Telecom
Choosing the Optimal Base Station Antennas
Opinion by Bo Jonsson, and Torbjörn Kämpe
The choice of antennas for base stations rarely receives any attention. Antennas are regarded as a cheap commodity that will “do its job” regardless of which antenna you choose.
Nothing could be further from the truth. Antennas have a tremendous impact on coverage, performance, capacity and efficiency, and choosing the right ones can make or break a mobile operator’s ability to cope with the rapidly increasing demand for data.
Looking at the installed base, one could get the impression that the obvious, or even optimal, choice for almost all sites would be the traditional 18 dBi antenna.
This antenna has 65° of horizontal beamwidth and around 6.5° of vertical beam width, as do about 80 percent of all installations on 1,700 to 2,100 MHz.
The 15 dBi antenna is still quite common, especially on the lower frequencies, with a vertical beam width of around 14°.
There are also high gain 21 dBi antennas and new so-called ultra high-efficiency antennas using air as dielectric and virtually eliminating power losses.
These antennas improve base stations’ transmission capacity, resulting in higher signal strength, an increase in geographical area coverage, improved indoor penetration, increased traffic, improved data throughput and reduced production costs per call.
One newly launched multiband antenna (by Swedish manufacturer CellMax Technologies) offers 21 dBi radiated power on the high band with 4° of vertical beam.
18 dBi antenna is chosen for historical reasons, not with forethought
How much forethought is behind the choice of 18 dBi antennas? The decision to use this antenna comes down to historical reasons.
The 18 dBi antenna was the highest gain available from antenna vendors able to deliver antennas in mass quantities, and was such an obvious choice that it became almost a de facto standard and installed almost without a second thought.
This was of course not without reasons; it was a good compromise and has served us all very well.
But the 18 dBi antenna does not deliver the highest gain anymore – high gain ultra high-efficiency antennas do.
The 18 dBi antenna was also always questioned both for its narrow vertical beam width and also its horizontal beam width of “only” 65°.
With data surpassing voice in new 3G and 4G mobile networks, interference is different and so must the antennas be to stay effective.
Most sectors would benefit significantly from an antenna with higher gain and a sharper upper roll-off curve than the standard 18 dBi can offer.
The choice of antenna depends on the individual situation
So what is the optimum antenna for all installations? The answer to this question is: “there is no such thing as an optimum antenna for all installations!”
It always depends on the situation. If there is a tall building nearby, a small antenna with lower gain like 15 dBi would do a good job. At a rural site with maximum coverage as the most important objective, a 21 dBi antenna is clearly the best option.
At suburban sites the focus shifts towards capacity, suppression of interference and less on coverage. In can be seen that a high gain antenna will provide a 3.5 dB stronger signal level in the center of the cell, and suppress interference from next cell better than the 18 dBi antenna.
The 3.5 dB extra will improve in-building coverage and data transfer speed. Also, the lower interference will improve C/I and further improve performance.
A high carrier-to-interference ratio (C/I) is the key parameter for efficiency, data rate and general success. So a high gain high efficiency antenna is again the best choice.
What about dense urban sites? After all, that is where most antennas are installed and the requirement is here to contain the signal within the cell while at the same time provide a very strong signal for good in-building penetration and high C/I for high speed data transfer.
Simulations and real-life tests show that there is a very sharp “cut off” at 650 meters from the high gain antenna at 6° tilt.
This will provide a significant reduction of interference and a magnificent control of soft handover load.
There is a remarkable difference between 5.5° and 6° which proves that antenna tilt is crucial to performance, and that antenna tilt setting is a precision job where a scale on a tilt bracket is far from accurate enough.
The high gain antenna still outperforms the 18 dBi antenna in dense urban sites and the sharper upper roll off is the main asset, actually even more important than the stronger signal level.
Going further in tilt it can be seen that the high gain antenna provides a stunning 5.5 dB stronger signal and even more in interference rejection from outside 450 meters.
That does wonders for soft handover overhead and data transfer speed. So again a clear win for the 21 dBi high gain antenna with very sharp upper roll off.
High gain, high efficiency the way to go
So in summary and if we generalize a bit, we can see that the 21 dBi antenna is a better choice in surprisingly many situations, for much the same reason as the 18 dBi antenna once replaced earlier antennas with lower gain.
They very often offer significant improvements to the traditional 18 dBi antennas. But they have a significantly more complex feeding network so the efficiency becomes a very important parameter.
After all, to extend and improve coverage requires more radiated radio frequency power, not less. So look not only for a high gain antenna, but also for a high efficiency antenna!
Bo Jonsson is senior Radio Frequency Expert, CellMax Technologies and Torbjörn Kämpe, is CEO, CellMax Technologies
Telecom
Airtel Africa Foundation Opens Undergraduate Scholarship Portal in Nigeria

The Airtel Africa Foundation has opened applications for its Undergraduate Tech Scholarship in Nigeria, inviting first-year university students with strong academic potential to apply for financial support aimed at accelerating their studies in technology and related fields.

The scheme provides full tuition, accommodation support, and essential study materials for eligible 100-level students. It forms part of the Foundation’s F.E.E.D. agenda, which promotes Financial Empowerment, Education, Environmental Protection, and Digital Inclusion, with a focus on creating pathways for talented young people who face financial barriers.
Airtel Nigeria CEO, Dinesh Balsingh, encouraged students to take advantage of the opportunity. He noted that, “Education is one of the most powerful tools for national development,” adding that “as an organisation, Airtel is determined to build a platform for aspiring young Nigerians to learn, innovate and lead in the country’s expanding technology landscape.”
Applications are open to students pursuing courses such as Information Technology, Computer Science, Software Engineering, Data Science, Cyber Security, Artificial Intelligence, and other ICT-related disciplines at participating universities: University of Lagos, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Ahmadu Bello University, University of Benin, Obafemi Awolowo University, University of Ilorin, and Tai Solarin University of Education.
Dr Segun Ogunsanya, Chairman of the Airtel Africa Foundation, said the scholarship demonstrates the organisation’s commitment to nurturing Africa’s next generation of digital leaders. “Young Africans are brimming with talent and ambition. What many need is a fair chance to pursue their education without financial pressure. This scholarship reflects our belief that investing in their growth will strengthen communities, empower families, and expand the continent’s digital future,” he said.
Applicants must be enrolled in 100-level, have scored at least 230 in JAMB, and hold a minimum of five credits in WAEC, including English and Mathematics, in a single sitting. Required documents include Joint Admissions and Matriculation Board (JAMB) results, university admission letter, West African Examination Council (WAEC) certificate, student identity card, and academic transcript or university results.
The Foundation encourages qualified students across the listed institutions to apply and position themselves for a stronger start in the technology sector. Applications can be submitted at candidate.scholastica.ng/schemes/airtelfellowship2025.
Telecom
YouTube Nigeria Unveils 2025’s Top Lists and Launches New YouTube Recap Feature

YouTube Nigeria on Wednesday released its official 2025 Top Lists, celebrating the nation’s leading music videos and creators, while also unveiling a new personalized feature called YouTube Recap.

YouTube
The lists highlight the explosive growth of Afrobeats, gospel, and Nollywood storytelling, underscoring Nigeria’s rising influence in global entertainment.
According to YouTube, the most-watched music video in Nigeria this year was No Turning Back II by Gaise Baba and Lawrence Oyor, followed by Shallipopi’s Laho and Davido’s With You featuring Omah Lay. Other artists on the Top 10 include Olamide, Asake, Rema, Chella, Wizkid, and Burna Boy.
On the creators’ side, Nollywood channels such as Omoni Oboli TV, Itelediconstudio, and Uchenna Mbunabo TV dominated the rankings, alongside comedy sensation Brain Jotter, who continues to attract millions of viewers with his skits.
Addy Awofisayo, YouTube’s Head of Music for Sub-Saharan Africa, said the lists reflect Nigeria’s “undeniable creative energy” and the global resonance of its artists and storytellers.
“From chart-topping music to must-watch Nollywood dramas, we’re proud that YouTube is the place where this talent can shine,” Awofisayo said.
The newly launched YouTube Recap feature offers users a personalized year-end summary of their viewing habits. It includes highlights such as top-watched channels, favorite topics, and a “Personality Type” card that categorizes viewers into one of 14 personas. It also reveals whether users rank among the top 25 per cent of fans for their favorite creators.
YouTube said the recap is accessible via a banner on the homepage of the app.
The company noted that the initiative aims to give Nigerians a fun and shareable way to celebrate the videos that defined their year
Telecom
COUCH 2025 Grand Finale Highlights Student Breakthroughs, Secures Government Pledge for University Research Commercialization

Coderina Education and Technology Foundation, in partnership with the National Universities Commission (NUC), successfully hosted the Grand Finale of the Coderina University Challenge (COUCH) 2025 at the NUC Auditorium, Abuja.

A cross section of attendees
The event gathered top government officials, university leaders, industry partners, and the ten finalist teams selected from over sixty-two initial entries nationwide.
This year’s challenge, themed “Circular Economy Through Technology” spotlighted the potential of Nigerian university students to develop scalable, tech-enabled solutions that address pressing national issues in sustainability, waste management, energy transition, and the circular economy.
The Grand Finale reaffirmed a consistent message shared across all keynote addresses: Nigeria must accelerate the movement of university research from shelves into practical innovation, commercialization, and industry adoption, a key driver of national development and economic growth.
In his opening address, Mr. Olufemi Niyi, chairman, Coderina Board of Directors, emphasized that university projects must not remain buried in archives.
He highlighted COUCH as a platform proving that research can become functional innovation.
Mr. Niyi called on donors, development partners, and private sector stakeholders to support COUCH as a sustainable national innovation pipeline and encouraged investors to channel resources into skills development and technology innovation among youth.
In his keynote address, Dr. Kingsley Tochukwu, the minister of Innovation, Science and Technology, commended the COUCH programme for its role in moving research “from the shelves to the marketplace,” a key priority under the ministry’s national innovation agenda.
He noted that the initiative exemplifies the type of collaboration and commercialization pipeline needed to unlock Nigeria’s scientific and technological potential.
He highlighted several priority areas critical to advancing the country’s innovation landscape:
“Strengthening Nigeria’s innovation ecosystem through coordinated national frameworks and partnerships; expanding digital innovation pathways to accelerate the adoption of emerging technologies, and building a tech-driven economy that delivers measurable value and global competitiveness”.
The Minister added that “Creating new opportunities for youth innovators, ensuring they are empowered to participate in and drive the innovation economy, are part of the key focus areas of the Ministry
He also expressed the Ministry’s readiness to partner with COUCH, Coderina, and the NUC to incubate and scale these student-led innovations.
Mallam Abdullahi Yusuf Ribadu, the executive secretary of NUC acknowledged the twelve universities nominated for the pilot edition by the commission.
He urged the finalists to use their prize money to advance entrepreneurship and technical skill development, reinforcing the NUC’s commitment to fostering innovation-driven learning across tertiary institutions.
In a remarkable commitment, the Minister donated five million naira to ‘Waste2Light’ from FUT Minna and announced an intention to collaborate with all ten finalist universities to support commercialization.
Dr. Tope Kolade Fasua, special address to the President on Economic Affairs, stated that technology remains the largest driver of global economic growth, stressing that Nigeria’s economic transformation is intertwined with youth innovation.
He commended Coderina and advised for greater visibility and national media outreach; creation of an innovation “museum or archive” for brilliant ideas, and the establishment of centers where theories and research can be turned into products.
He concluded that the future of Nigeria’s economy lies in the hands of today’s young innovators.
Professor Sa’adatu Hassan Liman, special guest at the programme and vice-chancellor, Nasarawa State University, delivering her address on “Sustainable National Transformation,” emphasized the need for stronger industry–university collaborations.
She also emphasized need for entrepreneurial university culture; digital literacy in emerging technologies such as AI, blockchain, IoT; adoption of virtual learning and remote laboratories, and inclusive innovation for underserved communities.
She highlighted AI as a catalyst for reimagining teaching and learning, including teacher retraining and curriculum enhancement.
The competition had two categories of prizes recognizing both technical excellence and public engagement.
Winners of the first category, The Challenge, based on pitch and prototype presentation was Team IMSU – Imo State University , taking home the star prize of ₦5,000,000; 2nd Place winners: Team Neuronaut Nile University Prize, ₦2,500,000, and 3rd Place – Team Waste2light from the Federal University of Technology, Minna: ₦1,500,000.
The People’s Choice Awards winners, based on social media engagement and public voting, are Team ADSU Innovators – Adamawa State Uni.: ₦250,000; 2nd Place -Team Scraplink, Lagos State University: ₦150,000, and 3rd place – Team Circle from the Federal University of Technology, Akure, took home ₦100,000.
Giving COUCH overview, Ms. Christiana Anthony, the Project Lead, reaffirmed that COUCH is not merely a competition but a structured innovation development program.
She highlighted the strong collaboration between Coderina and the NUC, noting that the program has created a national pathway for students to design, build, test, and pitch solutions with real potential for commercialization.
The COUCH 2025 grand finale demonstrated Nigeria’s readiness to harness university-driven innovation as a catalyst for economic growth, job creation, and sustainable development.
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