E-Financial
FG Borrows N2.45Trillion from CBN by Ways and Means Advances

Federal government’s total borrowing from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) through Ways and Means Advances rose from N17.46tn in December 2021 to N19.91tn in June 2022.

The Punch quoted data from the CBN, which showed that the Federal Government borrowed N2.45tn from the apex bank within six months.
The N19.91tn owed the apex bank by the Federal Government is not part of the country’s total public debt stock, which stood at N41.60tn as of March 2022, according to the Debt Management Office.
The public debt stock only includes the debts of the Federal Government of Nigeria, the 36 state governments, and the Federal Capital Territory.
According to the Punch “Ways and Means Advances is a loan facility through which the CBN finances the shortfalls in the government’s budget”.
According to Section 38 of the CBN Act, 2007, the apex bank may grant temporary advances to the Federal Government with regard to temporary deficiency of budget revenue at such rate of interest as the bank may determine.
The Act read in part, “The total amount of such advances outstanding shall not at any time exceed five per cent of the previous year’s actual revenue of the Federal Government.
“All advances shall be repaid as soon as possible and shall, in any event, be repayable by the end of the Federal Government financial year in which they are granted and if such advances remain unpaid at the end of the year, the power of the bank to grant such further advances in any subsequent year shall not be exercisable, unless the outstanding advances have been repaid.
However, the CBN has said on its website that the Federal Government’s borrowing from it through the Ways and Means Advances could have adverse effects on the bank’s monetary policy to the detriment of domestic prices and exchange rates.
“The direct consequence of central banks’ financing of deficits are distortions or surges in monetary base leading to adverse effect on domestic prices and exchange rates i.e macroeconomic instability because of excess liquidity that has been injected into the economy,” it said.
The World Bank had, in November last year, warned the Nigerian government against financing deficits by borrowing from the CBN through the Ways and Means Advances, saying this put fiscal pressures on the country’s expenditures.
Despite warnings from experts and organisations, the Federal Government has kept borrowing from the CBN to fund budget deficits.
The PUNCH had reported that the Federal Government paid an interest of N2.03tn from January 2020 to November 2021 on the loans it got from the CBN through the Ways and Means Advances.
It was also reported that Federal Government paid an interest of N405.93bn from January 2022 to April 2022 on the loans it got from the CBN.
Mr Johnson Chukwu, managing director/chief executive officer, Cowry Asset Management Limited, said the central bank lending put pressure on the exchange rate and the inflation rate, with “liquidity that has no productivity attached to it coming into the system.”
Aliyu Ilias, development economist, said the refusal of the government to remove petrol subsidy had significantly increased expenditure, forcing the government to resort to borrowing to close its widening fiscal deficit.
He advised the government to seek better ways of generating revenue, such as widening its tax net and privatising its assets.
E-Financial
UBA Beefs Up Mobile App Security to Stop Fraudulent Debits, Withdrawals

United Bank for Africa (UBA) has said that it has strengthened the security of transactions on its mobile application to stop fraudulent debits, unauthorised transfers and withdrawals.

Oliver Alawuba, Group Managing Director and CEO of United Bank for Africa
UBA announced this in a memo forwarded to its customers via email recently.
“We are pleased to inform you that we have further strengthened the security of transactions on the Mobile App.
“Updated authentication options now apply based on the value of transfers,” the memo reads in part.
UBA said in the memo that it had introduced authentication options for transactions of varying amounts to detect and prevent fraud.
According to the bank, transactions of N200,000 or more will now require customers to provide their Personal Identification Number (PIN) and a token number.
For transactions above N200,000 and N250,000, customers will be required to provide their PIN and a One-Time Password (OTP).
They can make use of their PIN and Biometric or PIN and Token numbers to authenticate such transactions.
Customers will be required to provide a PIN and OTP, or a PIN and Token number, when carrying out transactions between N250,000 and N500,000
For transactions between N500,000 and N10 million, customers must enter their PIN and Token to authenticate the transaction.
For transactions above N10 million, customers must use their PIN, Token, and Biometric to complete the transaction.
“The app will guide you, no need to memorise these thresholds,” the bank assured customers in the memo.
E-Financial
CBN Plans New Payment Systems Vision

Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), has said that it will be launching a new payment systems vision that will outline where the entire ecosystem is expected to be heading in the next three years.

Olayemi Cardoso, governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria
The vision was co-created with the financial technology players, the mobile money operators, payment service providers across the board.
This was announced by Muhammad Abdullahi, deputy governor, Economic Policy Directorate at the CBN, after the inaugural meeting of the Payment Service Providers Committee.
Olayemi Cardoso, governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria, inaugurated the first meeting of the Payment Service Providers Committee, to reinforce policy coordination, knowledge sharing, and also ensure collective problem-solving by the industry and by the central bank.
The committee is being chaired by Muhammad Abdullahi, CBN deputy Governor, Economic Policy, and co-chaired by Philip Ikeazor, deputy Governor, Financial System Stability Directorate.
Other members of the committee include stakeholders from all the key payment service providers that are licensed to operate in Nigeria as well as a number of regulators, the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC), Nigeria Deposit Insurance Corporation (NDIC) and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).
According to Abdullahi, the committee is expected to convene on a quarterly basis to interface with players in the industry, to ensure that they collectively solve some of the challenges that are facing the industry.
“The committee is to put Nigeria on the best footing forward in terms of payment system space. As we already know, Nigeria is a world leader in payment service provision.
“The kind of technology and fintechs deployed in Nigeria are far ahead of regional and continental peers. And what we want to ensure over the next five to 10 years is that we continue to maintain this leadership and be able to do much more for the Nigerian economy,” he said.
He stated that setting up the committee had become relevant with the remarkable growth trajectory seen in the digital payment landscape in Nigeria.
“In 2024 alone, the system processed over 11.2 billion electronic transactions, amounting to over N1.07 quadrillion. This is the first time that digital payments crossed the quadrillion naira threshold, representing significant growth.
“The momentum has continued. In 2025, we’ve seen significant growth, and of course, in the first few months of 2026 as well. This is an ecosystem that is significantly growing, that has significant implications for growth in Nigeria, for inclusive growth, for trade, and other significant positives for our country, he said.
The Deputy Governor, Financial System Stability Directorate, and co-chair of the committee, explained that the inaugural meeting, featured discussions such as preliminary issues around how participation is going to be, what the top-line issues are, and some of the committees that would be set up eventually.
He said, “What we intend to do is to be able to solve this in a much faster way. So in the past, companies would have to wait a significant amount of time to interface or lay their concerns to the central bank, and the central bank would have to do supervisory visits—on-site, off-site—to be able to carry out its responsibilities.
“But today, now, we have a platform that brings us all together, that has committees that are working towards specific mandates that can advance the payment systems space, you know, payment service provider space. So what we really have now is that a major bottleneck has been removed, which is the bottleneck of coordination, collaboration, and joint systems thinking”.
On her part, Foyinsolami Akinjayeju, chief executive officer of Enhancing Financial Inclusion and Advancement (EFInA), said that the inaugural meeting of the Payment Services Providers Committee was to ensure that innovation was not stifled.
She said, “The Payment Services Providers Committee will more importantly, allow for inclusive and sustainable growth through access, expansion, strengthening of trust to ensure that no segments of our economy is left behind”.
Also, Premier Oiwoh, managing director and chief executive, Nigeria Inter Bank Settlement System (NIBSS), lauded the initiative describing it as historic and a win for all Nigerians.
For Jay Alabraba, chairman, Association of Licensed Mobile Payment Operators, the initiative is a good one which will help sustain the nation’s growth through active participation of industry stakeholders.
E-Financial
Ghana Makes History as First African Country to Integrate Payment National Identity Card

Ghana becomes the first African country to integrate payment into its Citizens’ Identity Card, ditching US-based payment giants Visa and Mastercard in Africa.

The card is now widely accepted in over 190 countries for online, in-store, and ATM use.
It allows for secure purchases, international payments, and offers perks like insurance and emergency assistance.
Ghana Card holders can activate their card using the MyCitizens App or by dialling *402#
Recall that Ghana’s National Identification Authority (NIA), statutory body mandated to establish a national identification system, first announced in September 2025, that the card would allow users to make use of Automated Teller Machines (ATMs), make payments in stores and online, make international payments with over 200 countries, and access other services such as insurance and emergency assistance.
The NIA’s aim for developing this feature is to bolster financial inclusion within the country.
In Ghana, the credit card penetration rate was forecast at 0.6% in 2024 and was forecast to continuously decrease between 2024 and 2029.
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