Telecom
A Call to Revamp CDMA Operations

Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), a second generation telecommunications standard pioneered by chip maker Qualcomm, uses spread spectrum techniques and is globally acknowledged as the better technology compared to Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM).
GSM, thanks to its wide adoption in Nigeria, Africa and indeed across the globe, gained critical mass subscription, out-edging CDMA and became the dominant standard for 2G telecommunications all over the globe and currently moving to 5G. But in countries like America and Japan, CDMA still managed to find a firm footing and they are better for it.
CDMA is preferred as better technology compared to GSM, given its inherent quality in terms of data speed and capacity. There is no gainsaying that telecommunications network providers are seriously focusing on data services hence the revenue shares from voice has reduced, substantially.
CDMA in Nigeria and Why they Failed
It is pertinent to note that CDMA as a technology managed to find a use case in Nigeria at the time it stood for wired landline connections. Recall, the first set of Private Telephone Operators (PTO) in Nigeria offered services via the CDMA technology. Multi-Links Telecommunications Limited was the first to begin operations in 1998 while the likes of VGC Communications, Intercellular, Mobitel and EMIS were the preferred networks of many Nigerians in the early days of the telecom revolution.
Then, a particular GSM entrant had exorbitant call rates with SIM cards being sold as high as N40, 000 upon entry. But, a number of issues worked against the spread of CDMA networks since the GSM licensing in 2001.
The inability to have the same interconnect charges and failure to convince investors in the interconnect space, that, since CDMA required lesser spectrum than GSM, they should be allowed to provide full fledged CDMA services on the spectrum they got for WLL. That is just one case out of many. Well, the recent acquisition of Visafone by MTN Nigeria may have sounded the long awaited death knell on CDMA operators in Nigeria.
Yes, MTN acquisition of Visafone, meant the services could be spread to a wider coverage area, using the spectrum (800GHz) on fourth generation equipment (4G LTE). However, it may not be yet uhuru. For instance, can you compare subscribing to CDMA broadband service for a year with that of the GSM? While the CDMA helps to ensure stability in your business which depended largely on internet access these days, tethering your phone in order to GSM phone internet connection would bill for every kilobyte and has proved to be a very expensive option. CDMA would have saved us some headache in this time of recession.
CDMA leverages several transmitters and can send information simultaneously over a single communication channel. It uses spread spectrum technology allowing many users to occupy the same space time and frequency allocations in a given band/space. Unlike GSM, CDMA does not assign a specific frequency channel or time slot to each user but instead individual conversations are encoded with a pseudo-random digital sequence.
It is widely acknowledged CDMA showcases better technology compared to alternative technologies such as GSM and is also believed to be more cost effective for operators as the CDMA capacity advantage leads to lower tariffs. Had it this been the case, the Minister of Communications, Barrister Adebayo Shittu and his lieutenants at the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC), probably, would have had a safe-sail in pushing for increased data-floor which generated much debate late last year.
During its dominant era, the CDMA operators unleashed excellent voice clarity for both local and international traffics; clearly identified lines and locations, while their data quality were often been described as first rate.
Many are still at lost over the causes of CDMA demise in Nigeria. As we speak, they are at the verge of extinction with less than 1.5million subscribers in a market where there are over 216million connected telephone lines, according to NCC statistics, with about 154million active lines. Out of the number, GSM operators account for about 152million lines. Fixed wired/wireless operators have less than 200,000 lines.
A close look at the Nigerian Telecommunications industry, as an industry analyst would put it, “one can deduce that the business model of the average Nigerian CDMA operator made it unable to compete on the same platform with GSM service providers. Almost all the CDMA operators where locally developed, with no international investors or technical partners involved in the management of their service”.
This is backed up with the fact, GSM providers- MTN, Airtel (formerly Econet, Celtel), Globacom and Etisalat due to their size and international affiliations were able to attract financing and support from foreign banks and international finance brokers. The CDMAs’ woes reached the crescendo as, financial institutions repulsed by the companies’ stinking financial records, turned their backs, preferring to fund GSM operators with proven corporate practice.
Another factor that could have worked against the CDMA operators could be there network spread, most of them were located in urban cities like Abuja and Lagos, extending their services to other regions or cities meant going back to the regulator for additional spectrum which usually came at a cost. The guidelines on their licensing hindered their spread.
Others believe that market forces like stiffer competition and the tough business climate in the country made co-location impossible in the early day thus operators had to build and maintain their telecom infrastructure across the country. Unfortunately, the industry was skewed against infrastructure sharing, by that; they shot themselves in the leg. This singular act, it is believed, signaled the present NCC’s InfraCo arrangement, where issue around co-location is industry approved.
Simply put that the inability of CDMA operators to spread massively in the beginning compared to their GSM counterparts stifled innovation, and formed the major impediment to their growth.
Way Forward
The regulator seems to have created a monster (monopoly) that will, sooner or later, turn against the market. How do we mean? Pundits predicted that in the near future, mobile operators on different platforms including GSM and CDMA will migrate to the Long Term Evolution (LTE). With LTE operators will get a speed of up to 37.5MB per second on the device as against the 3.1MB that is currently available on the 3G networks.
It is no longer news MTN acquired Visafone to access the 800 MHz spectrum band, which enabled it launch 4G LTE services. Recall, in 2007, VGC Communications Limited (VGCCL), a Lagos-based Private Telephone Operator licensed by NCC to provide cabling and radio, telephone services nationwide and had laid extensive fibre optic cables, and Internet service provision, was bought by MTN Nigeria. In other words, MTN is in a position to be a single dominant player in the voice and data markets in Nigeria’s telecommunications industry.
The question in the minds of many in the light of recent developments is ‘how will the CDMA sector thrive if it is not proactively encouraged by the NCC to do so?”
There could be hope for CDMA, especially, if they are encouraged through the Universal Service Provision Funds (USPF) to deploy services in rural areas, because 3G technology performs better on CDMA. It will be a double-win for the government which is pushing for financial inclusion at the rural areas.
The CDMAs with best spectrum to reach the hinter lands can be very valuable in that regard. For those that will be stationed at the urban centre, they can help power the Point of Sale (POS) Terminals, the key driver of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) cashless policy initiative; it works better with the CDMA technology than with the GSM technology.
Thus, is it expected the government through the NCC can give the CDMA operators a favourable licensing environment so as to continue operations, because there have been at least six CDMA operators in Nigeria from Multi-Links to Starcomms who have either exited the market or folded up citing unfavourable business conditions as a cause. It is heartbreaking that in 2001, there were 12 CDMA operators in the country and at 2016 none is viable. Remember, the death of a CDMA operator implies job loss, revenue loss to the nation and in a move towards monopoly.
Telecom
Telcos Bleed Loses in Billions as Thieves and Vandals Destruct Infrastructure

Telecommunications operators in Nigeria are waxing worriedly over the increasing activities of vandals and thieves who are cutting fiber optic cable, stealing generators and batteries.

According to the operators, the activities of the vandals and thieves have led to degrading quality of service (QoS)- prolonged network downtimes, high rates of dropped calls, and slow internet speeds.
It also directly lead to poor voice quality, interrupted data services, and failures in critical, time-sensitive applications like banking.
According to figures by the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC), the losses run into billions of naira as more than 650 power-related assets were stolen in 2025.
These include; stolen generators, batteries, and other power equipment essential to the operation of base stations across the country, where unreliable electricity supply makes off-grid power systems central to network stability.
Association of Telecommunications Companies of Nigeria (ATCON) said that the scale of theft has shifted the challenge from operational disruption to what it described as an existential threat to the sector.
Tony Emoekpere, president, ATCON, told Punch that operators are now responding largely in a defensive mode, combining physical security upgrades with technological monitoring and redesigning how sites are powered and secured.
“Operators are responding, but largely in a defensive mode,” he said.
“What you’re seeing now is a combination of increased physical security, technology deployment, and changes to how sites are designed and powered.”
Measures include increased deployment of site security guards, collaboration with local vigilante groups, reinforced base station enclosures, and wider use of remote monitoring systems that allow operators to detect tampering in real time.
Operators are also shifting away from easily removable components, such as standalone batteries, toward more integrated and hybrid power systems.
However, ATCON said even solar and hybrid infrastructure is now being targeted by thieves.
“We are spending more to protect infrastructure than we should, and that is not sustainable,” Emoekpere said.
The impact of the theft is already being felt across Nigeria’s telecom network, with operators reporting site shutdowns that translate directly into service deterioration.
“When you lose generators and batteries at that scale, what it means in practical terms is that sites go down,” Emoekpere said.
“And when sites go down, you immediately see increased call drops, poorer voice quality, and slower or completely unavailable data services.”
ATCON said subscribers are already bearing the brunt of the disruption, even if they are unaware of its underlying cause.
The association warned that the financial impact runs into billions of naira annually, with operators currently absorbing much of the cost.
However, it said the losses are increasingly feeding into broader industry economics.
“These losses run into billions of naira annually. While operators are absorbing a lot of it for now, it inevitably feeds into the overall cost structure of the industry,” Emoekpere said.
Telecom
Amazon Satellite to Challenge Starlink in Africa with Globalstar Acquisition

Amazon is in advanced negotiations for a blockbuster $9 billion acquisition deal of satellite communications firm Globalstar. The multi-billion-dollar strategic move is aimed at fast-tracking its low-Earth orbit ambitions and directly challenging Elon Musk’s Starlink dominance, especially in fast-growing African connectivity markets.

The talks, which remain fluid, are understood to be focused on structuring the deal around spectrum rights and Globalstar’s existing satellite infrastructure.
However, the Financial Times of India reports that a deal is imminent, although negotiations are “complex and not yet finalised.”
The one major sticking point is Apple’s 20% stake in Globalstar, which adds a layer of corporate tension to the deal.
If completed, the acquisition would significantly accelerate Amazon’s satellite internet rollout under its Project Kuiper, now branded Leo, initiative, which was formally expanded in Africa 11 months ago as part of its push to connect underserved regions with high-speed broadband.
Amazon has already begun launching Kuiper satellites, but with just over 180 in orbit, it remains far behind Starlink’s more than 7 000 operational satellites.
A Globalstar executive, speaking on background, said the company “does not comment on speculation,” while Amazon has also declined to confirm the talks.
Starlink, operated by SpaceX, already has an expanding footprint across Africa, with services active in countries including Nigeria, Kenya, Rwanda, Mozambique, and parts of Southern Africa.
Its low-latency broadband has become critical for remote schools, mining operations, and rural fintech infrastructure.
But despite its rapid rollout, Starlink still faces regulatory delays and licensing hurdles in several African markets, giving rivals a window of opportunity to grab a chunk of the lucrative sector across the continent.
Amazon’s potential acquisition of Globalstar would immediately strengthen its African positioning.
Globalstar already holds spectrum authorisations and partnerships in markets such as South Africa, Rwanda, Mozambique, and Gabon, where it has focused on enterprise connectivity, conservation tracking, and industrial IoT solutions.
This existing footprint could give Amazon a regulatory shortcut into markets where Starlink has spent years negotiating approvals.
Telecom
Tosin Eniolorunda, ALX Host Entrepreneurship Masterclass for 100 Female Business Owners

Tosin Eniolorunda, Group CEO of Moniepoint Inc., has delivered on a commitment that demonstrates his fidelity to deepen financial literacy among women business owners in Nigeria.

Tosin Eniolorunda
In partnership with ALX, Eniolorunda hosted a four-hour virtual Entrepreneurship Masterclass bringing together 100 female business owners for a hands-on session designed to move them from petty trading to building valuable enterprises.
The masterclass was structured around three practical modules: The Model, The Money, and The Plan with each session facilitated by a subject matter expert and anchored in live, guided exercises rather than passive instruction.
Participants also completed a one-page Lean Canvas draft, worked through
Tosin Eniolorunda, ALX Host Entrepreneurship Masterclass for 100 Female Business Owners
Tosin Eniolorunda, Group CEO of Moniepoint Inc., has reinforced his commitment to advancing financial literacy among women entrepreneurs in Nigeria through a strategic partnership with ALX.
The collaboration culminated in a four-hour virtual Entrepreneurship Masterclass that brought together 100 female business owners for an intensive, hands-on learning experience aimed at transitioning participants from small-scale trading to building sustainable, high-value enterprises.
The masterclass was structured around three practical modules—The Model, The Money, and The Plan—each facilitated by subject matter experts and delivered through live, guided exercises rather than traditional lecture formats.
Participants developed a one-page Lean Canvas, worked through pricing and profit calculators to determine break-even points and profitability drivers, and concluded the session by drafting a 30-60-90 day execution roadmap with defined weekly actions and measurable KPIs.
At the end of the programme, each participant received a comprehensive resource pack to support continued application of the tools and frameworks introduced during the training.
A key module focused on building scalable business models, guiding participants through customer segmentation, problem identification, value proposition design, and distribution channels. Additional sessions addressed pricing strategies and financial fundamentals, equipping attendees with practical knowledge to better understand their finances and make informed growth decisions.
Iwalola Sobowale, Director of Customer Experience and Market Research at Moniepoint, led a dedicated product session, showcasing the company’s suite of business tools spanning payments, banking, and operations management. Particular emphasis was placed on Moniebook, designed to enable smarter and more efficient business operations.
The initiative aligns with Eniolorunda’s long-held view that financial inclusion must go beyond access to financial services. Speaking at the International Financial Inclusion Conference 2024 organised by the Central Bank of Nigeria, he stressed that financial inclusion for women should not be treated as a mere buzzword or checklist, but must be grounded in data-driven economic participation.
Research continues to highlight that women-owned businesses often demonstrate stronger repayment behaviour and higher financial engagement when provided with appropriate tools, reinforcing the economic and social case for investing in female entrepreneurship.
Speaking on the initiative, Eniolorunda said: “We’re at a point where technology can significantly accelerate business growth, but access alone isn’t enough. What matters is giving entrepreneurs the knowledge and confidence to use these tools effectively. This masterclass is about equipping women with insights they can apply immediately to grow their businesses.”
ALX, a pan-African technology and professional skills training platform, continues to play a key role in developing the next generation of African leaders through practical, industry-relevant programmes.
The initiative also supports United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 5 on Gender Equality, particularly targets focused on enhancing women’s participation in economic life and expanding access to financial services and quality education.
It further builds on Eniolorunda’s broader interventions in the space, including programmes by the Tosin Eniolorunda Foundation aimed at improving financial literacy among female STEM students at Obafemi Awolowo University—reflecting his belief that sustainable financial inclusion is anchored on strong financial literacy.
h a pricing and profit calculator to identify their break-even points and profitability levers, and closed the session by drafting a personal 30-60-90 day execution roadmap with weekly actions and measurable KPIs. Every participant left with a resource pack to continue applying the tools after the session.
One of the modules involved guiding participants through the fundamentals of building a scalable business model with a focus on customer definition, problem articulation, value proposition, and channels while others focused on pricing and financial fundamentals, equipping participants with the confidence to understand their numbers and make informed decisions about growth.
Iwalola Sobowale, Director of Customer Experience and Market Research at Moniepoint, addressed participants during a dedicated product session, walking them through how Moniepoint’s suite of tools which span payments, business banking, and operations management with a particular focus on Moniebook to support smarter, more efficient business growth.
This Masterclass reflects Eniolorunda’s long-standing position that the work of inclusion does not end at access. At the 2024 International Financial Inclusion Conference convened by the Central Bank of Nigeria, he argued that financial inclusion for women “must no longer be treated as a buzzword, charitable social activity or a checklist to be marked, averring that it must be rooted in economic and business activities that are well underlined by data.”
Research consistently shows that women-owned businesses demonstrate stronger repayment discipline and higher financial engagement when given access to the right tools, making investment in women entrepreneurs both a moral and economic imperative. “It is actually more profitable to serve women,” Eniolorunda has said.
Speaking on the imperative of the initiative, he noted: “We’re at a point where technology can significantly accelerate business growth, but access alone isn’t enough.
“What matters is giving entrepreneurs the knowledge and confidence to use these tools effectively. This masterclass is about equipping women with insights they can apply immediately to grow their businesses.”
ALX, the project partner is a pan-African technology and professional skills training platform committed to developing the next generation of African leaders through world-class, practically grounded programmes.
The initiative sits within the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 5 on Gender Equality, specifically its targets around women’s full and effective participation in economic life and expanding access to financial services and quality education for women entrepreneurs.
It builds on Eniolorunda’s broader record in this space, including the Tosin Eniolorunda Foundation’s financial literacy programme for female STEM students at Obafemi Awolowo University which has its root in his belief that “there can be no sustainable financial inclusion without financial literacy as its cornerstone.”
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