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Naira Slumps by 209 Per Cent in 6 Years

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Godwin Emefiele, governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria
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Despite the over $130bn deployed by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) to defend the naira and a myriad of policies churned out to shore up its value over the past six years, the Nigerian currency has depreciated by over 209.2 per cent, sliding from N196.99 to a dollar in December 2015 to N412.06/$ in September 2021.

Naira Slumps by 209 Per Cent in 6 Years

According to the Tribune, the  depreciation is even higher at the parallel market with one dollar which sold for about N230 in December 2015 now going for almost N550 in September 2021.

Tribune findings revealed that between 2016 and the first quarter of the current year, the apex bank sold as much as $130.6billion to foreign exchange market operators in its various interventions just as it had come up with tens of policies to salvage the sagging national currency.

According to documents and reports accessed on the CBN website, between January and December 2016, the CBN defended the naira with about $11.7 billion. The figure rose to $15.8billion in 2017, was $36.6billion in 2018, hit $34.3bn in 2019 and came down to $27.84billion in 2020.

In the first quarter of 2021, the CBN spent $4.37bn to defend the naira.

The documents showed that in its effort to stave off pressure on the naira, the CBN sustained its direct intervention in the inter-bank foreign exchange market to ensure exchange rate stability.

So, at various times it sold dollars at the foreign exchange market, made up of the inter-bank spot, invisibles, the SMEs, at the I&E window and as forwards sales.

Although deploying dollars in defence of naira has mitigated the pressure on the naira, the exercise has also depleted the nation’s foreign reserves which currently stood at $33.32billion as of June 30, 2021, about a quarter of what had been deployed to saving the naira.

Explaining the rationale behind deploying the nation’s external reserves to defend the naira, Godwin Emefiele, CBN governor, said the CBN Act mandates the apex bank to defend the national currency, adding that “A flexible exchange rate would not favour the poor. I am committed to protecting the Naira. We cannot allow the Naira to float freely.”

The tenure of Emefiele as CBN governor has witnessed the rollout of a number of policies meant to shore up the value of the naira.

This started in June 2015 with the stoppage of the sale of dollars to those engaged in the importation of 41 items that could be produced in Nigeria.

The apex bank explained that it took that decision to “conserve foreign reserves as well as facilitate the resurrection of domestic industries and improve employment generation.”

In January 2016, the CBN governor, during a press conference, announced that the apex bank would no longer sell dollars to BDCs.

According to him, “The Bank would henceforth discontinue its sale of foreign exchange to BDCs. Operators in this segment of the market would now need to source their foreign exchange from autonomous source. They must however note that the CBN would deploy more resources to monitoring these sources to ensure that no operator is in violation of our anti-money laundering laws.”

Emefiele added that the measures were not punitive but meant to guarantee the preservation of the nation’s resources and stabilize the financial system.

The CBN however later reversed itself and resumed the sale of dollars to BDC operators.

In 2017, the CBN introduced a new window for investors, exporters and end-users with a view to increasing liquidity and forcing down the exchange rate. But that didn’t achieve much as the slide of naira continued. In 2018, the CBN increased the number of items banned from accessing foreign exchange to 42 as it imposed foreign exchange ban on fertiliser importation.

This was contained in a circular entitled: “Re: Inclusion of some imported goods and services on the list of items as ‘Not Valid for Foreign Exchange in the Nigerian Foreign Exchange Market.”

The circular signed by Ahmed Umar, director, Trade and Exchange Department, stated: “In the continued effort to sustain the achievement recorded from the classification of 41 items as ‘Not valid for foreign exchange’ in the Nigerian foreign exchange market, authorised dealers and the general public are hereby notified of the inclusion of fertiliser on the lists effective Friday, December 7, 2018.”

In March 2020, the CBN devalued the naira by changing the official exchange rate from N307/$1 to N360/$1.

In May 2020, the CBN governor directed businesses and individuals to stop patronizing the parallel market for foreign currency exchange.

Later in July of the year, the apex bank extended forex restriction to maize importation, saying the decision was borne out of the need “to increase local production, stimulate a rapid economic recovery, safeguard rural livelihoods and increase jobs which were lost as a result of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.”


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NIBSS Says 28 Percent of Nigerians have Registered for BVN

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Latest data report from the Nigeria Inter-Bank Settlement System (NIBSS) has pegged Nigeria’s Bank Verification Number (BVN) Database at 67.8 million registrations (27.97% of the country’s population) following a steady growth streak over the last five years.

NIBSS Says 28 Percent of Nigerians have Registered for BVN

NIBBS, which manages the BVN infrastructure for Nigeria’s financial ecosystem, revealed that BVN registrations jumped from 63.5 million in 2024 to 67.8 million by the end of 2025, representing a 4.3 million increase in a year.

The latest NIBBS data reveals a consistent upward trend across the last five years, supporting the rhetoric that the Bank Verification Number has become a major protocol for accessing financial services in the country. The enrollment figures over the last five years, according to NIBBS, are as follows.

The increase represents an estimated 6.8 per cent year-on-year growth between 2024 and 2025, one of the highest leaps over the last 5 years.

The Driving Force Behind the Increased BVN Enrollment

Analysts pinpoint the Central Bank of Nigeria’s policies and enforcement procedures as the primary driver of the five-year upward trend in BVN enrollment.

Some of the most efficient CBN policies behind the surge include the directive to restrict or freeze bank accounts lacking both a BVN and a National Identification Number (NIN), effective from April 2024.

The directive caused a stir, prompting many Nigerians to register for BVN to maintain uninterrupted financial services.

The introduction of the Non-Resident Bank Verification Number (NRBVN) initiative enabled Nigerians living abroad to obtain a BVN remotely, eliminating the need to be physically present in Nigeria.

The NRBVN programme was a game-changer, bringing the weight of the Nigerian diaspora to the fore. Its successful integration served as a significant milestone in efforts to deepen financial inclusion and formally integrate the Nigerian diaspora into the country’s financial ecosystem.

 

 


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NITDA DG Urges Stronger Collaboration to Drive Nigeria’s Digital Economy

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The Director General of the National Information Technology Development Agency (NITDA), Kashifu Inuwa, has called for stronger collaboration among stakeholders to unlock opportunities in Nigeria’s digital economy and accelerate national development.

Inuwa made the call at a NITDA-States IT Stakeholders’ Engagement and Ecosystem Development programme themed “Creating Opportunities, Breaking Boundaries: Towards Digitalization and Entrepreneurial Evolution.” in Abuja

Speaking at the event, the NITDA boss, represented by Mr Ajayi Babajide, Director Zonal Office Coordination, said Nigeria’s economy Africa’s largest by Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is at a critical juncture that requires urgent diversification, noting that the digital economy presents a strategic pathway to sustainable growth, job creation, and inclusive development.

He explained that in today’s interconnected world, digitalisation has become a key driver of economic transformation, offering unprecedented access to knowledge and creating opportunities for developing nations to compete globally.

According to him, the technology sector remains one of the fastest growing and most impactful segments of the global economy, stressing the need for Nigeria to position itself to fully harness its potential.
Inuwa reaffirmed NITDA’s mandate to drive and coordinate digital innovation across the country, adding that the agency is focused on creating an enabling environment that empowers all sectors, including underserved communities, to contribute meaningfully to the economy.

He highlighted the implementation of the agency’s Strategic Roadmap and Action Plan (SRAP 2.0), designed to deliver life-transforming opportunities and strengthen Nigeria’s digital ecosystem. He also pointed to the National Digital Literacy Framework (NDLF), which aims to equip citizens across various sectors with the digital skills required to thrive in a rapidly evolving economy.

The DG disclosed that NITDA has established over 100 IT centres nationwide and provided infrastructure to support digital learning and skills acquisition. However, he emphasised that sustaining and expanding these initiatives would require deeper collaboration with stakeholders.

He called for stronger partnerships among government at all levels, the private sector, academia, and civil society, noting that innovation thrives in an ecosystem supported by effective policies, access to funding, and enabling regulations.

Inuwa also stressed the importance of investing in innovation hubs and incubators to nurture startups from ideation to market readiness, enabling them to compete favourably on the global stage.

On entrepreneurship, he noted that NITDA has continued to support innovation through its special purpose vehicles, including the Office for Nigerian Digital Innovation (ONDI) and the National Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics (NCAIR), which provide incubation, acceleration, and training programmes for startups and young innovators.

He observed that Nigeria’s innovation ecosystem has attracted significant investments and produced globally recognised startups, including unicorns, but said more efforts are needed to sustain the momentum.

Inuwa further noted that digitalisation holds immense potential for economic diversification, job creation, and inclusive growth, but warned that these opportunities must be deliberately harnessed through robust policies, legal frameworks, and strong institutional support.

He said the engagement provided a platform for stakeholders to exchange ideas, co-create solutions, and align strategies for the effective rollout of digital initiatives across states in line with SRAP 2.0.

The NITDA boss reiterated the agency’s commitment to fostering partnerships and providing the necessary support to drive Nigeria’s digital transformation, expressing confidence that collective efforts would deliver lasting impact.

He urged participants to remain committed to building a future where innovation thrives, opportunities are accessible, and Nigeria’s digital economy reaches its full potential.

In his earlier keynote address, the Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Innovation, Science and Technology Kogi State, Pharm. Eric Monday, explained that the state’s digital strategy is focused on applying technology to critical sectors, particularly healthcare, where efforts are underway to improve data management and expand service coverage. He added that similar interventions are being extended to works and environmental management.

He noted that outcomes from previous stakeholder engagements had helped shape actionable plans, stressing the importance of collaboration in achieving sustainable progress.

“Our goal is to learn from others while also sharing our experiences. The knowledge gained from engagements like this will help us strengthen our systems, create opportunities for our youth, and support skills development,” he said.

Highlighting ongoing projects, he disclosed that a skills acquisition centre, supported by development partners, is nearing completion and will soon be equipped to train young people in relevant digital skills.

Monday further revealed that the state is expanding its partnerships beyond Nigeria, including collaborations with Chinese organisations, to build a robust innovation ecosystem and open up new economic opportunities.

Describing Kogi as a “land of opportunity,” the official said the government is committed to leveraging its strategic position as the Confluence State to attract investment and promote growth.

Other dignitaries who delivered remarks at the event included the Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nasarawa State, Mr. Damina John, as well as the Executive Director, Commercial and Industry Development at the North Central Development Commission (NCDC), Mrs. Aisha Rufai.


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Ogun Set for Direct London Flights as Gateway Airport Gains Momentum

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His Excellency Governor Dapo Abiodun, The Governor of Ogun State, has said that the state is on course to establish direct air links to the United Kingdom, following plans by Air Peace to commence flights from the Gateway International Airport to London this summer.

Abiodun, who spoke after an inspection of the airport alongside Air Peace Chairman, Allen Onyema, said the move reflects growing investor confidence in the state’s aviation infrastructure and economic direction.

According to him, the planned operations to Heathrow Airport and London Gatwick Airport will open up Ogun State to increased trade, tourism and business travel, while easing pressure on existing international gateways.

“This airport was conceived to serve our people and support economic growth. What we are seeing now is that vision taking shape,” the governor said.

He added that cargo activities had already commenced at the airport, with projections indicating up to 50 cargo flights between April and year-end, a development expected to support exporters and manufacturers within Ogun and neighbouring states.

The Governor the state noted that discussions with multiple international and regional operators were ongoing, positioning the airport as a viable alternative for passenger and cargo movement in the Southwest.

Onyema, in his remarks, said Air Peace decided to key into the project after assessing the quality of infrastructure at the facility.

“This is one of the best-equipped airports in Sub-Saharan Africa. We will deploy our Boeing 777 aircraft for the London route because the runway and facilities can support it,” he said.

The inspection followed the recent commissioning of the airport by President Bola Ahmed Tinubu. With the planned London operations and growing cargo traffic, Abiodun expressed confidence that Gateway International Airport would strengthen Ogun State’s position as a key economic hub in Nigeria.


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