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The Onslaught of Artificial Intelligence (AI) part 3

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By Evans Woherem, Ph.D

  1. The Ethical Implications of Giving AGI a Human-Like Brain

Are we trying to give AGI a human-like brain and make it self-aware? This seems to be what we are doing, advertently or inadvertently. The question of whether to give AGI self-awareness and consciousness is a contentious issue.

Some argue that replicating and understanding human intelligence is a crucial step for AGI to perform tasks such as creativity, empathy, and moral reasoning. Others argue that it is unnecessary and even dangerous, as the actions of a self-aware AGI are uncertain, and it could lead to unintended consequences.

It is important to consider the ethical and moral concerns that arise from the development of AGI with a human-like brain, including the entity’s rights and obligations, and society’s treatment of it.

Isaac Asimov, a science fiction author and biochemist, was one of the first to explore these ethical issues in his famous “Three Laws of Robotics” in which he proposed guidelines for the safe and ethical use of robots and AI.

These laws include the prohibition on robots harming humans, the requirement for robots to obey human orders, and the obligation of robots to protect their existence as long as it does not contradict the first two laws.

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Asimov’s laws provide a useful framework for considering the ethical implications of AGI, and his work continues to be relevant today as we grapple with the ethical challenges posed by the development of AGI.

It is important for researchers, policymakers, and industry leaders to carefully consider these ethical implications as AGI technology continues to advance and to ensure that AGI systems are developed with a clear understanding of their limitations and potential risks.

Therefore, it is important for researchers, policymakers, and industry leaders to carefully consider these ethical implications as AGI technology continues to advance and to ensure that AGI systems are developed with a clear understanding of their limitations and potential risks.

 The Ethical and Societal Implications of Global Human Consciousness

The concept of a global human consciousness, or a “world brain,” refers to the idea that advancements in technology, particularly AI and the internet, are allowing for the collective intelligence of humanity to be harnessed in a way that has never been possible before. With the advent of technology like ChatGPT, which allows for easy access to information and the ability to ask questions, it is becoming increasingly possible for individuals to access and share knowledge on a global scale.

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The world is now aware of what GPT-3 is capable of doing! Imagine what happens when it’s upgraded to GPT-4 and then GPT-10. We’ve been told that GPT-4, once completed, would be 500 times more competent than GPT-3.

Today, students may use ChatGPT to produce essays, term papers, and even theses. Professors have started utilizing GPT to edit the chapters they have written and even to help with book chapter composition. Every organization can now use GPT to accomplish practically everything, potentially reducing the need for human personnel.

When I look at a new technology that has been invented in our attempts to build an AGI, like ChatGPT, I believe it appears we want to build a “world brain”, which can be used for both good and ill.

ChatGPT has an excellent level of human-to-human communication. It can be as plain as many people usually are in conversations, yet it can also get as technical as others might want. Any question you ask will have an intelligent response, so feel free to ask anything.

It can be your research assistant, write essays for you, draw pictures, and write poems for you, and so on. Individuals can now utilize it for free via the internet. It could replace search engines in applications like Google and Facebook and provide all the answers to questions in applications like Quora.

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Building a “world brain” is a goal shared by many organizations besides OpenAI. Numerous other research facilities are working to create a world brain, both in the West and in other nations like China and Japan.

They are all doing so, perhaps unwittingly or unconsciously, working to develop systems with narrow domains such as chatbots, language synthesis systems, language generation systems, and deep learning systems.

Some of them have the explicit goal of developing AGI. However, the development of a global human consciousness raises important questions about the nature of human identity, agency, and autonomy.

Moreover, there is a societal implication that, if not properly addressed, could lead to a widening of the digital divide and further marginalization of certain groups. Access to and control over information, technology, and resources will be crucial to ensure a fair distribution of benefits and opportunities in the world

  1. Africa, AI, and Other Exponential Techs

In all of the above, where is Africa? Why is there a deafening silence on all of the promethean-level technologies in Africa? Why does Africa continue to adopt a “follow-follow” mentality? Why does Africa think that the world is only meant for some others to recreate without its input? Whatever eventually becomes the world, unfortunately, Africa will also be immersed in it.

Africa is so busy with its day-to-day existential issues, along the lines of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, to the point that the business of rethinking the world and our existence is left to others, particularly the conceptual West, to do on behalf of humanity. My concern is that it is only a few in the West, such as the AI intelligentsia, who are trying to recreate the world and human existence.

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They seem to have an unspoken agenda, an atheistic agenda, an anti-God agenda, an agenda that wants to build a new Tower of Babel, and, an agenda that wants to create a new version of humanity. Does Africa agree with their agendas?

It is important for Africa to also be a part of these conversations and developments in technology, as it will ultimately affect the continent just as much as any other region. Africa should not be left behind in the shaping of the future, and should actively participate in the rethinking of the world and our existence.

It is also important to consider the potential consequences and ethical implications of these technologies and to have a diverse range of perspectives and voices involved in the decision-making process.

Furthermore, Africa should also take into account its values and beliefs, and ensure that they are not being overlooked or disregarded in the pursuit of technological advancement.

  1. Control and Regulation of AI

The control and regulation of AI refers to the various measures put in place to ensure the safe and responsible use of artificial intelligence technology.

This can include guidelines for the development and deployment of AI systems, as well as laws and regulations that govern the use of AI in specific industries or applications. Some of the key concerns that are addressed through AI regulation include issues related to privacy, security, and the potential for AI to impact jobs and the economy.

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Additionally, there are also ethical concerns related to AI, such as the potential for AI to perpetuate bias or make decisions that negatively impact certain groups of people.

Several guidelines have been proposed for the development and deployment of AI systems, including explainability and transparency, fairness and non-discrimination, human oversight, safety and robustness, privacy and security, continuous monitoring and improvement, accountability, human rights, societal and environmental well-being, and human-centred values.

These guidelines aim to ensure the safe and responsible use of AI, but there is no one regulatory body overseeing their implementation.

There are currently a limited number of laws and regulations specifically governing the use of AI, but as the technology continues to advance and its impact on society becomes more significant, more laws and regulations are likely to be developed. Some examples of existing laws and regulations that govern the use of AI in specific industries or applications include:

  • Health Care: The US Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) regulates the use of AI in healthcare by protecting the privacy and security of patient data.
  • Finance: The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in the European Union regulates the use of AI in finance by protecting the privacy and personal data of individuals.
  • Autonomous vehicles: The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) in the US has issued guidance on the safe testing and deployment of autonomous vehicles, which includes requirements for data recording and sharing, cybersecurity, and human oversight.
  • Employment: Many countries have laws that prohibit discrimination in the workplace, which can apply to AI systems used in the hiring process or the management of employees.

These are just a few examples, regulations may vary from country to country, and it is important to keep in mind that laws and regulations are always changing as technology advances and society’s understanding of it evolves.

  1. Conclusion

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) continues to evolve, it is expected to have a significant impact on how we live and work. Many people look at the development of AI with a positive outlook, I share that sentiment but also with concerns. I believe that it is like opening a box of unknown consequences that humanity will regret.

I am worried that there are no worldwide regulations and control systems in place to govern the design, development, and application of AI. Without these, we can’t ensure that AI will be safe for humanity. Moreover, I do not see any significant efforts being put into implementing Asimov’s laws of robotics, which could be used to ensure safety features are built into AI systems.

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The ethical implications of AI must be taken into account by society, and its creation and application must be consistent with human values. This may involve creating regulations and guidelines for the use of AI, as well as investing in retraining programs to assist individuals whose jobs are at risk of being replaced by AI.

Overall, the integration of AI is a complex issue that requires a thorough understanding of the potential benefits and risks of this technology. It is essential for society to have open and honest conversations about the implications of AI and to collaborate to ensure that its development and use align with human values and promote the well-being of all individuals.

Woherem is a highly respected industry professional and alumnus of Harvard Business School, wrote in from Abuja, Nigeria

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Ovaloop Technologies Unveils Digital Tools to Formalize SMEs Operations Across Africa

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L-r: Daniel Kilanko, Co-founder/ CTO, Overloop Technologies; Mrs. Titilope Ejimagwa Chairperson, Overloop Technologies; and Princewill Mba, Co-founder//CEO, Overloop Technologies at the launch of Ovaloop Retailers Operating System in Lagos on Monday.
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Against the backdrop of struggles by small and medium enterprises in Africa to scale their businesses because of lack of formal processes, Ovaloop Technologies has unveiled an inventory solution aimed at supporting retailers across Nigeria and Africa to formalise their businesses.

Combining inventory management, payment processing, accounting and business intelligence, the platform enables retailers to generate accurate financial records, improve operational efficiency, reduce internal fraud and strengthen their ability to access credit.

The company said the expansion of Nigeria’s digital payment ecosystem has created the need for solutions that go beyond processing transactions to helping small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) manage their day-to-day operations.

Speaking during the company’s launch event in Lagos on Monday, Princewill Mba, CEO and co-founder of Ovaloop Technologies described the platform as an indigenous technology designed to grow and formalize Africa’s retail economy

“Ovaloop is an inventory management system, but we like to always define it as a retail operating system, so think about it as your Microsoft Office. For us, the whole idea is to manage how businesses are being run. So Ovaloop manages your business operation end-to-end, from how you’re taking stock, to how you manage your stock, how you make sales, and how you collect payments,” Mba said.

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Mba further noted that the company aims to change the conversation from building products that simply process payments to developing technology that helps retailers manage their entire business operations.

According to him, the formalisation of retail operations will also bring onboard unbanked SMEs, unlocking access to credit facilities which remain one of the major challenges facing SMEs in Nigeria and Africa.

“Most of these retailers are not bankable. They make a lot of money but when they come to collect loans from financial institutions, they struggle, because their cash flow statement is not very accurate, the data they provide to the banks or other financial institutions is not very accurate, and then they can’t work with that data.

“But with Ovaloop, we can generate useful data for them that they circulate to these institutions to help them access funding, and you can’t shy away from the fact that funding is very imperative for businesses to operate smoothly,” he said.

Acknowledging the gap in the inventory space, the CEO disclosed that the company took time to understand business operations across Africa and has built a solution that manages business operations end-to-end.

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Mba said there is a huge gap in inventory management solutions across Africa, noting that many businesses still rely on manual record-keeping or disconnected software.

“What we’ve built and why we took this long was for us to understand how Africans operate business, because whether you would like it or not, most businesses are still taking inventory and stock using basic books while others use fragmented tools.

“So there’s a tool that collects your payment. There’s a tool that runs your business and another tool that runs your accounting. But when we talk about Ovaloop, it’s taking all these activities into cognisance. So, from end to end, we can manage your inventory.”

Daniel Kilanko, co-founder and CTO of Ovaloop Technologies commenting on the platform noted that it is easily accessible with strong security software that verifies payments and detects fraud.

“Our Ovaloop Pay Protect will tie every sales transaction to verified payments. So with that, you don’t have to deal with fragmented tools. The tools you are using for your inventory, payments and everything synchronise properly.

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“So no transaction can be completed unless a verified payment is linked to that transaction. And with this, we also hope that we will be connecting with other local technology so that you just have one central system that does everything for you end-to-end.”

Kilanko said Ovaloop can be accessed through the web, Android and iOS mobile phones which gives users a complete business overview from anywhere in the world.

The platform will also be linked to various supply chains, enabling users to access products within and outside the country.

Also speaking, Titilope Ejimagwa, chairperson, Ovaloop Technologies, inventory losses and employee theft remain major operational challenges for many entrepreneurs

Ejimagwa recalled losing inventory to trusted employees despite maintaining close oversight of her business, citing nearly four decades of experience in marketing and entrepreneurship.

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She noted that technology such as the Ovaloop platform, which can track inventory, verify payments and improve operational transparency, could significantly reduce such losses for SMEs.

“As entrepreneurs, one of our biggest challenges is fraud and inventory losses. Having one platform that helps monitor operations and reduce those risks is a major advantage for businesses,” she said.

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Jumia Nigeria Expands Flexible Payment Options with Klump Partnership

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Jumia Nigeria, the country’s e-commerce platform, has introduced a new instalment payment option on its marketplace through a partnership with Buy Now, Pay Later (BNPL) provider Klump, giving customers another way to pay for purchases without bearing the full cost upfront.

The new option allows eligible customers to spread payments for selected purchases over a period of up to 12 months after making an initial deposit of between 20 and 30 percent. The partnership is expected to widen access to products such as smartphones, electronics, home appliances, and other everyday essentials for consumers who may prefer structured repayment plans over one-time payments.

Customers selecting the option at checkout can compare financing offers from participating financial institutions, complete a digital credit assessment, and, once approved, begin repayment through fixed monthly instalments. The introduction of instalment payments comes as digital commerce continues to evolve in Nigeria, with retailers exploring payment options that respond to changing consumer spending patterns and the growing demand for financial flexibility.

Commenting on the partnership, Chief Executive Officer of Jumia Nigeria, Temidayo Ojo, said the initiative reflects the company’s commitment to making online shopping more accessible to a wider range of consumers.

“We are constantly looking at practical ways to remove barriers to online shopping. For many customers, affordability is not always about the price of a product but about having payment options that fit their financial reality. By introducing instalment payments with Klump, we are giving customers greater flexibility while making quality products more accessible.”

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He added that expanding payment choices forms part of Jumia’s wider effort to improve the overall customer experience and support the company’s ambition of becoming Nigeria’s everyday retail destination.

“Whether we are strengthening our logistics network, expanding product selection, or introducing new payment solutions, the goal remains the same: to make shopping on Jumia simpler, more convenient, and more accessible for customers wherever they are,” Ojo said.

Founded to simplify access to goods across Africa, Jumia has continued to invest in technology, logistics, and payment solutions to make digital commerce easier for consumers in both major cities and emerging markets across Nigeria.

The addition of instalment payments complements the range of payment methods already available on the platform and comes at a time when consumer demand for flexible financing options is increasing across the retail sector.

Celestine Omin, Co-founder and Chief Executive Officer of Klump, said the partnership aligns with Klump’s objective of expanding access to responsible consumer credit.

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“When we started Klump, our mission was simple: to give Nigerians access to affordable credit wherever they shop. Today, we’re pleased to partner with Jumia to bring flexible instalment payments to one of Africa’s largest e-commerce marketplaces, making it easier for more customers to access the products they need,” Omin said.

Under the arrangement, Klump will provide the financing infrastructure while customers complete the application process digitally during checkout. Financing offers are provided through participating financial institutions, subject to approval.

For Jumia, the partnership represents another step in expanding the range of services available on its marketplace while supporting broader efforts to deepen digital commerce and financial inclusion. As more Nigerians turn to online shopping, the availability of flexible payment options is expected to lower one of the barriers to e-commerce adoption, particularly for higher-value purchases.

Customers can access the instalment payment option by selecting Klump at checkout on eligible products available on the Jumia platform.

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Lagos Unveils N10m Single-digit Loan Scheme for MSMEs

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The Lagos State Government has launched a new financing initiative that will provide single-digit interest loans of up to N10 million to micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs), in a major push to improve access to affordable credit and stimulate business growth across the state.

The initiative, known as the Lagos State Access to Finance for SMEs through Cooperatives (LASMECO) programme, offers eligible businesses loans at a fixed 9 per cent annual interest rate, with repayment periods of up to 36 months for term loans and 24 months for working capital facilities. Beneficiaries will also enjoy moratoriums of six months and three months respectively.

The scheme was unveiled on Monday during the opening of a three-day LASMECO Accelerator Training Workshop organised by the Ministry of Commerce, Cooperatives, Trade and Investment, in Lagos.

In her keynote address, the Commissioner for Commerce, Cooperatives, Trade and Investment, Mrs Folashade Bada Ambrose-Medebem, said the programme was designed to bridge the financing gap facing thousands of Lagos businesses that have been priced out of conventional lending because of high interest rates and stringent collateral requirements.

Ambrose-Medebem, represented by the Director of Cooperative Services, Adeyinka Adeyemi, noted that MSMEs account for about 80 per cent of employment and contribute roughly 75 per cent of Lagos State’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP), yet many struggle to access affordable credit as commercial lending rates range between 35 and 40 per cent.

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According to the commissioner, LASMECO addresses the challenge by using registered cooperative societies as financial intermediaries and guarantors, allowing entrepreneurs to obtain loans without relying solely on conventional collateral.

Under the financing framework, she said borrowers will provide 10 per cent cash collateral, while their cooperative societies will guarantee 25 per cent of the loan, adding that Sterling Bank Plc would provide a 50 per cent guarantee, creating a layered risk-sharing structure that makes lending more accessible and sustainable.

The programme targets businesses in agriculture, manufacturing, healthcare, the digital economy, creative industries, tourism, environmental sustainability and education.

The commissioner disclosed that the Lagos State Government has released its counterpart funding, while the Bank of Industry (BOI) has matched the state’s contribution, paving the way for loan disbursement, saying that BOI would serve as co-funder and final loan approver, while Sterling Bank would process applications, conduct credit assessments, disburse funds and recover repayments.

The commissioner reaffirmed the Lagos State Government’s commitment to ensuring the success of the initiative, expressing confidence that the programme would unlock affordable financing for thousands of entrepreneurs while boosting employment, productivity and economic development across the state.

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Earlier, the Permanent Secretary in the ministry, Mr Babatunde Onigbanjo, said the workshop marked the transition of LASMECO from policy to implementation, stressing that the programme was fully funded and ready for rollout.

He said all necessary groundwork had been completed, including the release of counterpart funding, execution of memoranda of understanding and onboarding of accelerator organisations, adding that participants were now being equipped to begin recruiting and preparing loan beneficiaries.

According to him, the three-day workshop is designed to prepare accelerator organisations to identify eligible MSMEs, assess their credit readiness, compile loan applications and support borrowers from application through disbursement and repayment.

Onigbanjo urged participants to focus on quality rather than quantity in recruiting loan applicants, warning that poorly prepared businesses could increase loan defaults and undermine the programme.

He stressed that accelerator organizations would only be paid when the businesses they support successfully secure funding, saying the arrangement was intended to align their interests with the success of the programme.

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The permanent secretary also emphasised that every loan applicant must belong to a registered cooperative society, describing the cooperative model as central to the programme because cooperatives provide a 25 per cent guarantee for every facility while helping to formalise informal businesses.

He disclosed that Lagos has more than 13,000 registered cooperative societies, although only about 1,900 to 2,200 are currently active, adding that reviving dormant cooperatives would significantly expand access to the financing scheme.

Onigbanjo warned accelerator organizations against charging applicants processing, training or evaluation fees, stressing that the only approved deductions are a N200,000 accelerator support fee and a one per cent BOI appraisal fee, both payable only after successful loan disbursement.

He said the state would closely monitor loan recovery, business growth, job creation, cooperative compliance and portfolio performance, adding that only accelerator organisations that deliver strong results would remain in the programme.

The permanent secretary described LASMECO as more than a loan scheme, saying it is also a strategy to formalise businesses, strengthen cooperatives, promote industrialization and drive inclusive economic growth across Lagos.

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He urged participants to make full use of the workshop to prepare for immediate enrolment of qualified businesses, insisting that the programme had moved beyond planning and was now ready for implementation.

 

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