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Why Ponzi Schemes Thrive Despite Risks

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Largely unheralded for a long time, Ponzi schemes came to the consciousness of the entire nation in 2016. With the descent of the Nigerian economy into its first full depression in over two decades, many embraced the rise of these money-spinning schemes as a way out. 

At the height of its fame, Mavrodi Mundial Movement (MMM), one of the most popular, had over three million Nigerians on its subscriber list.

Despite the crash of this and many others that came after it, many are still succumbing to the lure of Ponzi schemes.

In this piece, the Research/Development Unit of Yudala, Nigeria’s fastest growing e-commerce outfit – x-rays why Ponzi schemes remain popular in spite of their clear and present dangers.

1.Mouth-watering and quick returns:
In its hey-day, MMM offered Nigerians huge interests on their investment, as much as 30% within a period of 30 days. Hence, an investment of N100,000, for instance, was bound to earn the investor about N130,000 in addition to other bonuses that will reportedly accrue.  Same template was followed by the tons of other Ponzi schemes that followed; each looking to out-do the other in the terms offered. In the view of many, not even the banks or other financial institutions can match such returns.

2.Slick marketing:
 The operators of the various Ponzi schemes all have one thing in common: the ability to present the benefits of the scheme in glowing terms. Take the example of Twinkas, another very popular investment scheme that gained huge popularity when MMM suspended operations in December 2016: “It’s not a get-rich-quick scheme. It’s ‘get-rich-quicker’ through systematic effort and the compounding of effort through groups of people.” Another one, Joyful Donor which promised 100% returns on investments within 24 hours, claims to “connect donors to impact and outcomes increase satisfaction and giving.”
Many Nigerians have fallen for these slick marketing techniques at their own peril…

3.Tough economic climate:
Nigeria fell into its full recession in 29 years at the turn of last year. Data from the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and other data agencies revealed that the economy experienced its first full-year recession due to drop in oil output to a 27-year low and reported paralysis in other sectors, mainly as a result of foreign exchange shortages. With job losses in various sectors and inflation rising to double digit figures, many distraught Nigerians were in desperate search of a lifeline. In came all manner of Ponzi schemes promising incredulous returns on investments.  These schemes, with newer ones popping up and dropping off on a regular basis, remain quite popular among Nigerians.

4.Free (and massive) publicity:
When it discovered the huge number of Nigerians being drawn into the risky net of Ponzi schemes, the Nigerian government and its regulatory agencies decided to sound a note of caution. Various public financial and anti-graft institutions, including the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), Nigerian Deposit Insurance Corporation (NDIC) and Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) repeatedly warned that the schemes are fraudulent and that those investing in them may lose their money. Commendable as the warnings were, it also inadvertently played into the hands of the operators of these schemes by making them more popular.

5.Lucrative referral system:
Ponzi schemes thrive on promises of extraordinary returns through a system which relies on regularly recruiting loads of new subscribers or investors for it to remain afloat. As a result, attractive incentives are offered to “Guiders” or those who succeed in recruiting new investors. As conspicuously displayed on the website of one of these schemes: “You get 10% from all deposits of the participant you invited. Inviting new members into the Community is your additional contribution to its development. But nobody force (sic) the members of the Community to invite new participants. But at the same time, understanding that the network can’t exist without development and participants’ encouragement in the form of referral bonuses motivate many people to take an active position.” Slick, isn’t it?

6.Faceless and sophisticated nature of operations:
The NDIC revealed the sheer scale and popularity of a particularly (in)famous Ponzi scheme when it disclosed that, an ‎estimated three million Nigerians lost N18billion when MMM suspended payment to investors last December. This has not deterred operators from floating other numerous investment schemes and ensnaring more gullible “investors” in its unsustainable fold. Recently, the Dangote Group raised the alarm over another Ponzi scheme in circulation alleging partnership between the “Dangote brand, Nestle, Cussons and other reputable food processing companies” in launching a multi-level marketing initiative that intends to “fight hunger, poverty and stop recession” by paying participants in food.

Most Ponzi schemes are run by faceless individuals who boldly disclaim any forms of liabilities on their websites.

Indeed, it is believed that most of these schemes, although painted as distinct with different marketing pick-up lines, operations and branding, are actually run by the same set of individuals out of choice locations such as Dubai and the United Arab Emirates.

Most of these chaps are young and digitally-savvy individuals, for whom the absence of the risk of discovery and legal consequences means a chance to float more of these dubious investment schemes.


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E-Financial

Polaris Bank Targets Youth with Financial Literacy Drive

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As conversations around money become more complex in a fast-evolving digital world, the need to Building Financially Smart Future and equip young people with the right financial knowledge, has never been more urgent.

Polaris Bank Targets Youth with Financial Literacy Drive

Polaris Bank

From spending habits to saving culture, digital transactions, and entrepreneurial thinking, financial literacy is increasingly becoming a life skill, not just a nice-to-have.

It is against this backdrop that Polaris Bank is participating in this year’s Global Money Week (GMW), a global financial awareness campaign which kicked off from Tuesday, April 7 through Thursday, April 30, 2026.

Global Money Week is an annual initiative led by Child and Youth Finance International in collaboration with key stakeholders, including financial service providers and government institutions, to inspire children and young people to learn about money management, livelihoods, and entrepreneurship.

During the 2025 edition Polaris Bank reached and impacted directly 3,372 students, across 35 secondary schools in 36 states across Nigeria.

With the 2026 theme, “Smart Money Talks,” this year’s campaign shines a spotlight on the importance of making informed financial decisions in an increasingly digital environment. It also reinforces the value of critical thinking, emotional intelligence, and sound financial judgement in helping young people navigate today’s financial realities.

For Polaris Bank, participation in Global Money Week goes beyond fulfilling a statutory obligation. It reflects the Bank’s broader commitment to advancing financial literacy, promoting inclusion, and empowering the next generation with practical knowledge that can shape better financial behaviour and long-term economic wellbeing.

In line with the directive of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) through the Financial Literacy Secretariat, Polaris Bank will conduct Financial Literacy Sessions in schools across states where it maintains branch presence. These sessions will provide students and young adults with useful insights into key areas such as; saving, budgeting, responsible use of financial products, digital financial services, and entrepreneurship.

The initiative also presents an important opportunity for the Bank to engage directly with young people at a formative stage in their lives, helping them build confidence in money matters and make more informed choices as they grow into financially active adults.

At a time when financial decisions are increasingly shaped by technology, peer influence, and instant access to digital tools, Polaris Bank believes that early education is critical to helping young people distinguish between impulse and intention, trend and truth, convenience and responsibility.

By taking financial literacy conversations into schools, the Bank is not only supporting a national mandate but also contributing to the development of a generation that is better informed, more financially aware, and more capable of making smart choices for the future.

Polaris Bank remains committed to initiatives that create meaningful impact, strengthen communities, and empower individuals through knowledge-driven engagement.


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See Key Changes in BVN Rule from May 1 by CBN

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Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) is implementing stricter Bank Verification Number (BVN) regulations, including limiting phone number changes to only once in a lifetime.

See Key Changes in BVN Rule from May 1 by CBN

This will take effect from May 1.

Also, mobile apps will be restricted to one device, a 24-hour temporary watch-list for suspicious transactions will be enforced, and enrollment is restricted to individuals aged 18 and above.

Other key changes are:

One Device Policy: Mobile banking apps will be restricted to one device, with automatic logout when accessing another device.

Fraud Watchlist: BVNs linked to suspicious activity will be placed on a 24-hour, temporary, or permanent blacklist, temporarily freezing accounts.

Age Restriction: Enrollment for BVN is now restricted to individuals aged 18 and above.

Data Correction: Changes to BVN profile details (Name, DOB) are also heavily restricted, allowing only one-time corrections to data.


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Paga Group Rejigs Leadership as Oviosu, Founder Becomes Group CEO

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Paga Group has announced a major leadership restructuring, marking 17 years of operation and signalling a strategic shift toward deeper financial infrastructure development, emerging technologies, and expansion across Africa.

Paga Group Rejigs Leadership as Oviosu, Founder Becomes Group CEO

Tayo Oviosu, founder (front) and Ope Oyinloye, Group COO and CEO of Paga Nigeria

With the restructuring, Tayo Oviosu, founder, is now the Group CEO, while Ope Oyinloye has been appointed Group COO and CEO of Paga Nigeria, in an acting capacity, pending regulatory approval from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN).

Oviosu will also serve as executive chairman of the Group Board and non-executive chairman of Paga Nigeria.

He will be leading Paga Labs, driving geographic expansion, and overseeing fundraising efforts.

The fintech company said the changes represent a transition from its foundational phase into a new growth chapter, known as ‘Act 2’, focused on connecting Africans to global financial systems, scaling innovation, and entering new markets.

To support this transition, the company announced key leadership changes. advertisement

Jay Alabraba, co-founder, has been appointed group director of Special Projects, where he will initially lead the company’s expansion into lending and support new market entry initiatives.

Speaking on the transition, Oviosu said the company’s mission remains unchanged but its approach continues to evolve.

“Act 1 proved that we could build a profitable, high-growth infrastructure business that the world’s leading companies trust. Act 2 is about taking that infrastructure to its full potential—connecting Africans to global financial rails, moving into new markets, and leading the next wave of financial technology,” he said.

Oyinloye added that his focus will be on sustaining operational excellence while scaling the company’s next phase of growth.

With the new structure in place, Paga is positioning itself to play a more significant role in shaping the future of financial services across Africa, particularly as digital payments, blockchain technologies, and AI-driven solutions gain traction across the continent.

Paga has since evolved into a full-stack financial services infrastructure provider. Its offerings now span enterprise solutions through Paga Engine, consumer services via the Paga app, and merchant tools under Doroki.

The company’s first phase delivered significant growth. Between 2021 and 2025, total transaction value processed increased 17-fold to $11 billion across 169 million transactions in 2025 alone, with more than $1.5 billion processed monthly.

Net revenues grew five times within the same period, underscoring the scalability of its model.

Paga also expanded its enterprise footprint, with over 265 clients which include global firms such as PayPal, Meta, Amazon, LemFi, Tencent, Pesa, and Verto building on its infrastructure.

The company was further recognised by the Financial Times and Statista as one of Africa’s fastest-growing companies for three consecutive years from 2023 to 2025.

As part of its new strategic direction, Paga outlined three priorities which are strengthening its financial infrastructure to connect local and global payment systems; advancing emerging technologies such as stablecoins, cryptocurrency, and artificial intelligence through its innovation arm, Paga Labs; and expanding into new African markets.


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