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Ex-Govs Incur N1.58TRN Debt for 21 states

A month long investigations by Nigerian Pilot has revealed that 21 state governments in Nigeria owe an estimated debt of N1.58 trillion (domestic and foreign debts) as at May 29, 2015.
Top on the list is Lagos State under former Governor Babatunde Fashola with N418.2billion, followed by Kano during the administration of Dr. Rabi’u Kwankwaso with N294.5billion and Rivers led by Rotimi Amaechi N138.3 billion and Jigawa under Sule Lamido (N117).
Except Lamido, the other three former governors were elected or defected to the All Progressives Congress, APC, which at present controls the Federal Government and most states of the federation.
Other highly indebted states are Akwa Ibom (Godswill Akpabio-N125.7bn); Plateau-N104bn (Jonah Jang); Kaduna-N71bn (Ramalah Yero); Niger-N57bn (Babangida Aliyu); Zamfara-N53bn); Benue -N31.6bn (Gabriel Suswam); Osun-N25.4bn (Rauf Aregbesola); Imo-N32.4bn (Rochas Okorocha); Adamawa-N22.4bn (Murtala Nyako); Cross River-N38.3bn (Liyel Imoke); Edo-N34.6bn (Adams Oshiomhole); Ogun-N27.8bn (Ibikunle Amosun); Oyo-N32.6bn; Kwara-N28.7bn; Anambra N17.6bn (Peter Obi); Bauchi N17.5bn (Isa Yuguda) and Ebonyi N10.5bn (Martin Elechi) and Abia N6.76 bn (Theodore Orji).
While most of the highly indebted states have accumulated debts through issuance of bonds, Abia State has been very cautious about doing this, hence its position as one of the least indebted states.
Nevertheless, the survey showed that all the states are indebted except Katsina which is debt-free.
Nigeria’s total public debt stock, according to the Debt Management Office, DMO, as at December 2014 stood at about $67.73billion and N11.2trillion, which is about N1.2trillion higher than the 2013’s figure of N10.04trillion.
According to Nigeria Pilot, a breakdown of the figures showed that external debt, including those of the states, was $9.71 billion and N1.63trillion.
The Federal Government’s domestic debt was $47.05billion and N7.9trillion, while those of the states stood at $10.97billion and N1.708trillion.
Based on the huge debt profile of the state governments, the Federal Government had last year directed Deposit Money Banks not to grant fresh loans to state governors until they get approval and clearance from the Federal Ministry of Finance.
The directive had stirred misgivings from most state governments, which accused the Federal Government of attempting to frustrate them from securing funds from banks to settle contractors and finance ongoing developmental projects.
According to the immediate past Minister of State for Finance, Bashir Yuguda, “The domestic debt profile of some states is scary. The states are so much in debt that only a small amount of their allocations get to them at the end of the day, because most times, money for debt servicing is removed from source.”
The former minister said this was the reason the Federal Government had to discourage states from further borrowing.
Even where it becomes necessary that they must take such loans, the minister said they must be for the execution of priority projects with prospects of high returns to service those loans on schedule.
Commenting on the situation, World Bank Consultant and former Abia State Finance Commissioner, Dr. Phillip Nto, blamed it on lack of frugal management of resources and penchant by some immediate past state governors for bonds.
“Ordinarily when you collect bond, you are mortgaging your future because you pay over a long period of time. A good governor that feels that it is not proper to mortgage the future of his state will not go for bond. For instance, Abia State is trying to come out from the mess, the monumental difficulty which it was pushed into in early 2000, that was why Governor Theodore Orji did not take any new bond, so for the state to be mortgaged again means that the state will be declared insolvent,’’ he said.
Observers attribute the inability of many states to pay staff salaries to the debt issue. As at press time, the following states are owing workers’ salaries running into several months: Abia, Akwa Ibom, Bauchi, Benue, Cross River, Ekiti, Imo, Jigawa, Kano, Katsina, Kogi, Ogun, Ondo, Osun, Oyo, Plateau, Rivers and Zamfara.
With the above scenario, concerns are being expressed about the future of some indebted states with some Nigerians calling for mergers or return to the old regional system of government. Others canvassed the pruning of government functionaries, retrenchment and salary cut.
Already, Kaduna State Governor, Mallam Nasir El-Rufai and his deputy have announced 50 percent cut in their respective salaries.
For instance, DMO recently warned that the financial position of states such as Akwa Ibom, Edo, Kwara, Ondo, Plateau and Taraba are already precipitating to insolvency.
DMO had earlier placed states of the federation into three categories with regards to their solvency profile. While some states are already in the danger mark as a result of their high level of indebtedness, others are considered close to critical on the domestic debt sustainability analysis scale.
Bayelsa, Cross River, Delta, Zamfara, Kogi, Ebonyi and Adamawa states, according to the report of domestic debt sustainability analysis undertaken by the DMO, are all on danger list.
The report presented to the National Executive Council, NEC, by the DMO showed that seven states’ domestic indebtedness relative to their internally generated revenue, IGR, capacities is beyond the recommended international debt threshold of between 92 and 167 per cent.
New Lagos State Governor, Akinwunmi Ambode, inherited a debt burden of N418.2 billion accumulated by the immediate past government of Babatunde Fashola. A breakdown of the debt showed that Fashola’s government has a domestic debt in the tune of N69.666 billion, obtained from funds borrowed from banks; N225 billion from bond issuance and N207.499 billion external loan from foreign agencies . Kaduna State debt comprised N46bn from Local Government Sources, N2bn Internal Bonds and N23bn pending arrears to contractors in the state.
In Ebonyi State, the debt profile excludes outstanding staff salaries. The governor, Chief Dave Umah, recently ordered permanent secretaries and directors of parastatals involved in the award and execution of contracts in the past eight years to provide details of such contracts for immediate scrutiny while his Rivers State counterpart, Nyesom Wike, last week ordered permanent secretaries to present 18 months accounts of their ministries.
But while Governor Simon Bako Lalong of Plateau State insists that the state debt is N104billion, his predecessor, Jonah Jang said that he left a debt profile of N18bn.
There is an indication that the huge debts are already taking their toll on some states. These include their inability to pay workers’ salaries and contractors for job done.
Already, some of the new governors have ordered reversal of the recruitment of members of staff conducted in the last two years, saying their government cannot employ more workers when they have no money to pay their present workforce.
Experts say the huge debts will make it difficult for the new state governments to embark on new development projects or employ fresh hands given the level of unemployment in the country.
News
Francis Okafor Stuns China, Emerges Second-Place Winner @ Tencent OpenClaw Hackathon

In a striking moment of global recognition for African talent in artificial intelligence, Shenzhen-based Nigerian technologist, Francis Okafor has emerged as the second-place winner at the 2026 Tencent OpenClaw Hackathon, a fiercely contested competition hosted by Chinese tech giant Tencent.

The achievement places the Nigerian engineer among the top innovators in one of the world’s most competitive technology hubs, Shenzhen, often described as China’s Silicon Valley.
Okafor’s journey to the podium was anything but scripted. Walking into Tencent’s facility on the day of the contest, he found a room already buzzing with elite programmers deep in preparation.
“Laptops open. Heads down. Some people setting up their system before the challenges even dropped,” he recalled, contrasting the scene with his own uncertainty at that moment. “And then there is me — a Nigerian looking around like, okay Francis, what exactly are you doing here?”
Rather than confidence, his first reaction was raw nerves. “I won’t lie, I had goose bumps. Not the inspirational kind,” he admitted, describing a quiet internal debate about whether he had wandered into territory far beyond his league. Yet that hesitation quickly gave way to experimentation, a hallmark of the hackathon spirit.
Earlier that same week, Tencent had rolled out OpenClaw integration into WeChat (known domestically as Weixin), exposing its massive user base to AI agent capabilities.
Okafor, a senior technology lead, artificial intelligence advocate, and global community organiser, had already been stress-testing the system and decided, on the spot, to build his entry around it. “I had been pushing it hard all week just to see what it could do… so when the challenges dropped I thought, you know what, let me use this thing as my weapon.”
That decision proved decisive. Competing against some of the most accomplished engineers in China’s hyper-competitive tech ecosystem, Okafor’s solution stood out for both ingenuity and execution. “It went far enough apparently,” he said with understated pride after securing second place.
Remarkably, he had entered without a grand plan. “I didn’t go in with a strategy. I went in for the thrill of it… Honestly I thought I would learn a few things and go home with a good story.” Instead, he left with a trophy, and a narrative that has resonated far beyond the competition hall.
Beyond personal triumph, Okafor emphasized the broader technological significance of the moment. Tencent released the WeChat OpenClaw plugin on the very morning of the event, effectively putting advanced AI agent tools into the hands of an estimated 1.4 billion users.
In his view, this signals a profound shift in how artificial intelligence will reach the public. The company, he observed, is “not just making AI accessible to developers… they are bridging it to everyone,” while using hackathons to identify innovators capable of pushing the technology forward, regardless of origin.
Okafor was acutely aware of his uniqueness in the room. “I was definitely the only African there and for sure stood out,” he noted. Yet what mattered was not nationality but capability. “Nobody cared about where I was from. They cared about what I built.”
His message to aspiring technologists, particularly those from underrepresented regions, is both simple and powerful: show up. “Enter things you think you have no business entering,” he urged. “The worst case is you learn something. The best case is you shock yourself.”
In an industry often defined by geography, capital, and institutional advantage, Okafor’s victory offers a compelling counter-narrative. Talent, preparation, and courage can still disrupt expectations, even in rooms that seem designed for someone else.
As he concluded in a line that has since captured widespread attention: Black excellence, he said, “doesn’t need a geography.”
News
CBN Pledges Deeper Synergy with EFCC in Enugu Operations

Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) has urged the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) to deepen collaboration and provide faster operational support in Enugu State.

Zonal Director of the EFCC Enugu Zonal Directorate, Commander Daniel Isei, made the call during a courtesy visit to the CBN Branch Controller in Enugu, Mr Otutubuike Justice Agbaeze, on Tuesday.
The engagement forms part of ongoing efforts to boost inter-agency ties, enhance financial sector accountability, and fortify anti-money laundering initiatives nationwide.
Isei described the CBN as “our most critical partner in the fight against economic and financial crimes,” highlighting years of joint operations and the bank’s role in securing recovered assets.
“The CBN naturally stands out as one of our most critical partners… it serves as a secure repository for valuables recovered by the EFCC and it has greatly enhanced our operations,” he stated.
While commending past cooperation, Isei appealed for quicker responses to the EFCC’s frequent investigative requests from its Enugu office.
“We understand that these requests may be demanding, but timely responses are crucial, as time is of the essence in financial investigations. We therefore seek your continued indulgence in ensuring that our letters receive expeditious attention,” he added.
In response, Agbaeze reaffirmed CBN’s dedication to the partnership, pledging expert support and improved synergy “in the interest of financial system stability and national development.”
News
Firm Shares Tips for Updating Your Digital Habits for an AI-driven World

As smart devices with artificial intelligence (AI) tools, and always-on services become part of everyday life, the cybersecurity habits many people formed a few years ago may no longer be enough.

From AI-powered scams to social media trends that encourage users to upload personal details, the way people interact online is changing quickly. Ensuring that you stay secure now requires small, deliberate actions in your daily digital behaviour. Experts from Kaspersky, a global cybersecurity and digital privacy company, share the below advice to stay safe online.
- Be cautious with verification requests. Many scams now mimic legitimate verification processes, asking users to confirm accounts, update payment details, or approve login attempts. Because people are used to frequent security prompts, it is easy to respond automatically. Pause before sharing verification codes or personal information and independently verify requests through official websites or by contacting service providers directly.
- Cultivate healthy AI usage habits. AI agents, chatbots and multimedia-generating apps can be convenient and entertaining, but uploading high-resolution photos or personal information carries privacy implications. Facial images can function as biometric identifiers, and once shared with an online service, be it AI or a social network, control over how that data is stored or reused may be limited. Before using AI tools, review privacy policies, minimise the personal information they provide, and avoid uploading sensitive documents or confidential content.
- Do your homework on AI. For parents, the rise of AI assistants introduces another dimension. While AI tools can help in making education interactive and gamified, children may turn to AI tools for homework support or entertainment without fully understanding how their data is used or how to evaluate responses critically.
Open conversations about responsible AI use, privacy awareness, and the importance of not oversharing personal information can help children build safe digital habits from an early age.
- Audit your online subscriptions. Reducing digital exposure is another simple but often overlooked step. Over time, unused subscriptions, dormant accounts, and forgotten apps accumulate personal data and payment details. Regularly reviewing subscriptions, deleting unused accounts, and checking which apps have access to personal information can significantly reduce risks of this data being leaked.
- Secure your devices and home. Device longevity and smart home security also play an important role. Older devices that no longer receive security updates may contain unpatched vulnerabilities.
Ensure that smartphones, laptops, routers, and smart home devices are running the latest firmware and are protected with strong passwords and multi-factor authentication. Changing default passwords on connected devices and securing home Wi-Fi networks are essential steps in protecting both personal data and physical spaces.
As technology and AI becomes more integrated into daily life, security is less about dramatic measures and more about consistent, informed habits.
“Technology evolves quickly, and our online behaviour should keep pace,” says Brandon Muller, Technical Expert for the Middle East and Africa region at Kaspersky. “Take time to review privacy settings, app permissions, and connected third-party services, removing anything that is no longer needed. By being more deliberate about what we share, how we verify requests, and how we manage our devices, we can significantly reduce exposure to modern cyber risks while enjoying all the benefits of new technologies.”
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