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Telecoms Boom Leaves Rural Nigeria, Others Behind

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While mobile phone usage has exploded across Africa over the last decade, transforming daily life and commerce for millions, it’s a revolution that has left behind perhaps two thirds of its people.

Poor or no reception outside the towns helps explain why the continent’s mobile penetration, in terms of the percentage of the population using the service, is far lower than previously thought, and the cost of providing that service to impoverished, sparsely populated areas remains prohibitive.

According to Reuters, in rural Sierra Leone, a country where GDP per capita is less than US$400 a year, money doesn’t grow on trees, but mobile reception can, says street trader Abass Bangura in Freetown, the West African country’s capital.

In parts of Tonkolili, a district in the centre of the country, or Kailahun to the east, it’s the only way you can get reception, he said.

“You climb stick, like mango tree, before you have network,” he said.

In South Sudan, the world’s newest state, it’s a similar story. Less than a year old, the country already has five mobile operators, and its capital, Juba, is teeming with giant billboards advertising mobile phones, but go just a few kilometres beyond a handful of fast-growing towns, and mobile phones become useless.

Multiple SIM cards help users navigate patchy network coverage and take advantage of price promotions from rival operators.

That is typical of much of the continent.

With a population of just over a billion people, Africa has over 700 million SIM cards, but with most users owning at least two cards, penetration is only about 33 per cent, according to a study released in November by industry research firm Wireless Intelligence.

“If we look at the fact that the rural population of Africa is about 60-70 per cent of the population, and if we look at the degree of penetration into the rural market, it’s very, very low,” said Spiwe Chireka of advisory firm IDC.

In Nigeria, Africa’s most populous country, there are more than enough SIM cards for everyone, but penetration is only 61 per cent, according to a last year study by research firm Informa.

The average mobile phone user in Nigeria owns an average of 2.39 SIM cards. Globally, only Indonesia is higher, with an average of 2.62 SIM cards per user.

Even in Africa’s biggest economy, South Africa, SIM numbers comfortably exceed the population, but given the number of people using multiple devices, actual population penetration is closer to 80 per cent, says market leader Vodacom.

“You’ve got a lot of people buying SIMs, but maybe not enough phones to put it in,” said Olayemi Jinadu, an executive with the Sierra Leone arm of Indian telco Bharti Airtel .

The unserved rural millions could represent another growth opportunity for Africa-focused telcos like South Africa’s MTN Group, Bharti Airtel and Kuwait’s Zain, but first they have to figure out a cost-effective way to push into sub-Saharan Africa’s remote corners.

“There’s great potential, but the big concern for us is operational costs,” said Andre Claasson, chief operating officer at Zain South Sudan.

In rural Africa, the cost of running a network tower often exceeds the revenue it reaps. Fuel is typically about 40 per cent of a tower’s operating cost, and in remote areas companies burn more diesel by bringing fuel to towers than is used powering them.

Although roughly 73 per cent of Africa’s land has mobile phone coverage, according to market research firm IDC, that still leaves vast tracts of rural Africa without network access.

Africa has 170,000 mobile towers now and needs another 60,000, according to tower company IHS Group, which at an average $200,000 each means an outlay of $12 billion.

“If you are an operator asked to spend $200,000 to build a site and another $2,000 a month to run it in an area with 500 people herding cows, it doesn’t make sense,” said Issam Darwish, IHS’s chief executive.

Average revenue per user is also low. It can vary between $1 and $10 per month, much lower than in developed markets such as the United States, which delivered ARPU of $51 last year or Britain, $27.

Bharti, sub-Saharan Africa’s third-largest telecom group, says it makes $6.40 per user in Africa, which is higher than its home Indian market, where it makes only $3.30 a month, but the cost of operating in Africa is much higher and there isn’t a comparable middle class ready and able to spend more.

“You either have a handful of people in the affluent part of the society or you have lots of people who can’t afford the services,” its chairman, Sunil Mittal, said last year.

Operators can save money by sharing towers, but even then, some sites will never make sense without government subsidies, analysts say.

African expansion has not been cheap for telcos. Over the past five years, mobile operators have spent a combined US$16.5 billion on capital expenditure in the key markets of South Africa, Nigeria, Kenya, Senegal and Ghana, according to Wireless Intelligence.

Bharti has earmarked US$1.5 billion for capex this year, while fourth-placed France Telecom is spending US$9.3 billion between 2010 and 2015.

Spare cash is increasingly rare for debt-strapped European telecoms operators, which are cutting their dividends to cope with falling revenues and network upgrade costs in their home markets.

Some African regulators have set up funds to promote coverage, to which operators are expected to contribute.

In Sierra Leone, the Universal Access Development Fund (UADF) is yet to subsidise the cost of putting up a single mast, though it has been active for several years. The regulator complains networks do not contribute the fees they should.

“If we can’t subsidise, they’ll never erect towers there,” said Bashir Kamara, Project Manager at UADF.


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NITDA Empowers 50 Enugu Youths with Digital Tools, Hails Mbah’s Support

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In a significant step toward deepening digital inclusion in Enugu State, the National Information Technology Development Agency (NITDA) has empowered 50 young innovators with digital tools, while commending Governor Peter Mbah for his pivotal support of the Agency’s South-East Zonal Office.

NITDA Empowers 50 Enugu Youths with Digital Tools, Hails Mbah's Support

NITDA

Delivering the goodwill message at the event, NITDA Director General Kashifu Inuwa, represented by Dr. Aristotle Onumo, Director of Stakeholders Management and Partnerships, described the Governor’s commitment as instrumental to the successful launch and rapid performance of the Zonal Office, now recognised as one of NITDA’s top-performing offices nationwide.

“Inuwa noted that Enugu, historically known as Nigeria’s coal city, is undergoing a transition from natural-resource reliance to a knowledge-driven economy. ‘Enugu was once an energy capital powering industries from beneath the earth. Today, the energy driving Enugu is the creativity, talent, and determination of its young people,’” the DG’s message read.

Highlighting the role of digital technology in global economic growth, Inuwa cited projections that the digital economy could contribute up to $23 trillion to global GDP in the coming years, stressing that investment in digital skills today will shape national prosperity tomorrow.

As part of the initiative, over 900 youths registered on NITDA’s digital training platform, with 50 outstanding participants receiving digital tools to enhance their skills and foster innovation. Additionally, 250 participants were recognised for their dedication and excellence throughout the training.

“Nigeria must not only consume technology but create it. Innovation must become our currency, and digital skills must become the bridge to opportunity,” Inuwa emphasised, noting NITDA’s goal of achieving 70 percent digital literacy among Nigerians by 2027.

The initiative aligns with the Agency’s broader strategy to shift the nation from a resource-based economy to a knowledge-based economy driven by innovation, entrepreneurship, and technology.

Governor Peter Mbah, in his remarks, described the festival as more than a technology conference, calling it “a reinforcement of intent” and a validation of the state’s ambition to become a credible node in Nigeria’s growing innovation ecosystem.

Drawing a comparison between Enugu’s historic coal industry and its emerging digital future, he observed that while coal once powered industries across Europe and West Africa, the economic benefits largely left the state.

Today, he argued, Enugu’s greatest resource is its people—their creativity, skills, and innovative potential.

By investing in technology, education, and digital infrastructure, Mbah envisions a future where the state harnesses local talent to generate value, turning ideas into globally competitive solutions and establishing Enugu as a hub of knowledge and digital innovation.

Referencing global technology giants such as Apple, Microsoft, Amazon, Meta, and Tesla, he stressed that control over digital infrastructure is the key to economic leverage in the 21st century.

“Find what is broken, understand it deeply, and fix it properly,” he advised, underscoring that innovation is not about glamour but solving real problems.

He highlighted Enugu’s progress in embedding artificial intelligence in security operations, digitising core government functions, and introducing Geographic Information Systems in land administration to enhance efficiency and strengthen land rights.

Earlier, Dr. Prince Lawrence Ezeh, Enugu State Commissioner for Innovation, Science, and Technology, delivered the welcoming address, highlighting the progress made since the inaugural edition of the festival.

He noted that thousands of youths have been trained through digital skills initiatives, strategic partnerships have been launched—including Nigeria’s largest tech hub initiative—and technology clusters in blockchain and gaming have expanded, positioning Enugu as an emerging national tech leader.

Dr. Ezeh outlined the core objectives of ETF 2026: transforming businesses through innovative strategies aligned with the digital economy, and strengthening communities by fostering collaboration and resilience.

He also revealed ongoing reforms to embed technology across governance and public services, including advanced real-time security systems, smart green schools, and modernised public service platforms.

Other dignitaries in attendance included Anna Vesterholm, Ambassador of Sweden to Nigeria; Aminu Maida, Executive Vice Chairman of the Nigerian Communications Commission; alongside captains of industry and leading technology experts.


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Sophos Report: Identity Attacks Drive 67% of Cyber Incidents as Threat Groups Surge in 2025

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Sophos, a global leader of innovative security solutions for defeating cyberattacks, today released the 2026 Sophos Active Adversary Report.

Sophos Report: Identity Attacks Drive 67% of Cyber Incidents as Threat Groups Surge in 2025

John Shier

It reveals that 67% of all incidents investigated by Sophos Incident Response (IR) and Managed Detection and Response (MDR) teams last year were rooted in identity-related attacks.

The findings highlight how attackers continue to exploit compromised credentials, weak or missing multifactor authentication (MFA), and poorly protected identity systems, often without needing to deploy new tools or techniques.

Key findings include:

  • A shift from exploited vulnerabilities toward compromised credentials, with brute-force activity (15.6%) drawing almost level with exploitation (16%) as an initial access method
  • Median dwell time declined to three days. This was driven by attackers’ movements, but also by defenders reacting more swiftly. This was particularly notable in MDR environments.
  • Attackers are getting faster at reaching Active Directory (AD). Once an attacker is inside an organization it takes them just 3.4 hours to get to the AD server.

·       Ransomware  remains a firmly off-hours activity. 88% of ransomware payloads are deployed out of hours, and 79% of data exfiltration actions take place out of hours, emphasising the continued need for 24/7 coverage.

  • Lack of telemetry undermines defense efforts. Missing logs due to data retention issues doubled over last year. This rise was largely driven by firewall appliances where the default was only seven days, and in some cases, 24 hours.

Identity Attacks Accelerate While MFA Gaps Persist

The report shows a continued rise in attacks rooted in identity compromise, including stolen credentials, brute-force activity, and phishing. 

While exploited vulnerabilities remain a factor, attackers increasingly rely on valid accounts to gain initial access, allowing them to bypass traditional perimeter defenses. 

There was also a lack of MFA in 59% of cases, facilitating the abuse of stolen and compromised credentials to penetrate an organization.

“The most concerning finding in the report has actually been years in the making: The dominance of identity-related root causes for successful initial access.

“Compromised credentials, brute-force attacks, phishing, and other tactics leverage weaknesses that can’t be addressed by simple patch hygiene. Organizations must take a proactive approach to identity security,” said John Shier, Field CISO and lead author of the report.

More Threat Groups, Broader Risk

Sophos researchers observed the highest number of active threat groups recorded in the report’s history, expanding the overall threat landscape and increasing the challenge of attribution.

  • Akira (GOLD SAHARA) and Qilin (GOLD FEATHER) were the most active ransomware brands observed, with Akira dominating across 22% of incidents
  • 51 ransomware brands appeared across cases, including 27 returning brands and 24 new ones
  • Only four brands or techniques, LockBit, MedusaLocker, Phobos, and abuse of BitLocker, have persisted continuously since 2020, the first year of Active Adversary Report data

“Law enforcement action continues to cause disruption in the ransomware ecosystem. Although we still see activity from LockBit, the dominance and reputation it once had has clearly been impacted.

“However, it means we are seeing a raft of other groups vying for dominance and many more emerging groups. For defenders, it’s important to understand the groups and their TTPs in order to best protect your organization,” continued Shier.

AI Hype Meets Reality

Despite widespread predictions, Sophos found no evidence of a major AI-driven transformation in attacker behavior. While generative AI has increased the speed and polish of phishing and social engineering, it has not yet produced fundamentally new attack techniques.

“AI is adding scale and noise but not yet replacing attackers. While in the future GenAI could be the next accelerator, right now the fundamentals still matter: strong identity protection, reliable telemetry, and the ability to respond quickly when something goes wrong,” said Shier.

Defensive Takeaways

Based on the findings of the 2026 Active Adversary Report, Sophos recommends organizations:

  • Deploy phishing-resistant MFA and validate its configuration
  • Reduce exposure of identity infrastructure and internet-facing services
  • Patch known vulnerabilities promptly, especially on edge devices
  • Ensure 24/7 monitoring through MDR or equivalent capabilities
  • Preserve and retain security logs to support rapid detection and investigation

 The 2026 Sophos Active Adversary Report analyzed 661 IR and MDR cases handled between November 1, 2024 and October 31, 2025, spanning organizations across 70 countries and 34 industries.

You can read the full report here[SE1] . https://www.sophos.com/en-us/blog/2026-sophos-active-adversary-report 


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NDPC Urges Education Ministry to Prioritise Data Protection Compliance

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Nigeria Data Protection Commission (NDPC) has urged the Federal Ministry of Education to ensure strict compliance with data privacy regulations across Nigeria’s education sector to protect personal information and bolster the nation’s digital infrastructure.

NDPC Urges Education Ministry to Prioritise Data Protection Compliance

NDPC

National Commissioner and Chief Executive Officer of NDPC, Dr. Vincent Olatunji, issued the call during a working visit to the Minister of Education, Dr. Tunji Alausa, and the Minister of State, Dr. Suwaiba Said Ahmad.

Dr. Olatunji highlighted a significant compliance gap in how educational institutions manage sensitive data, noting that while data underpins President Bola Tinubu’s Renewed Hope Agenda, adherence to protection laws remains low in the sector.

“The significance of data protection cannot be overemphasized as Nigeria transitions to a digital economy,” Dr. Olatunji stated, calling on the Ministry to lead efforts in regulatory compliance.

He outlined NDPC initiatives to raise awareness, including the Digital Privacy Awareness Campaign, Data Privacy Clubs in universities, the Secondary School Data Challenge, and the Adopt-A-School programme, which reached about 8,000 students during National Privacy Week.

The NDPC boss urged the Minister to leverage his office for sector-wide enforcement.

Dr. Olatunji offered free induction training for Ministry staff, Virtual Privacy Academy (VPA) vouchers, and spots in a free certification programme. A joint working group was established to drive implementation.

In response, Dr. Alausa acknowledged that data protection has often been approached with levity but affirmed alignment with the government’s goal of producing 50 million digitally literate citizens.

“It is high time all Ministries, Departments, and Agencies prioritise data protection,” Dr. Alausa said, pledging commitment to elevate schools and educational bodies to global standards.


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