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E-Financial

CBN Tightens Control of Identity Database to Check Fraud

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Online payments reached record heights in Nigeria in the third quarter of 2020, when the value of transactions increased to $116 billion from $68.3 billion in the same period in 2019.

CBN Tightens Control of Identity Database to Check Fraud

But this welcome jump came with a staggering increase in financial fraud.

According to Quartz Africa, between January and September 2020, fraudsters made over 46,000 attempts on customer accounts, three times the level for the same period the year before. 91% of those attempts succeeded.

In the 9 months between January and September 2020, fraudsters stole N5 billion ($12 million) from customer accounts (pdf), the equivalent of 173,000 Nigerian workers’ minimum wage for a month.

The trend sets Nigeria back as it pivots to a cashless financial system that was, among other things, motivated by a desire to prevent financial fraud.

In response, Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has published new guidelines this week to tighten the screws around the system behind the unique 11-digital bank verification numbers (BVNs) that identify bank customers.

And by doing so, the regulator is upgrading its watchlist to more easily track offenders.

CBN is safeguarding a crucial fintech backbone

Since Nigeria introduced BVNs in 2014, every bank customer has been mandated to get one, except for entry-level accounts that have a N50,000 (about $100) maximum deposit limits. Customers provide personal biodata, and biometrics at a bank branch or through an agent to a BVN.

As of April 2020, there were 41 million BVNs in Nigeria. Since a customer can only have one regardless of how many bank accounts, it is the best proxy for knowing how many Nigerians are included in the formal financial system. BVNs are arguably the foundational identity instruments that have enabled Nigeria’s fintech boom, especially because no trusted digital identity standard existed before them.

But the CBN and other key actors responsible for managing the BVN database—namely banks, and the Nigeria Inter-bank Settlement Scheme (NIBSS)—appear to have been lax in managing the BVN database over the years.

Anecdotes and at least one research study suggest that fraudsters have used customer BVNs to steal money from unsuspecting customers.

Fraud was so pervasive that some fintechs, including Paystack, were cut off from having access to the database in April.

With the new guidelines, the CBN clarifies the kind of companies with access to the database and under what terms.

Banks are central to Nigeria’s financial watchlist

Banks, and other Nigerian financial institutions that are not payment service providers can access the BVN database, without the CBN’s approval.

This covers digital banking startups like Carbon, Fairmoney, and Kuda which have requisite banking licenses that qualify them.

But payment service providers like Paystack, and credit bureaus need access from NIBSS, and even then customers’ consent is required.

If a breach is associated with the operation of your account/wallet, you agree that we have the right to apply restrictions to your account/wallet and report to appropriate law enforcement agencies in line with extant laws.

But for the privilege they are given, banks will have to be central to populating the CBN’s watchlist, which is basically a record of the BVNs of customers who have been involved in confirmed cases of breaches.

Banks have to report such customers’ BVNs to the watchlist within one business day, the CBN said.

In addition, bank apps will be plugged to the watchlist so that anyone who wants to run a check during a transaction can know the status of an account.

In fact, banks will start showing a disclaimer along these lines to customers:

“If a breach is associated with the operation of your account/wallet, you agree that we have the right to apply restrictions to your account/wallet and report to appropriate law enforcement agencies in line with extant laws.”

What counts as a breach?

Because the CBN has shut down accounts this year for reasons like trading cryptocurrency or enabling dollar-denominated stock investing, a watchlist that punishes customer offenses raises some eyebrows.

It is probably why the CBN lists 23 so-called breaches in the new guidelines.

The list includes obviously problematic acts like using forged documents, identity theft, extortion, receipt of fraudulent proceeds, and refusing to reverse payments received in error when asked to. Some others are more nebulous, like “dishonest acts.”

When banks report customers for any of these, NIBSS will host and secure the database of offending BVNs.


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E-Financial

SEC Working on Stablecoin Regulation Framework

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Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is working with developers to establish a regulatory framework for stablecoins, according to Dr. Emomotimi Agama, director-general, SEC.

SEC Working on Stablecoin Regulation Framework

Agama made this announcement during his keynote speech at the 2025 Decentralized Finance (DeFi) Conference.

Agama said the SEC’s commitment is to foster a responsible decentralized finance environment.

“The commission believes responsible DeFi can thrive in a regulated environment,” he said, highlighting the SEC’s efforts to enhance investor education through its “Crypto Smart, Nigeria Strong” initiative.

The program aims to educate young investors across schools, universities, and social media on blockchain basics, scam detection, and long-term investing benefits.

The SEC is also focusing on regulatory evolution, with plans to streamline its licensing regime.

“We are enhancing our licensing architecture to make it more efficient, more transparent, and more risk-based,” Agama noted.

The commission is exploring a framework for naira-pegged stablecoins, backed by verifiable reserves and audited by independent custodians, to facilitate cross-border trade and programmable finance.

It is also reviewing pathways for digital asset Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs), custodial wallets for pension funds, and tokenized securities for institutional investors.

 

 


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E-Financial

CBN Issues Transitional Guidance, Says Banks are Healthy

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Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has introduced time-bound measures for a small number of banks still completing their transition from the temporary regulatory support provided.

CBN Issues Transitional Guidance, Says Banks are Healthy

The CBN stated yesterday that this step is a response to the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

This step, the CBN said, is part of its broader, sequenced strategy to implement the recapitalisation programme announced in 2023.

CBN disclosed that the programme, which aligns with Nigeria’s long-term growth ambitions, has already led to significant capital inflows and balance sheet strengthening across the sector.

It said most banks have either completed or are on track to meet the new capital requirements well before the final implementation deadline of March 31, 2026.

It added that the measures announced apply only to a limited number of banks saying that these include temporary restrictions on capital distributions, such as dividends and bonuses, to support the retention of internally generated funds and bolster capital adequacy.

A statement by Mrs Hakama Sidi Ali, acting director, Corporate Communication of the apex bank,  explained that all the affected banks have been formally notified and remain under close supervisory engagement.

“To support a smooth transition, the CBN has allowed limited, time-bound flexibility within the capital framework, consistent with international regulatory norms. Nigeria generally maintains Risk-Based Capital requirements that are significantly more stringent than the global Basel III minimums.

“These adjustments reflect a well-established supervisory process consistent with global norms. Regulators in the U.S., Europe, and other major markets have implemented similar transitional measures as part of post-crisis reform efforts,” the bank stated.

It further added that it remains fully committed to continuous engagement with stakeholders throughout this period via the Bankers’ Committee, the Body of Bank CEOs, and other industry forums.

The goal is to ensure a transparent, predictable, and collaborative regulatory environment.

It assured that Nigeria’s banking sector remains fundamentally strong, explaining that the new measures are neither unusual nor cause for concern; they are a continuation of the orderly and deliberate implementation of reforms already underway.


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E-Financial

Loan Defaulters Risk Denial of Passport Renewal, Others-  CREDICORP

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Uzoma Nwagba, managing director, Nigeria Consumer Credit Corporation (CREDICORP), has announced that failure to repay loans may soon affect citizens’ access to essential services such as passport renewal, driver’s licence issuance, and even renting a home.

Loan Defaulters Risk Denial of Passport Renewal, Others-  CREDICORP

Nwagba disclosed this on Tuesday during a ‘Meet the Press’ session organised by the Presidential Media Team at the State House in Abuja.

According to the CREDICORP boss, the Federal Government was working to link individual credit scores directly to the National Identification Number (NIN), as part of efforts to build a centralised and reliable credit system across the country.

He said all loan providers, whether commercial banks, FinTechs, or microfinance institutions, will be mandated to report loan performance, ensuring every Nigerian has an accurate and traceable credit score.

“Maybe you want to renew your passport, but if something shows that you owe money somewhere, you may not be able to proceed,” he said.

“The same applies to renewing your driver’s license or renting a house. There is no hiding place.”

He clarified that the new policy will not be predatory but will impose subtle and structured consequences on defaulters.

“Whether your money is in a commercial bank, FinTech, or microfinance institution, loans taken and not repaid will be tracked and recoverable,” he added.

Nwagba explained that the goal was to ensure that every Nigerian is scored, using a structural algorithm that considers both financial and non-financial data.

CREDICORP’s mandate, he said, includes improving quality of life, reducing corruption driven by financial desperation, and strengthening local industries by enabling Nigerians to access consumer credit to buy locally made goods.

“The President has made it clear that improving lives is a top priority. If people can access credit responsibly, it reduces the pressure that pushes them into corruption or financial missteps. At the same time, it drives demand for Nigerian products and helps create jobs,” he stated.

The CREDICORP boss also revealed plans to roll out a nationwide consumer credit programme targeting 400,000 young Nigerians, beginning with National Youth Service Corps (NYSC) members under the YouthCred scheme.

According to him, the programme’s systems and platforms are fully set up, for imminent official launch.


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