E-Business
A4AI Releases Paper, Says Proposed Communication Service Tax Regressive

The Alliance for Affordable Internet (A4AI)-Nigeria Coalition has urged the federal government to consider other measures to generate revenue as against the proposed Communication Service Tax (CST).
In a document made available to Nigeria CommunicationsWeek at the weekend and endorsed by, Dr. Ernest Ndukwe, the national Coordinator, Alliance for Affordable Internet (A4AI), observed that the goal of the proposed CST is to improve revenue generation as stated in the Bill.
With that in mind, A4AI recommend that government should consider other alternatives.
“Our position, therefore, is that the National Assembly reconsiders the passage of the CST bill. However, if the tax must be introduced the government must consider a lower tax rate that enables it to achieve fiscal revenue targets without undermining broadband affordability and access”, the document reads.
Referring to the current mobile broadband affordability situation in Nigeria, A4AI it has continued its engagement with government and other stakeholders in the ICT space in Nigeria in the pursuit of advancing internet affordability and access in Nigeria
A4AI Said that increased access to the Internet has significant and well-known positive socio-economic benefits for the individual user, their community, their business, and the country as a whole.
“However, reality of Internet access in Nigeria is that it’s all about mobile. Only about 13% of Nigerians get broadband access via mobile vs less than 1% from fixed services. (Sources ITU 2015, and GSMA Intelligence 2016).
“Nigeria aims to achieve 30% broadband penetration by December 2018, as contained in the National Broadband Plan. Current figure is clearly some way off this target and needs measures to boost growth in usage.
“A4AI studies have confirmed that one of the main reasons the rate of Internet adoption and use is rather slow in Nigeria is the high cost of data subscription.”
According to the ITU, a 500MB plan costs typically 5.4% of average monthly income in 2014.
The current definition of affordability used by the UN Broadband Commission is where the price of a broadband plan is less than 5% of average monthly income. If we are to use this definition Nigeria is on the cusp of affordability.
However, A4AI’s 2015/16 Affordability Report shows that while in Nigeria the average income in 2014 was US$2970, GNI per capita, according to World Bank, 40% of the population actually earned less than half that amount. In practice this means that a 500MB mobile Internet plan priced at 5.4% of “average” monthly income actually costs the majority of Nigerians anywhere between 7-18% of their monthly income.
“It is therefore right to say that any measures that will increase the cost of services for consumers are regressive, taking Nigeria backwards in terms of its attempt to achieve affordability,” A4AI said.
On current mobile sector tax regime in Nigeria, the Alliance said that mobile operators paid approximately USD 850 million in taxes and regulatory fees to the government in 2014 and USD 760 million in 2013.
“The taxes and regulatory fees currently applicable to mobile phone operators fall under several categories, including duties on imported equipment, regulatory fees, taxes on profits, environmental taxes. Also those taxes that are more relevant to the consumer include taxes on handsets, SIM cards, and services. GSMA suggests that it is this latter set of taxes that we are of utmost concern as they have the most direct impact on the affordability of Internet access for Nigerians.
“Currently a VAT of 5% applies to devices and communication services purchased by the consumer.
In addition, handsets (12%) and SIM cards (20% and 35% special levy) attract additional custom import duties and levies.
Specifically, “Communications Service Tax” (CST) is proposed to be a “9% charge for the use of the communication service” (Section 4 of the Bill), where communication service refers to voice, SMS, MMS, data, and pay per view TV.
A4AI said that with focus on internet affordability; i.e., data costs, it is obvious that the tax is to be borne by all consumers.
On the implications for affordability of mobile data, A4AI said, “Compliance and responsibility for collecting payments placed on mobile operators. Compliance is likely to add a number of operational costs to operators. For example, rather than annually, all service providers are to file tax returns and pay the tax due not later than the last working day of the month immediately after the month to which the payment relates. So while the 9% tax is to be paid by consumers, experience indicates that there may be an additional burden placed on consumers as operators’ operational costs rise.
“While the impacts of the CST on the sector as a whole are major, the above analysis shows the direct, possibly unintended, impact on the consumer and specifically those in low-income groups and women.
Balanced fiscal policy must consider affordability of mobile broadband and should not put in place additional barriers that make Internet access unaffordable for millions of Nigerians.
“This is important given the relative low levels of broadband Internet use in the country. Nigeria is lagging far behind the more developed countries of the world and introduction of the CST will further widen the gap.
The goal of the proposed CST is to improve revenue generation as stated in the Bill (See Explanatory Memorandum in Bill). With that in mind, we recommend that government should consider other alternatives
Our position, therefore, is that the National Assembly reconsiders the passage of the CST bill. However, if the tax must be introduced the government must consider a lower tax rate that enables it to achieve fiscal revenue targets without undermining broadband affordability and access.
E-Business
Firm Detected a Fivefold Surge in QR Code Phishing Attacks in the Second Half of 2025

Kaspersky has reported a spike in phishing emails containing malicious QR codes. Detections for these jumped from 46,969 in August 2025 to 249,723 in November 2025 – a more than fivefold growth – as cybercriminals increasingly exploit QR codes, a trend that will likely continue in 2026.

Attackers use QR codes in emails more frequently because they provide a simple and cost-effective way to conceal malicious URLs, evading detection by many protective solutions.
These QR codes are often embedded directly in email bodies or, even more commonly, within PDF attachments – an evolution that both masks phishing links and encourages users to scan them on mobile phones, which may have weaker security than work PCs.
Malicious QR codes commonly appear in mass phishing campaigns as well as targeted ones. Links embedded within them may lead to:
- Phishing forms impersonating login pages for services like Microsoft accounts or internal corporate portals, designed to steal usernames, passwords, and other credentials.
- Fake HR notifications urging employees to review or sign documents, such as vacation schedules, or even view lists of terminated staff, ultimately directing to credential-stealing sites.
- Fraudulent invoices or purchase confirmations in PDF attachments, often combined with vishing (voice phishing) tactics that prompt victims to call provided phone numbers to “cancel” or clarify the transaction, enabling further social engineering attacks.
These tactics exploit trust in routine business communications, leading to credential theft, account takeovers, data breaches, and financial fraud.
“Malicious QR codes have evolved into one of the most effective phishing tools, particularly when hidden in PDF attachments or disguised as legitimate business communications like HR updates.
“The explosive growth in November 2025 highlights how attackers are capitalising on this low-cost evasion technique to target employees on mobile devices, where protection is often minimal.
“Without advanced image analysis at the email gateway and safe scanning practices, organisations are left vulnerable to credential compromise and downstream breaches,” comments Roman Dedenok, Anti-Spam Expert at Kaspersky.
To defend against this escalating threat, Kaspersky recommends educating employees on cybersecurity and deploying a mail server security solution such as Kaspersky Security for Mail Server that provides trusted and secure corporate email exchange, countering spam, email-borne infections, all forms of phishing, business email compromise (BEC), QR code attacks, and other threats.
E-Business
JustMarkets Unveils Top 5 Trading Assets for 2026 Profits

As the world markets continue into a new cycle that sees them plunging into much trouble and uncertainty, the year 2026 beckons to be one that is ridden with high uncertainty and volatility in terms of geopolitical and macroeconomic trends. Although the year may pose various threats to traders, it also comes along with unparalleled opportunities that may be leveraged to achieve trading success through various trading assets set to display notable volatility trends in the year 2026.

JustMarkets
From long-term fundamentals to trading dynamics, these five key assets on JustMarkets are set to continue to be at the forefront in trading in 2026.
1. Gold (XAU/USD): The Ultimate Macro-Driven Asset
The gold price in 2025 reached $4,500 per troy ounce, and it continues to be one of the most traded assets world-wide. Gold is extremely sensitive to changes in the levels of inflation, interest rate forecasts, geopolitical events, and currency exchange rate movements. The recent years have shown the ability of the gold market to provide an extremely strong bullish momentum, as well as intraday momentum.
The relevance of the market of gold in the year 2026 specifically stems from the fact that the environment surrounding the economy of the world is facing challenges associated with growth, debt, and the policies of monetary easing. Despite the falling inflation rate in the economy, the real interest rates are also expected to be pressured downward, which has traditionally translated to favorable market conditions for the price of gold. The factor of geopolitics uncertainty and tensions between specific countries also adds to the significance of the market of gold.
For traders, the market offers favorable conditions because of its high volatility regime with adequate liquidity.
2. Silver (XAG/USD): Volatility with a Dual Personality
Silver often overshadows gold, but its performance in 2025 significantly outperformed its main competitor. The precious metal briefly reached $85, making it one of the best-performing assets in 2025. While silver, like gold, is sensitive to monetary policy and market sentiment, it also enjoys strong industrial demand related to energy transition technologies, electronics, and manufacturing.
This dual nature makes silver one of the most volatile and fastest-growing precious metals and trading instruments overall. In 2026, as global growth expectations fluctuate and industrial cycles remain uneven, silver will experience sharp directional movements and prolonged periods of volatility, but will fundamentally maintain a growth trend similar to gold.
For traders seeking high volatility, silver offers even greater percentage swings than gold, making it a powerful tool for well-managed strategies, both scalping and holding positions for multiple days.
3. Oil (WTI & Brent): Trading Supply, Politics, and Policy
Oil is still among the market-sensitive commodities. The change in OPEC+ production levels, global events affecting major oil-producing nations, as well as changes in global demand can cause prices to surge within a matter of hours.
Turning the focus on the outlook for the year 2026, it seems likely that the oil market will face well-supplied conditions. However, this will not mean extremely small degrees of volatility. Events surrounding Venezuela represent yet another key source of uncertainty. Changes within US policies regarding Venezuela, the export of oil, and the political leadership of the country could represent important influences on the levels of supply, especially when the focus shifts towards the heavier grades. Yet, the possibility of a substantial recovery looks very unlikely.
Even in highly saturated markets, surprise disruptions, production policy changes, or geopolitical tensions, particularly in the Middle East, Eastern Europe, and Latin America, can cause sharp price moves. Conversely, macroeconomic growth slowdowns or money market cycles may exert pressures on demands, thereby leading to highly two-sided markets.
4. US Stock Indices (Dow 30, S&P 500, Nasdaq): Liquidity and Trend Potential
US indices continue to be key trading assets in global trading activity. The Dow Jones, S&P 500, and Nasdaq reflect US economic performance, as well as global risk appetite, capital flows, and technological leadership, primarily driven by the AI boom.
In 2026, stock markets are likely to face divergent forces. On the one hand, monetary easing is supporting valuations, while slowing economic growth, declining interest in AI, and political uncertainty are increasing volatility and the risk of a deeper sell-off. This combination often leads to strong moves, deep corrections, and renewed all-time highs.
Indices offer unrivaled liquidity, clear technical behavior, and the ability to express macroeconomic views without the risk associated with individual stocks, making them important tools for both short-term and position traders.
5. EUR/USD: The World’s Most Traded Currency Pair
EUR/USD remains the benchmark for forex trading. Its deep liquidity, tight spreads, and technical clarity make it a favorite among professional traders. More importantly, the euro reflects the balance between the world’s two most influential central banks: the Federal Reserve and the European Central Bank.
As interest rate differentials narrow and fiscal dynamics shift on both sides of the Atlantic, there’s every reason to believe EUR/USD will experience prolonged and powerful trending phases, punctuated by strong reactions to economic data and central bank signals.
In 2026, shifts in growth expectations, inflation trajectories, and political developments in both regions will keep this pair highly active, making EUR/USD a preferred option for traders who value stability, transparency, and adaptability across all trading styles.
Perfect Assets to Trade in 2026
These five markets unite their relevance on a global stage, and the responsiveness of these markets to macroeconomic and geopolitical events. Markets traded in gold, silver, oil, US indices, and the currency pair EUR/USD include the combination of markets most traders seek: deep liquidity, clear structure, and meaningful volatility.
On the JustMarkets trading platform, these instruments excel because of the optimal trading conditions offered, ensuring effective active trading. Tight spreads, fast execution of orders, as well as high leverage of up to 3000, enable traders to react swiftly to key market drivers, such as central bank statements or inflation figures, as well as geopolitical events.
E-Business
Firm Detected a Scam Exploiting OpenAI’s Teamwork Features

Kaspersky has detected a scam tactic leveraging the OpenAI platform. Attackers are abusing OpenAI’s organisation creation and team invitation features to send spam emails from legitimate OpenAI addresses, potentially tricking users into clicking scam links or calling fraudulent phone numbers.

The spam campaign begins with attackers registering an account on the OpenAI platform. During registration, users are prompted to enter an organisation name, which can consist of any combination of symbols. Scammers exploit this by embedding deceptive text and fraudulent links or phone numbers directly into the field for organisation name itself.
Once the “organisation” is created, OpenAI provides an option to “invite your team,” allowing the input of target email addresses of victims. When invitations are sent, they originate from OpenAI’s address, making them appear fully legitimate from a technical standpoint.
Kaspersky detected several types of messages containing email threats sent in such a way. These are scam emails that promote fraudulent offers, such as adult services. Another attack angle is vishing – false notifications claiming a subscription has been renewed for a large sum: attackers instruct recipients to call a provided phone number to “cancel” the charge or take other actions that lead to further compromise. There may also be other email threats spreading via OpenAI platform.
The text that the attackers want the victims to read (highlighted in bold in the email template) is structurally inconsistent with the rest of the email template – which was originally designed to invite project collaborators. But the attackers bet on the fact that the victims would not pay attention.
“This case highlights a vulnerability in how platform features can be weaponised for social engineering email attacks. By embedding deceptive elements in seemingly innocuous fields like organisation names, scammers attempt to bypass traditional email filters and exploit user trust in reputable services.
“We urge all users to verify invitations carefully and avoid clicking embedded links without scrutiny. We also recommend brands to consider whether their online services or platforms could be abused by attackers,” comments Anna Lazaricheva, senior spam analyst at Kaspersky.
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