E-Financial
The Role of E-Payment Systems in Doing Business in Nigeria
By Rotimi Adeniyi-Akintola
Countries the world over are witnessing the rapid evolution of payment systems. These changes follow the technological shift from traditional modes of payment such as cash, cheques and cards, to the digital frontier of virtual currency and mobile platforms.
According to Capgemini and BNP Paribas World Payments Report, global non-cash transactions broke a decade-long record for growth in 2014-2015, with growth volumes in excess of 11%; to reach more than 433 billion transactions.
Two regions fuelled this increase: emerging Asia with a growth rate of 43.4% and CEMEA (Central Europe, Middle East, and Africa), with 16.4% growth. Nowhere has the growth of e-payment been more evident than in Africa.
The swell of different means of electronic payments (e-payment) and mobile payments continues to have a direct impact on local economies in Africa.
Whilst Kenya remains the continent-leader in this regard, thanks to the emergence of the likes of M-Pesa. Nigeria has also witnessed a sizeable increase in the volume of e-payments in recent years.
However, without significantly increasing the rate of financial inclusion in the country through innovative methods, some of which are discussed below, Nigeria runs the risk of never fully actualizing the expansive potential of e-payments on her economy.
Electronic or “E”-payments have significant economic benefits for individuals and businesses alike. Electronic payment lowers costs for businesses, as the more payments they can process electronically, the less they spend on paper and postage.
The convenience of e-payments can also help businesses improve customer retention, in comparison with those offering only traditional means of payments. The direct impacts of e-payments on a country’s GDP are well known and documented.
In 2016, a report by Moody’s Analytics on “The Impact of Electronic Payments on Economic Growth” stated that the explosion of e-payments resulted in an added US$460 million to Nigeria’s GDP from 2011 to 2015.
According to Christine Lagarde, Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), Nigeria could save as much as US$9 billion – N3.24 trillion by shifting government payments alone from cash to digital systems.
She was further quoted as saying that such a shift creates the potential to help reduce corruption, increase revenues, and generate investments in health and education.
What this means is that digital tools could be a decisive factor for Nigeria in meeting the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals.
If the expected effect of the shift of government payments alone to e-payment would result in such huge gains, the impact of a similar shift in the private sector would certainly drive economic growth to seismic proportions.
However, despite the adoption of digital payments, cash continues to be utilized as the mainstream mode of payment in Nigeria, especially for low-value transactions.
Cash remains hugely popular in Nigeria, due to the anonymity it affords, the lack of adequate modernised payment infrastructure, and challenges with access to banking systems for the majority of Nigerians (financial inclusion). Other systemic challenges include the poor state of basic infrastructure; particularly electricity/power and telecommunications infrastructure.
Low literacy levels, infrastructure vandalism, and security issues mount further pressures on the shift to more advanced payment systems. Nonetheless, efforts to surmount these obstacles abound, and the opportunity to develop secure and efficient e-payment instruments to drive further economic growth, exists for Nigeria.
What is financial inclusion, and why is it important?
Financial inclusion is one of the major challenges to the growth of e-payments in Nigeria. Despite the Central Bank of Nigeria’s (CBN) target of 80% financial inclusion by the year 2020, the nation continues to struggle to provide financial products and services to its adult population, particularly the low-income demographic.
Financial inclusion matters, as it is one of the most important drivers of economic development. The benefits of financial inclusion for the poor are extremely significant.
Money which sits outside the banking system; in drawers, mattresses and the like, is unable to appreciate in value by earning interest, and hence has a lower worth or net present value when used in the future.
Financial inclusion would provide low income individuals and families with the means to safely make day-to-day transactions, safeguard their meagre savings, manage cash flow spikes and build working capital.
This capital can finance small businesses or micro-enterprises, mitigate shocks and expenses related to unexpected events such as medical emergencies, and improve overall welfare.
According to a 2016 report by Enhancing Financial Innovation & Access (EFInA), a financial sector development organisation, 40.1 million Nigerian adults, representing 41.6% of the adult population are financially excluded – do not have access to bank accounts or financial services. This is a huge setback to the drive towards more advanced e-payment solutions.
Radical measures are required to effectively provide a population of over 170 million citizens with access to financial services.
To this end, the Nigerian government has introduced key regulatory initiatives to drive financial inclusion and electronic payments. In 2012, the cashless society project – to make Nigeria a top-20 economy by 2020 was introduced, as part of a larger Financial System Strategy 2020 vision to boost Nigeria’s financial system.
Further, in 2017, the CBN reintroduced charges for cash handling, starting with 1.5% for cash deposits and 2% for cash withdrawals between 500,000 to 1,000,000 naira. These measures have not been enough to catalyse Nigeria’s financial inclusion goals.
Boosting Financial Inclusion and E-payments
A major untapped resource for advancing financial inclusion would be to leverage existing telecommunications networks. Current mobile penetration stands at over 238,116,977active lines according to the Nigerian Communications Commission, with 21 million smartphones in circulation according to Jumia Mobile Report 2018. Compared to the 97.57 million bank accounts reported by the Nigeria Inter-Bank Settlement System (NIBSS) as being in existence in February 2017, it is evident that more Nigerians own mobile phones than those that operate bank accounts, even accounting for double or multiple mobile line registrations.
A report by KPMG Africa, estimated that only 30 million Nigerians have access to bank accounts.
There is therefore a clear incentive to harness mobile penetration as a means of driving e-payments and in turn driving economic growth.
The example of Kenya could provide some guidance here. Kenyans transacted a record US$33 billion on mobile money transactions in 2016, up from US$27.8 billion from the previous year, according to data from the Central Bank of Kenya.
In recognising this potential, and in an effort to bolster the use of mobile money, the CBN has repealed its decision to exclude telecommunications companies in Nigeria entirely from operating as purveyors of mobile money.
Approval was given to Globacom, Nigeria’s second national operator, to create 500,000 mobile money agent outlets in the country through the Glo Xchange, a mobile money agent network in partnership with 3 commercial banks.
Whilst this is a positive development, much more is required by the CBN in opening mobile payments to the telecommunications companies without restricting them to commercial banks. This will further harness their rich subscriber base.
The CBN is advised to identify opportunities to engage stakeholders and experts in dialogue, to identify avenues for collaboration on mobile payments, and mitigate potential problem areas.
The role of e-payments and financial inclusion in Nigeria’s economy will be further discussed at the “Technology as a Catalyst for the Ease of Doing Business” Conference 2018, due to hold on October 5, 2018, organised by Perchstone & Graeys and Knowledge Resources Limited, in conjunction with The Presidential Enabling Business Environment Council (PEBEC).
If interested, kindly send an email to editor@perchstoneandgraeys.com to express your interest in attending this conference.
Eight leading Nigerian banks collectively set aside N156 billion as impairment charges on their credit and financial assets, marking a significant financial impact amidst a challenging economic environment, in the opening quarter of 2025.
Known commonly as loan losses or credit impairments, these charges highlight the banks’ defensive measures against risks arising from inflation, naira depreciation, and tightened liquidity affecting consumers and businesses alike.
The level of impairment varied considerably across institutions, reflecting divergent risk appetites and credit management practices.
Zenith Bank led with the highest provision of N49.38 billion, an 11.8 percent reduction from the previous year’s N55.97 billion.
This decline may suggest enhanced asset quality or more rigorous loan recovery tactics.
Broken down, loans and advances contributed N35.95 billion to impairments, while investment securities and treasury bills added N7.1 billion and N2.16 billion respectively.
Despite heavy provisioning, Zenith recorded a notable 20.7 percent increase in post-tax profit, soaring from N258.34 billion to N311.83 billion.
Similar trends emerged at First HoldCo, which posted N37.25 billion in impairment (down 11.2 percent), driven mainly by loans and advances provisions of N41.23 billion.
Offsetting this were write-offs and reversals that mitigated losses.
First HoldCo’s profit, however, fell to N171.10 billion from N208.11 billion.
Access Holdings and Guaranty Trust Holding Company also demonstrated reduced impairment charges, indicating stronger credit monitoring.
Access’s net provision dropped 4.5 percent to N21.77 billion, while Guaranty Trust’s impairment stabilized near last year’s N13.42 billion figure.
Yet, Guaranty Trust’s profit plunged 43.6 percent to N258.03 billion, a striking contrast to other banks’ profit growth.
On the other hand, United Bank for Africa (UBA) faced a staggering 332.2 percent surge in impairment, from N3.28 billion to N14.18 billion—pointing to amplified credit risks possibly driven by external economic pressures.
Nonetheless, UBA recorded a 33.1 percent profit uptick to N189.84 billion.
FCMB’s impairment charge fell notably by nearly 60 percent to N9.52 billion, aided by significant recoveries of previously written-off loans, boosting its profit to N32.23 billion.
Meanwhile, Fidelity Bank and Wema Bank posted sharp rises in impairment—285.8 percent and 64.7 percent increases respectively—reflecting heightened write-downs that underscore growing risk exposure amidst portfolio expansions.
Overall, while the cumulative impairment charge diminished by 5.2 percent compared to Q1 2024, individual bank results were mixed, embodying the varied strategies and external pressures in Nigeria’s banking sector.
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has revealed plans to commence investigation into the activities of an entity operating under FF Tiffany, allegedly running a fraudulent investment scheme that has defrauded citizens.
A statement by SEC on Tuesday in Abuja said preliminary information revealed that the scheme, which promised investors unusually high and unrealistic returns, had resulted in the loss of several billions of naira.
The SEC said it viewed the activity as a threat to investor confidence and the overall integrity of the financial system.
The commission assured the public that it was working closely with law enforcement agencies and other relevant bodies to bring everyone involved in the unlawful operation to justice.
According to SEC, those found culpable will be prosecuted in accordance with Investment and Securities Act (ISA) and regulatory provisions.
SEC reiterated its earlier warnings to the general public to desist from engaging in Ponzi or unregistered investment schemes that promised guaranteed or exaggerated returns.
”These schemes are not registered with the SEC and do not offer investor protection under the law.
“The commission is currently investigating 79 schemes and will make a statement on its findings at the conclusion of the investigation,” the SEC said.
The commission encouraged investors to conduct due diligence and verify the registration status of any investment firm or product by visiting the SEC website or contacting the commission directly through official channels.
SEC said it remained committed to its mandate of protecting investors, ensuring fair practices, and maintaining confidence in Nigeria’s capital market.
Accion Microfinance Bank has unveiled AccionMonie, a next-generation digital financial services platform aimed at empowering individuals, micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), as well as low-income households across Nigeria.
Speaking at the official launch in Abuja, Chief Executive Officer of Accion MfB, Taiwo Joda, described the introduction of AccionMonie as a significant milestone and a testament to the bank’s culture of innovation, designed to meet the evolving needs of its customers.
“At Accion Microfinance Bank, we believe in the potential of every MSME to drive inclusive economic growth. That is why we are committed to empowering them with the financial support they need to grow, innovate, and make a lasting impact in their communities and beyond,” Joda said.
He added that the app provides instant access to essential services including loans, savings, and other forms of financial support.
According to Joda, AccionMonie is a strategic component of the bank’s “Always There to Lend You a Hand” campaign, which underscores its commitment to small business development and the economic upliftment of underserved households. The campaign positions Accion MfB as not only a financial institution but also a trusted partner in its customers’ journey to prosperity.
Highlighting the economic role of MSMEs in Nigeria, he noted that with an estimated 37 million MSMEs, the sector accounts for 86% of employment and contributes 48% to Nigeria’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). However, these enterprises continue to face major challenges such as limited access to finance, inadequate infrastructure, and an unfavourable business environment.
Also speaking at the launch, the bank’s Chief Commercial Officer, Stephen Olalere, said the combination of AccionMonie and the bank’s expansive network of over 74 branches across 12 states will help bridge the gap in financial service delivery to small businesses.
“The platform’s user-friendly features are designed to simplify payments and offer vital support to businesses and individuals alike,” he said.
Paul Ehiagbonare, Chief Digital Officer of the bank, described the launch as a bold step toward digital leadership and financial empowerment.
“For us, AccionMonie reflects customer empowerment through digital tools and technologies. It offers a range of customer-focused features designed to promote financial inclusion,” he said.
One of its standout features is Save2Loan, which allows users to save between ₦50,000 and ₦250,000 over a 90-day period and become eligible for a loan worth twice their saved amount. This, Ehiagbonare explained, will help promote a savings culture while enhancing credit access.
In addition, customers can conveniently fund their AccionMonie accounts using any debit card, eliminating the need for physical visits or long queues in banking halls.
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