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Lagos, Bayelsa, Others Owe N1.86 Trillion

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Lagos, Bayelsa and Cross Rivers States are top on the list of the states of the federation that are indebted to both local and foreign institutions to the tune of N1.86 trillion, according to a report by the Debt Management Office (DMO).

According to the report, Borno and Yobe least indebted while the liabilities of Oyo, Jigawa and FCT are unknown as at the end of June last year.

DMO said that the N1.86 trillion debts have put the states and the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) in dire financial straits in their bid to ensure development.

The figure was up from the N1.42 trillion level of December 2011.

A breakdown of the figure indicates that local or domestic debt obligations account for N1.186 trillion with the balance being the foreign debt liabilities.

Contractors’ liabilities top the chart on the debt table followed closely by commercial banks’ loans, bonds, pension and gratuity and government-to-government debt in that order.

The DMO’s report said: “The total public debt of the 36 states rose from N1.42 trillion as at December 31, 2011 to N1.86 trillion by June 2012. The marginal increase of about 3.32 per cent was as a result of slight increases in both the external and domestic debt stocks. As in 2011, domestic debt dominated the total public debt portfolio of the 36 states of the federation in June amounting for over 77 per cent of the total as it did in the previous year.”

The entire records of Oyo and Jigawa states’ liabilities and those of the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) Administration are the only data missing out in the report of the exercise begun some five years ago and concluded December last year by the DMO.

The three administrations reportedly didn’t co-operate much with the DMO during the exercise.

This, however, could not be confirmed yesterday, as all efforts to speak with top officials of the debt management agency were not successful.

The report titled “Five years of Effective Sub-National Debt Management in Nigeria” was obtained exclusively by The Guardian under strict confidentiality as members were still studying it preparatory to their meeting on the report next March 11.

The report listed Lagos State as the highest borrower with a contingent liability of N238.262 billion, comprising a local debt of N157,536 billion and a foreign component of N80.726 billion.

Lagos is followed by oil-rich Bayelsa State with a contingent liability of N167.173 billion, made up of a domestic debt stock of N162.822 billion and a foreign debt liability of N4.350 billion while Cross River State is placed third with a total public debt of N113.598 billion, consisting of a local debt component of N96.544 billion and foreign debt of N17.053 billion.

Next to Cross River is Rivers State, which as at June last year had contracted a total public debt of N112.229 billion made up of N106.880 billion local debt and N5.349 billion foreign debt. The state is followed by Delta State with a public debt of N93.304 billion, comprising a local debt of N90.843 billion and a foreign component of N2.46 billion. Imo and Kaduna states are next with total debts of N69.979 billion and N53.808 billion respectively.

Crisis-torn states of Borno and Yobe emerged the least indebted with Borno pulling the least public debt of N3 billion, consisting of N1.684 billion local debt and N1.894 billion foreign debt.

Yobe on the other hand has only contracted a debt toll of N6.939 billion, made up of N2.088 billion local debt and N4.851 billion external debt.

However, on a debt solvency and liquidity ratio analysis relative to revenue inflow to states, Cross River State is the heaviest debtor as it scores the highest burden rating of 138.86 per cent as at December 2011, representing her total public debt to total revenue ratio.

The state’s public revenue is put at N77.489 billion while its public debt is far above the figure at N107.600 billion. Also, on a scale of domestic debt stock analysis relative to Internally-Generated Revenue (IGR), Cross River polls 584 per cent, next to the highest ranked Bayelsa State, which pulled 1,712 per cent.  Cross River’s domestic debt stock relative to IGR at the period was only N16.553 billion.

On the total public debt sustainability score, Bayelsa is next to Cross River with a burden score of 104.93 per cent and a debt stock of N167.123 billion relative to its revenue base of N159.278 billion while it has the highest domestic debt burden score of 1,712 per cent relative to its IGR. The state’s local debt stock at the time of the analysis was N162.822 billion while its IGR was a paltry N9.510 billion.

Lagos State is placed as the third risky state in the total public debt solvency analysis as it polled 73.21 per cent after Cross River and Bayelsa. Lagos public debt at the time was N234.608 billion while its revenue base was put at N320.474 billion.

 It equally scored a ranking of 61 per cent on the domestic debt solvency analysis, as its domestic debt stock was N157.536 billion, relative to its IGR base of N257.419 billion.


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E-Financial

Banks to Cut Fraud Response Times to Under 30 Minutes

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Banks in the country have agreed to reduce fraud response times to under 30 minutes, a move expected to significantly improve recovery outcomes and limit systemic risk, according to the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN).

This disclosure was made on Wednesday by Philip Ikeazor, deputy governor, Financial System Stability, at the 2026 Nigeria Electronic Fraud Forum (NeFF) Technical Kick-Off Session held in Lagos.

Represented by Ibrahim Hassan, Ikeazor said fraud mitigation efforts within the banking industry have continued to evolve in response to increasingly sophisticated threat vectors. While legacy forms of fraud such as ATM card cloning have largely been neutralised, newer risks including online fraud, social engineering, SIM-swap abuse, insider compromise and authorised push payment (APP) scams have emerged as major challenges.

According to him, NeFF has played a pivotal role in coordinating timely and industry-wide responses to these emerging risks. These interventions include the introduction of mandatory two-factor authentication, issuance of industry advisories, sustained public awareness campaigns, the establishment of 24/7 bank fraud desks and, more recently, the development of a Standardised APP Scam Framework.

“Importantly, the industry has agreed to reduce fraud response times to under 30 minutes, a decisive step that materially improves recovery outcomes and limits systemic exposure,” Ikeazor said.

He noted that a major enabler of fraud reduction in Nigeria has been the country’s progress in identity management. The introduction of the Bank Verification Number (BVN), alongside its ongoing integration with the National Identification Number (NIN), has significantly constrained impersonation and synthetic identity fraud.

According to him, enhanced identity verification across banking channels, agent networks and high-risk digital platforms is steadily closing loopholes previously exploited by criminals. He added that this development reinforces the importance of identity infrastructure as a foundational control for payment system integrity, with the National Identity Management Commission (NIMC) remaining a key partner in strengthening fraud prevention efforts.

“Equally transformative is the industry’s migration to ISO 20022. Beyond compliance, ISO 20022 provides richer, structured transaction data that enhances traceability, analytics and early fraud detection,” Ikeazor said.

He explained that as banks, payment service providers and financial infrastructure operators complete implementation across real-time gross settlement (RTGS) and instant payment systems, data quality and transparency are expected to improve materially. This, he said, would enable faster investigations, better fraud pattern recognition and more effective cross-border cooperation.

“This alignment with global standards positions Nigeria to confront increasingly sophisticated fraud schemes with modern, data-driven tools,” he added.

Ikeazor further noted that over the past decade, Nigeria’s electronic payments ecosystem has recorded substantial progress in resilience, security and public confidence. Despite rapid expansion across ATM, POS, mobile and interbank payment channels, system uptime, operational stability and fraud controls have improved markedly.

He attributed this progress to early regulatory interventions, industry-wide adoption of EMV standards, stronger cybersecurity frameworks, enhanced consumer protection measures and sustained collaboration through NeFF. As a result, he said Nigeria’s payments system now compares favourably with global peers in cyber-fraud management, despite exponential growth in digital transaction volumes.

Looking ahead to 2026, Ikeazor warned that electronic fraud losses have risen sharply in recent years and must be decisively reversed. He stressed the need for the industry to commit to bold and measurable fraud-reduction targets, supported by clear strategic priorities.

These include full exploitation of ISO 20022 data, universal and real-time identity verification, enhanced round-the-clock fraud monitoring and response, structured liability-sharing and consumer reimbursement frameworks, deeper engagement with payment service providers and telecoms operators, as well as rigorous performance measurement through transparent scorecards.

“What gets measured must be improved,” he said.

In her opening remarks, Rakiya O. Yusuf, director, Payments System Supervision Department and Chairman, Nigeria Electronic Fraud Forum (NeFF), said that over the past decade, NeFF has provided a trusted platform for regulators and industry stakeholders to jointly strengthen the resilience, security and credibility of Nigeria’s payments system.

Yusuf said sustained collaboration among financial institutions, payment service providers, infrastructure operators, identity management agencies, law enforcement and other partners has delivered meaningful progress in fraud mitigation, even as electronic transactions have expanded rapidly under the cashless policy.

She said key milestones achieved include the migration to EMV chip-and-PIN cards, the introduction of two-factor authentication across electronic channels, enhanced consumer protection measures and the institutionalisation of industry-wide fraud information sharing.

According to her, these interventions led to measurable reductions in fraud losses in earlier years and helped preserve public confidence in digital payments during periods of rapid growth. More recently, she added, improvements in identity management, particularly the rollout of the BVN and its integration with the NIN, have significantly reduced impersonation and the use of false identities for fraud, closing long-standing gaps exploited by criminals across both banking and agent networks.

 


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MoMo PSB Expands Cross-Border Transfers Across Africa

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MoMo Payment Service Bank (MoMo PSB), the financial subsidiary of MTN Nigeria, has expanded its cross-border transfer service, extending outbound coverage to additional African markets (including Kenya and South Sudan), while also deepening inbound remittance capabilities from the United Kingdom, United States, Canada, and Europe.

MoMo PSB Expands Cross-Border Transfers Across Africa

MoMo PSB

With the latest expansion, MoMo PSB customers in Nigeria can now send money to a wider network of African countries, including Ghana, Benin Republic, Rwanda, Togo, Cameroon, DR Congo, Congo Brazzaville, The Gambia, Côte d’Ivoire, Liberia, Malawi, Zambia, Sierra Leone, Uganda, and now Kenya and South Sudan.

On the inbound corridor, customers can conveniently receive international transfers directly into their MoMo wallets from senders across the UK, US, Canada, and Europe. This development reinforces MoMo PSB’s growing role in enabling fast, secure, and inclusive cross-border payments for Nigerians at home and in the diaspora.

The enhanced service offering reflects MoMo PSB’s ongoing commitment to advancing financial inclusion by simplifying the process of moving money across borders. Customers benefit from swift transaction processing, competitive exchange rates, secure transfers, and the ease of receiving funds directly into their MoMo wallets, removing many of the delays and frictions traditionally associated with cross-border remittances.

The expansion is driven by strategic partnerships with Brij, Lightway Finance, and Thunes, leveraging their global payments infrastructure to deliver reliable, efficient, and compliant cross-border transfer experiences.

Speaking on the development, Usoro Usoro, Executive Director, Strategy and Stakeholder Management, MoMo PSB, said: “Through our partnerships with Lightway Finance and Thunes, we have strengthened our international payments infrastructure to support both outbound and inbound remittances across key corridors. This expansion reflects our commitment to building secure, scalable, and inclusive financial solutions that meet the evolving needs of our customers.”

By widening both its sending and receiving corridors, MoMo PSB continues to deepen access to financial services and strengthen Nigeria’s connection to the global economy—making international payments more accessible, affordable, and seamless for individuals and businesses alike. For more information, visit www.momo.ng/internationaltransfers.


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Unity Bank Launches Upgraded Unifi App to Boost Digital Banking

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Unity Bank Plc has unveiled version 2.3 of its Unifi mobile banking app, boosting usability, security, and convenience to deepen customer experience and advance its e-business strategy.

Unity Bank Launches Upgraded Unifi App to Boost Digital Banking

Unity Bank

Key enhancements include stronger security protocols, quick-action tools, improved bill payments, and an upgraded Nigeria Quick Response (NQR) feature for faster QR transactions.

The rollout underscores the bank’s investments in digital infrastructure to protect data, secure payments, and enable real-time transactions across channels.

Adenike Abimbola, Divisional Head of Retail, SME, Digital Banking & Fintech Partnerships, said the upgrades stem from ongoing customer feedback analysis.

“Digital banking is now essential for retail customers demanding speed, reliability, convenience, and security,” Abimbola stated. “Unifi 2.3 enhances functionality, bolsters security, and simplifies payments for seamless, frictionless access anytime, anywhere.”

She affirmed Unity Bank’s commitment to evolving digital channels amid shifting needs and trends.

“As mobile banking shapes financial services, Unifi drives our strategy for intuitive, inclusive solutions that boost adoption and experience,” she added.

Launched to expand retail reach among young, tech-savvy users, Unifi fuels customer acquisition and Unity Bank’s digital transformation. The app, free on Android and iOS, supports transfers, bills, airtime, and QR payments.


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