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Spectrum War: Stakeholders Ask NCC to Reverse Sale to MTN

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The decision of the National Broadcasting Commission (NBC) to sell the nation’s valued asset to MTN Nigeria has generated negative reactions.
 
For some time now, the nation’s telecom sector has been embroiled in what could be regarded as a macabre dance between the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC), the National Broadcasting Commission (NBC), and telecoms operators over the sale of digital spectrums.
 
According to industry watchers, this war of attrition, if not immediately arrested, may well deny the country another chance to join the rest of the world in the brave new world of digital broadcasting, if it fails to beat the deadline of July 2017 set by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) for nations to join the digital super highway.
 
On the top burner of the controversy is the sale of 700MHz spectrum by the NBC to MTN Nigeria early last year.

At the time of the sale, Mr. Emeka Mba, director general of the NBC, had stated that the 700MHz spectrum was being sold to raise the funds to enable the country meet the ITU 2017 deadline for Digital Switch Over (DSO). However, the transaction has now become an issue of debate, owing to the circumstances surrounding it.
 
Mba had explained that the 700MHz spectrum had to be sold to MTN Nigeria to raise money when it became obvious that the Federal Government could not afford the extra expense.

According to him, the action was taken in order to avoid missing another ITU deadline, adding that the agency looked inwards and discovered that it could sell part of the broadcast frequency allotted to NBC, instead of letting it lie fallow.
 
Nigeria had missed the DSO deadline of July last year, with the NBC citing lack of fund from the Federal Government as reason for its inability to join the countries that were able to effect the digital switch as stipulated by the ITU.
 
However, stakeholders in the telecoms industry have described the sale of the 700MHz spectrum by the NBC to MTN as illegal, and have called for its outright cancellation.

They have also queried the rationale behind selling the 700MHz spectrum at a paltry sum of N34 billion, whereas the industry value was put at over N200 billion.
 
Okwudili Arinze, a manager at a telecoms service provider, expressed surprise that the NBC licensed MTN Nigeria Limited to use part of the 700MHz to provide digital television transmission (DTT), but so far nothing of such had been done. “Instead, MTN is planning to deploy the 700MHz spectrum to broadband services and not digital TV, which is contrary to the ITU agreement,” he said.
 
The 700MHz spectrum is currently used by the broadcasting industry worldwide but owing to its value in the cost effective deployment of broadband services, member nations of the International Telecommunications Union (ITU), including Nigeria, signed a treaty on the transfer of 700MHz spectrum from the broadcasting industry to the telecommunications industry.

According to other telecom stakeholders, the NBC has neither the legal nor statutory right to make such a sale, which right they said, reside only with the NCC.
 
It is believed that MTN Nigeria used underhand means to get the NBC to approve the sale of the 700MHz spectrum to it under controversial and non-transparent circumstances, which observers say did not follow due process and best practice.
 
Last year, the NBC sold the 700MHz spectrum to MTN for N34 billion. The transaction allegedly failed to comply with the Communications Act 2003 as well as the Procurement Act 2007, both of which made clear provisions that such assets should be sold through competitive bidding process.
 
Mba had insisted that the NBC owned the 700MHz spectrum and sold it to MTN after a rigorous due process which included the approval from the Federal Government and the Frequency Management Council (FMC).
 
NBC is charged with the responsibility of driving the freeing up of the 700MHz spectrum band by the broadcasting industry for its eventual handover to the NCC. But the NBC has so far failed to complete the freeing up and transfer of the 700MHz spectrum within the initial July 2015 deadline. Another deadline of July 2017 has been set for completion of the transfer and Nigeria may yet miss the deadline if nothing is urgently done.
 
James Ekenwa, a consumer rights activist, said: “It is morally indefensible for the NBC to engage in the sale of a scarce and critical national resource, which it has been mandated to free up and hand over to the telecommunications industry. The sale process was not publicly advertised and there was no bid process which calls into question the methodology adopted by the NBC in determining what a fair price for the spectrum would be. Spectrum is typically auctioned through a bid process.”
 
With the sale of the 700MHz spectrum to MTN and its additional acquisition of 800MHz spectrum through its buy-out of Visafone, MTN now has an unusually large amount of the most valuable spectrum resource in Nigeria, which its competitors do not have access to and are unlikely to ever have access to.
 
The 700MHz spectrum signals travel longer distances than the higher frequencies and requires fewer cell towers to reach the same geographic areas. In addition, signals in this spectrum penetrate walls and other obstacles easier than existing spectrum currently used for cell phone networks.
 
Due to increased demand for spectrum by the telecoms industry, member nations of the ITU Regional Telecommunications Conference agreed to switchover from analogue to digital TV broadcasting since digital broadcasting requires much less spectrum and offers better quality.
 
After the digital switchover, the 700MHz was to be transferred to the National Frequency Management Council (NFMC) for onward transfer to the NCC.

The NBC however sold a portion of the 700MHZ meant for the telecoms industry to MTN as a Digital Terrestrial Television (DTT) license, even though MTN has announced that the spectrum will be used for mobile broadband services.

Being the broadcast industry regulator, the NBC is not in a position to sell spectrum to MTN, a telecommunications operator for the provision of telecommunication services.

This transaction seems like a calculated attempt to provide MTN with the ammunition to dominate the data market too (they have already been declared dominant in the voice market by the NCC). Arinze queried: “Why will NBC single out MTN for the sale of this spectrum? What is their objective?”
 
The Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) recently arrested Mba reportedly in connection with the about $170million (over N20billion) paid to the commission by MTN Nigeria for the 700 MHZ spectrum. Investigations are currently ongoing, which suggests that the deal might not have been transparent and did not follow due process.

Spectrums are typically sold through an open auction system in order to efficiently allocate these scarce resources to interested parties and also secure revenue for the government in the process.

This was clearly not the case in the sale of the 700MHz by the NBC to MTN. Why then has this deal not been reversed so that due process can be followed?
 
The negative impacts of this deal to the telecoms industry cannot be over emphasised. Industry watchers agree that the deal will provide an already dominant operator in the voice market with resources to take over the data market also. “This is anti-competitive and unhealthy for a growing and vibrant industry”, Ekenwa added.
 
The nation’s nascent telecom industry can only thrive when operators compete for customers through innovative products and services.

Granting one operator access to scarce spectrum such as the 700MHz spectrum band disqualifies other operators from the race even before the kick-off. The NCC in recognition of this fact has historically assigned spectrum to telecommunications operators on a fair and equitable basis.


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Airtel Becomes World’s Second Largest Telco as Global Customer Base Surpasses 650 Million

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Bharti Airtel has announced a major milestone in its global operations, crossing 650 million mobile subscribers worldwide, a scale that now positions the company as the second-largest telecommunications operator on the planet by customer base.

Crossing this threshold reflects a network of immense scale, the capacity to reach customers across diverse markets with consistent quality, and the ability to deliver experiences shaped by sustained innovation.

In Nigeria, Airtel has continued to scale infrastructure at a pace unmatched in its recent history. Over the past three years, the company has increased its national site count from just above 13,000 to nearly 17,200 sites, including more than 1,560 added in the last twelve months. This expansion deepens capacity in high-demand corridors and extends high-speed coverage to previously underserved regions.

The latest industry data from the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC) underscores the significance of this growth. As of December 2025, Nigeria recorded 145,141 base stations across 2G, 3G, 4G and 5G layers. Of this national infrastructure, Airtel accounts for 46,918 base-station layers, reflecting its substantial contribution to the country’s radio access network and its push to absorb rising data consumption.

Nearly 99 percent of Airtel Nigeria’s sites are now 4G-enabled, positioning the operator as one of the few with a near-ubiquitous high-speed broadband footprint. Thousands of sites have been upgraded for capacity in the past year alone, enabling improved speeds and more stable performance during peak usage.

That expansion underpins Nigeria’s rising internet adoption. According to the latest regulator figures, Nigeria’s internet penetration recently climbed above 50%, with Airtel recording among the largest monthly increases in new internet subscribers, driven by network upgrades across states and rural corridors.

Strategic Connectivity and Redundancy

Airtel is also tackling a critical infrastructure challenge for the Nigerian digital economy: reliance on a single international internet gateway. The company is advancing plans for its second submarine cable internet breakout point at Kwa Ibo in Akwa Ibom State, early in the 2Africa cable system rollout, to provide faster and more resilient national connectivity across regions. This significant investment aligns with global best practices in network diversity and redundancy, ensuring a more stable digital experience for consumers and enterprises alike.

Digital Finance at Scale: SmartCash

Airtel’s digital finance arm, SmartCash, has gained traction in Nigeria’s competitive mobile money ecosystem, now serving over 3 million active users. The platform is supported by an expansive agent network and digital services that lower barriers for everyday financial transactions and savings.

Outstanding Human Touch: Retail Reach

Across Nigeria, Airtel’s retail distribution network stands as one of the sector’s most extensive, with approximately 4,000 exclusive outlets bringing services, support, and products closer to customers in small towns, communities, and high-traffic urban hubs. That footprint drives both access and engagement in a market where localized presence remains a competitive differentiator.

As Nigeria’s digital economy continues to evolve, Airtel is committed to sustained innovation — from expanded fibre backbones and advanced mobile broadband to future-ready services that include satellite-enabled solutions and enterprise-grade digital platforms. These efforts help ensure that connectivity, commerce, and creativity thrive across Nigeria and beyond.


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Compensation for Poor Service Quality is Automatic- NCC

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Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC) has said that compensation of subscribers for poor service quality, such as persistent network outages or failed calls is automatic.

Compensation for Poor Service Quality is Automatic- NCC

This initiative aims to ensure fairness by mandating that operators provide automatic compensation, such as airtime credits, for failing to meet regulatory Quality of Service Key Performance Indicators (KPIs).

According to the NCC, operators are required and mandated to identify affected subscribers and provide compensation directly.

In a framework for compensation of consumers published on its website, NCC said that it has directed Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) to compensate subscribers affected by prolonged or repeated poor quality of service experience within specific Local Government Areas where operators fail to meet regulatory Quality of Service Key Performance Indicators (KPIs).

The NCC also stated that the directive does not replace existing consumer protection mechanisms.

The NCC, said the directive adds a direct compensation mechanism for affected subscribers and aligns with measures set in existing legislations such as the Consumer Code of Practice Regulations 2024 and the Quality of Service Regulations 2024.

This directive applies to only Mobile Network Operators licensed and operating in Nigeria that have failed to meet their Key Performance Indicators on Quality of Service. For Internet Service Providers (ISPs) operating in Nigeria, a compensation framework is already in place.

To be eligible to receive compensation

. You experienced poor network service in an affected Local Government Area; and

  • You made at least one outgoing revenue generating event (billed call, SMS, or data session) during the relevant period.

The compensation covers service failures affecting voice, data, or SMS services.

Operators are required and mandated by existing regulations to monitor their network performance across locations and service disruptions against Quality of Service KPIs.

This enables them to identify affected subscribers without the need for individual complaints.

Only service failures that fall below the defined thresholds set by the Quality of Service Regulations issued by the NCC will qualify for compensation.

Short, isolated interruptions and immediately remedied interruptions may not qualify

Compensation will be provided in the form of airtime credits.

This airtime credit will not have utilisation restrictions, and subscribers will be able to use it for voice calls, USSD sessions, data subscriptions, etc on the operators’ network.

 


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FG Moves to Strengthen Cybersecurity Coordination as NDPC Probes Alleged Data Breach

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Federal Government has announced plans to deepen collaboration with private sector players and other stakeholders in a bid to strengthen Nigeria’s cybersecurity architecture and response systems.

FG Moves to Strengthen Cybersecurity Coordination as NDPC Probes Alleged Data Breach

NDPC

Minister of Communications, Innovation and Digital Economy, Bosun Tijani, disclosed this in a recent press statement, noting that the government is considering the establishment of a Cybersecurity Coordination Council.

According to the minister, the proposed council is aimed at enhancing national cyber resilience and ensuring a more coordinated response to emerging cyber threats across public and private institutions.

Tijani emphasised that cybersecurity must be treated as a collective responsibility involving government, industry, and civil society.

“Cybersecurity is a shared national responsibility. Protecting Nigeria’s digital economy requires strong partnerships, trusted collaboration, and collective vigilance across government, industry, and civil society,” he said.

He added that through sustained collaboration, Nigeria would strengthen its capacity to detect cyber threats early, respond effectively, and build a resilient and trusted digital ecosystem.

The minister also called for increased stakeholder participation in shaping a sustainable, partnership-driven cybersecurity framework capable of deterring cybercriminal activities and safeguarding citizens, businesses, and critical digital infrastructure.

Meanwhile, the Nigeria Data Protection Commission (NDPC) has commenced an investigation into an alleged data breach involving Remita Payment Services Ltd., Sterling Bank, and other entities.

In a statement signed by its Head of Legal, Enforcement and Regulations, Babatunde Bamigboye, the commission said notices of investigation were issued to relevant parties on April 1, 2026.

The NDPC noted that affected organisations and individuals are currently providing information to aid its inquiry into the incident.

“The aim of the investigation is to ensure that data subjects are protected with appropriate technical and organisational measures,” the statement read.

It added that the probe would examine the types of personal data involved, the scope and nature of the alleged breach, potential risks to data subjects, and mitigation steps taken where breaches are confirmed.

The commission further disclosed that its National Commissioner and Chief Executive Officer, Vincent Olatunji, has directed a broader review of organisations operating digital payment systems.

According to the NDPC, entities found to be non-compliant with provisions of the Nigeria Data Protection Act, 2023, particularly regarding technical and organisational safeguards, would be scrutinised as part of efforts to maintain the integrity of the nation’s data protection ecosystem.


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