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GSM Service Nine Years After

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Some 9 years ago Nigerians were looking forward to the dawn of a new era in view of the license granted to three operators then to render services at the 900MHz frequency spectrum with Global System for Mobile (GSM) communications technology.
This month of August marks Nine years since the country began the liberalization of telecommunications industry through adoption of this technology as a means of providing Nigerians communications tools.
The Nigerian telecommunications industry since then has experience significant growth, following the successful takeoff of the digital mobile telephone services, using GSM technology, from less than 500,000 active fixed telephone lines provided by Nigerian Telecommunications Limited (Nitel) and very few Private Telephone Operators (PTOs) as at mid 2001, to a population of over 120 million, the total number of connected fixed and mobile telephone lines increased to about 76 million both active and inactive lines early this year.
However the entrance of the GSM technology brought about such a revolutionary transformation that millions of Nigerians with no access to telecommunications now clutch mobile phones in their hands. It is common sight to see traders, fish sellers, hawkers, motorcycle riders among others using mobile phones. The staggering number of subscribers on three major GSM networks of MTN, Globacom, Zain and Etisalat as Nigeria celebrates nine years of operations of this technology, is a testimony to the hunger of Nigerians for communications.
It is clear that Nigeria cannot celebrate the growth recorded in the communications sphere without acknowledging the contributions of Engr. Ernest Ndukwe, immediate past executive vice chairman of the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC). Ndukwe has over the years emerged as the face of GSM in Nigeria through his transparent handling of the regulatory affairs of the telecoms sector.
Since February of 2001 when he supervise the auctioning of GSM license in the country, he conducted the affairs of the regulatory functions of the commission in such a way that other countries in Africa now come to Nigeria to understudy the regulatory processes that has seen the sector emerge as the largest and fastest growing in Africa and the 3rd fastest growth in the world.
Several research firms across the globe have commended the Nigerian government and Ndukwe, as one of the most sought-after telecom resource persons in the industry in Africa for an effective transparent and foreign investment attracting regimes in the continent. In spite of the challenges in the quality service characterized by drop calls, Ndukwe’s startling qualities as a regulator of note is still intact.
However, NCC had taken several measures to tackle the issues of quality service. One of the ways the NCC has shown that it was serious in tackling issues of quality of service was in the area of enforcing its regulatory powers to stop operators from further promos that has been a major cause of network congestion witnessed few years ago. By that action, the NCC sent a massage that no operator is above the law and that they must conform to measures that will save the sector from further deterioration due to their poor service delivery. The commission had also procured equipment that enables it monitor congestion and service quality of the various networks in the country, and therefore periodically publishes network performance of operators.
It also ensured that operators paid their subscribe compensation for poor quality of service experience on the network.
Benefits
In the last nine years, since the GSM revolution started in the country, a lot of benefits have been enjoyed by the Nigerian subscriber who was hitherto at the mercy of the almost nonexistent but epileptic service rendered by the Nigerian Telecommunications (Nitel). Since then, the monopoly of non effective service rendered by Nitel has been broken and communication across regions enhanced by GSM thus encouraging the socio economic growth of the nation. It is an indubitable fact that effective communication is crucial and cannot be overemphasized in the socio economic development of a nation. With a teledensity presently below 65% and a subscriber base of 76 million as at the end of April, one could say that a feat has been achieved by the GSM revolution in connecting Nigerians to a critical service given the fact that before the advent of GSM, teledesity was less than 4% and only about five hundred thousand Nigerians had access to telephony service in a nation of over a hundred million people.
Then having a telephone was a class issue and only the rich could afford the luxury and the muscle to withstand the stress of Nitel technicians who used to hold subscribers to ransom at every little opportunity. Then it was common sight to see the technicians asking for ladder, cables and all sorts to fix a line anytime a problem arises, it was indeed a nightmare. One could easily recall the stress of keeping vigil at the office of Nitel in a bid to make calls and be confronted with the common problem of no tone come back tomorrow and so on. But thanks to president Obasanjo and the coming of GSM all that is now history.
The GSM revolution has indeed contributed over 80 percent of $18 billion foreign direct investment. It has also stimulated local investment and increased job opportunities. It is common scene in urban areas as well as rural areas where there is coverage for young men and women sitting under an umbrella provided for them by GSM operators making calls for people at a token. This umbrella call centre initiative is today providing food to greater percentage of unemployed Nigerians, aside this are others who are trading in recharge cards and other products of GSM operators.
The benefit of GSM technology is enormous and still increasing as it gets expanded, we may not easily forget that Nigerians are now turning to GSM engineers, and there are young countrymen and women who eke out their living through repair of mobile handsets.
The popular Otigba computer village is no longer computer village in its sense as the sales of mobile handset has almost taken over business at the market.
The revolution has also indirectly stimulated development and vibrancy of some sectors of the economy, such sectors are leveraging on the technology deployed by GSM operators to provide services to their customers.
A case in point is the banking sector which gives customers the opportunity to monitor and carry out transactions on the move through their mobile phones. Automated teller machines (ATM) deployed by banks are working with the help of GSM General package radio service (GPRS) deployed by operators.
There has been an increased turnover for advertising and marketing communication services basically because of the GSM operators that use the channel often times to reach their subscribers during campaign for more subscribers.
Challenges
In spite of the benefits, Nigerians are enjoying from the advert of GSM technology, the operators are not finding it a world of roses in rendering services. The much talked about poor quality of services is a function of weak infrastructure base; operators have been powering their equipment with generators which are not the case in most environments. This is attributed to inefficient public power system.
Nigeria CommunicationsWeek investigations revealed that the four major operators in this space, MTN, Glomobile, Zain and Etisalat are powering their over 22,000 base transceiver stations with 44,000 generators. They are also providing security for their equipment which has not deterred unscrupulous Nigerians from stealing these generators and diesel. Operators are losing an average of two generators daily and over a million litres of diesel to theft. This is indeed a huge lost to bear by operators.
There is also the problem of area boys. One of the operators has had to shut down one of its sites in Lagos due to incessant demand of huge settlement by area boys. In the Niger Delta area, one of the operators reported that over 30 of its sites have become inaccessible due to activities of militant youths, who have refused them to refuel or maintain the sites except they parted with huge sum of money. It is unfair on the GSM operators, who unlike the oil companies are not taking any natural resources but are building telecommunications infrastructure around the country.
Operators are also faced with multiple taxation imposed on their equipment by different tiers of government, Abuja Capital Development Authority had sometime imposed N3 million annual fee on each base station in the metropolis. More so Association of Licensed Telecommunications Operators of Nigerian (Alton), the umbrella body of the telecom operators, are in count with Lagos State government over the later imposition of N500,000 fee per base station in the state.
However, events in the recent past suggest that other federal government agencies as well as states are now making effort to usurp NCC’s function in the telecommunications industry which is unknown to the country’s law.
It has become a common practice for any government agency be it federal or state to solicits for one levy or the other from operators while some seek that operators secure approval from them which comes with a fee before they can build infrastructure.
The regulatory body also needs to ensure that competition is enshrined in all market segments of the sector as well as maintain favorable regulatory and investment climate, required for the protection of customers. This is necessary in view of anti competitive behavior of some GSM operators.
The next phase of telecommunications growth will come from expanding coverage to the rural areas. With a 60 percent of the country being covered with Telecommunication services, it is obvious that a huge gap needs to be tapped and already the focus for now by stakeholders and investors is on the rural communities.
Foreign investors are showing enthusiasm to come to Nigeria and do business mostly as a result of the fact that in spite of the infrastructural problems posed by lack of power, roads among others, Nigeria has a high return on investments rate. It is a fertile ground for any investor to recoup their investments in the short possible time; this is because of its population. The country has witnessed higher investments in the urban areas with lower investments in the rural areas by telecom operators. In other to bridge this gap, telecommunications and internet services need to deployed services to the rural areas which will solve the problem of rural to urban drift.
The NCC under Dr. Eugene Juwah, should not relent in its efforts of playing its regulatory functions in an effective manner. Nigeria has a lot to gain and cannot afford to lose sight of the fact that an effective regulatory environment has to a large extent helped in steering the ship of the nation’s telecoms revolution.
As Nigeria celebrates this nine year of Global System for Mobile communication (GSM), subscribers await the introduction of number portability which is believed will in no small measure help to address the quality of service issues.
NCC needs to be commended for rising up to the challenges of regulation, especially with SIM registration, call centre initiative, consumer parliament and its current effort at ensuring that physically challenged group in the society are fairly treated by operators.

 


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NITDA Charts Path for Kano as Innovation Hub

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Mallam Kashifu Inuwa Abdullahi, Director-General of the National Information Technology Development Agency (NITDA), has called for a fundamental shift in Kano State’s economic strategy, urging stakeholders to embrace innovation, technology and collaboration as the drivers of growth in the 21st century.

NITDA Charts Path for Kano as Innovation Hub

Mallam Kashifu Inuwa Abdullahi, Director-General of the National Information Technology Development Agency (NITDA)

This is contained in a press statement e-authored by the Director of Corporate Communications & External Relations at NITDA, Hajia Hadiza Umar.

Speaking at the Kano Startup Weekend, Mallam Abdullahi acknowledged Kano’s long-standing reputation as the commercial nerve centre of Northern Nigeria and the wider Sahelian region, noting that its history of trade, enterprise and human capital provided a solid foundation for future growth.

Abdullahi emphasised that while these strengths powered Kano’s success for centuries, the modern economy now offered even greater opportunities through innovation and technology.

He described innovation as the process of transforming ideas into impactful solutions through commercialization, stressing that when ideas were effectively deployed, they created value, solved societal challenges and generated sustainable economic growth.

He noted that Kano’s large market, strategic location and vibrant entrepreneurial culture placed it in a strong position to take advantage of innovation-driven opportunities.

According to him, “Innovation is the process of taking an idea from inception to impact. Invention on its own is a cost centre, but when you commercialise an idea, when you turn it into a product or service that solves a real problem and creates value, that is when you begin to drive economic growth and inclusion.”

He noted that the state hosted numerous degree-awarding institutions across federal, state and private ownership, providing a strong base for human capital development.

However, the NITDA DG expressed concern that these institutions often operated in isolation from industry, with research outputs rarely translating into commercial or industrial applications.

He explained that innovation did not happen in silos and stressed the need for a strong, interconnected ecosystem that brought together academia, industry, startups, entrepreneurs and government.

According to him, universities should conduct research informed by industry needs, industries should leverage research to improve productivity and competitiveness, and startups should serve as the bridge that converted ideas into market-ready solutions.

The NITDA boss further encouraged entrepreneurs to leverage technology to build businesses that could grow beyond local markets, explaining that innovation-driven enterprises had the power to scale rapidly, create jobs and position Kano competitively at both national and global levels.

According to him, digital platforms and emerging technologies now made it easier for startups to reach wider markets and develop solutions that were previously unimaginable.

“You can start your business here in Kano, but your thinking must be global from day one. Technology has removed barriers. With the right skills and platforms, a startup in Kano can build solutions that serve not just Nigeria, but the world,” he noted.

Highlighting NITDA’s ongoing interventions, its Director-General outlined the Agency’s commitment to building national innovation capacity through targeted human capital development programmes.

He cited the Digital Literacy for All (DL4ALL) initiative, which aimed to equip Nigerians across all segments of society with essential digital skills, and the 3 Million Technical Talents (3MTT) programme, designed to produce a pipeline of globally competitive technical professionals in areas such as software development, data analysis and emerging technologies.

He said, “Through DL4ALL, we are ensuring that Nigerians at all levels have the basic digital skills needed to participate in the digital economy, while 3MTT is deliberately building a pipeline of globally competitive technical talents who can drive innovation, create jobs and attract investment.”

Abdullahi explained that these programmes were key pillars of President Bola Ahmed Tinubu’s Renewed Hope Agenda, which prioritised skills development, innovation, job creation and inclusive economic growth as pathways to national prosperity.

According to him, empowering Nigerians with digital and technical skills was essential for building a resilient economy capable of competing in the global digital landscape.

“President Tinubu’s Renewed Hope Agenda is about investing in people, empowering them with relevant skills and creating opportunities for inclusive growth.

“At NITDA, we are using digital skills and innovation as tools to translate that vision into real economic impact for Nigerians,” he said.

The NITDA boss urged all stakeholders in Kano to work together to build a functional innovation ecosystem that could unlock the state’s vast potential and expressed confidence that with the right mindset, strong collaboration and sustained investment in digital skills and innovation, Kano could reclaim its historic leadership role and emerge as a major innovation and entrepreneurship hub in Nigeria and beyond.


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Minister Claims Bandits Exploit Poor Network, Bounce Calls Off Multiple Towers

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Bosun Tijani, minister of Communications, Innovation and Digital Economy, yesterday claimed that bandits and terrorists are able to communicate and coordinate their activities with ease because they exploit gaps in the country’s telecommunications network.

Minister Claims Bandits Exploit Poor Network, Bounce Calls Off Multiple Towers

Bosun Tijani, minister of Communications, Innovation and Digital Economy,

Tijani, who spoke  Politics Today, a Channels Television’s programme, on Friday, Tijani said the criminals exploit gaps in the country’s telecommunications network.

He also claimed the bandits use advanced technology to bounce calls across multiple towers in areas with poor connectivity.

“They weren’t using the normal towers; they bounced calls off multiple towers, which is why they favor areas that are largely unconnected,” he said.

When asked about reports that unregistered or fraudulently registered SIM cards are still in use despite the Bank Verification Number (BVN) and the National Identification Number (NIN)–Subscriber Identity Module linkage policies, Tijani said the issue is technically complex and the reports are not fully verified.

“Whether it’s fact or not, I do not know where you’re getting that from, and I do not know who has evidence that there are people with unregistered SIMs,” he added.

The minister stated that the federal government is investing in telecom towers in underserved regions, upgrading the country’s communication satellites to improve coverage, and expanding fiber-optic networks to strengthen the country’s digital infrastructure.

“If our towers are not working, our satellites will work. Nigeria is the only country in West Africa with communication satellites, and we are bringing new satellites to upgrade their capabilities,” Tijani said.

He added that these initiatives aim to ensure better connectivity for Nigerians while closing loopholes that criminals exploit, thereby enhancing national security.

The minister’s comments come amid rising concerns over insecurity in several parts of the North, where banditry, kidnapping, and terrorism have escalated in recent years.

There are also reports of bandits flaunting ransom payments on social media platforms such as TikTok, raising alarm among authorities and the public


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Sophos XDR Achieves its Best-Ever Results in the MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise 2025 Evaluation

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Sophos, a global leader of innovative security solutions for defeating cyberattacks, has announced its best-ever results in the MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise 2025 Evaluation.

Sophos XDR Achieves its Best-Ever Results in the MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise 2025 Evaluation

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise 2025 Evaluation

Sophos XDR detected 100% of adversary behaviors (sub-steps)1 across two complex attack scenarios: Scattered Spider, which Sophos X-Ops tracks as GOLD HARVEST, a financially motivated cybercriminal collective, and Mustang Panda, which Sophos X-Ops tracks as BRONZE PRESIDENT, a People’s Republic of China (PRC) espionage group.

The Scattered Spider scenario included activity across Windows, Linux, and AWS cloud environments, and the Mustang Panda scenario focused on Windows only.

Further, Sophos achieved the highest-possible “Technique”-level rating for 86 out of 90 total sub-steps in the evaluation, by generating high-fidelity detections with details on execution, impact, and adversary behavior, providing clear who, what, when, where, how, and why insights.

Sophos XDR achieved:

  • 100% detection coverage1 for all 90 adversary sub-steps across two complex attack scenarios across Windows, Linux, and AWS cloud environments
  • Highest possible (“Technique”) ratings for 86 of 90 sub-steps, demonstrating deep visibility and actionable detections
  • Highest possible (“Technique”) ratings for 61 out of 62 of sub-steps in the Scattered Spider scenario involving identity abuse, cloud exploitation, and data exfiltration

“Scattered Spider and Mustang Panda represent distinct threat profiles that challenge defenders in very different ways,” said Simon Reed, chief research and scientific officer, Sophos. “Achieving full detection coverage against both validates the accuracy and depth of Sophos’ analytics and demonstrates how the company’s AI-native XDR platform converts complex telemetry into clear, actionable intelligence, helping security teams detect, understand, and stop advanced attacks with confidence.

“Sophos’ consistently strong performance in these rigorous evaluations underscores the power and precision of our threat detection and response capabilities, and our commitment to stopping the world’s most sophisticated cyberthreats.

“Over the five years that Sophos has participated in ATT&CK Evaluations, we have continually invested in strengthening our platform, and that investment has translated into stronger results year after year – both in the evaluations, and in the security outcomes we deliver for our customers.”

These results demonstrate the power of the Sophos XDR platform to defend against sophisticated cyber threats. Every day, Sophos processes 223+ terabytes of telemetry in Sophos Central, generating 34+ million detections and automatically blocking 11+ million threats.

This scale of customer insights ensures that Sophos’ detections are being tested and improved to provide continuous protection while delivering stronger outcomes for organizations worldwide.

Understanding The Threat Actors

Sophos X-Ops has tracked GOLD HARVEST (Scattered Spider) since 2022, observing a loosely affiliated cybercriminal collective driven by both financial motives and a desire to elevate their reputations on underground forums.

Despite several arrests, operators and associates continue to launch high-profile attacks across the U.K. and U.S., at times partnering with major Russian-speaking ransomware groups.

Their sophisticated social engineering capabilities enable them to compromise even well-defended organizations, underscoring the importance of strong behavioral detections within modern security operations.

In parallel, Sophos X-Ops has monitored BRONZE PRESIDENT (Mustang Panda) for many years.

This long-running PRC espionage group conducts intelligence-led operations that align closely with priorities of China’s Ministry of State Security. Recent targeting includes activity against Tibetan communities surrounding the Dalai Lama’s 90th birthday, as well as intrusions on Thai government and military offices during periods of heightened regional tension.

BRONZE PRESIDENT remains one of the most active and persistent state-aligned threat actors operating today.

MITRE ATT&CK Evaluations are among the world’s most rigorous independent security tests.

They emulate the tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) used by real-world adversaries to assess each participating vendor’s ability to detect, analyze, and articulate threats in alignment with the MITRE ATT&CK Framework.

These evaluations continually strengthen Sophos’ capabilities for the benefit of the organizations it protects. This was the seventh round of MITRE’s “Enterprise” ATT&CK Evaluation, a product-focused assessment designed to help organizations better understand how security operations solutions like Sophos EDR and Sophos XDR can help them defend against sophisticated, multi-stage attacks.

When evaluating EDR or XDR solutions, Sophos recommends reviewing MITRE ATT&CK Evaluations alongside other independent proof points.


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