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The Power of Chaos: A Robust and Low-Cost Cryptosystem for the Post-Quantum Era

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Fast algorithms on quantum computers could easily break many widely used cryptosystems, necessitating more innovative solutions for digital security.

In a recent study, a team of scientists designed a stream cipher consisting of three cryptographic primitives based on independent mathematical models of chaos.

The resulting cryptographic approach is robust to attacks from large-scale quantum computers and can be implemented on low-cost computers, paving the way to secure digital communications in the post-quantum era.

While for most of us cryptographic systems are things that just run “under the hood,” they are an essential element in the world of digital communications.

However, the upcoming rise of quantum computers could shake the field of cryptography to its core. Fast algorithms running on these machines could break some of the most widely used cryptosystems, rendering them vulnerable.

Well aware of this looming threat, cryptography researchers worldwide are working on novel encryption methods that can withstand attacks from quantum computers.

Chaos theory is actively being studied as a basis for post-quantum era cryptosystems. In mathematics, chaos is a property of certain dynamic systems that makes them extremely sensitive to initial conditions.

While technically deterministic (non-random), these systems evolve in such complex ways that predicting their long-term state with incomplete information is practically impossible, since even small rounding errors in the initial conditions yield diverging results.

This unique characteristic of chaotic systems can be leveraged to produce highly secure cryptographic systems, as a team of researchers from Ritsumeikan University, Japan, showed in a recent study published in IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I.

Led by Professor Takaya Miyano, the team developed an unprecedented stream cipher consisting of three cryptographic primitives based on independent mathematical models of chaos.

The first primitive is a pseudorandom number generator based on the augmented Lorenz (AL) map. The pseudorandom numbers produced using this approach are used to create key streams for encrypting/decrypting messages, which take the stage in the second and perhaps most remarkable primitive—an innovative method for secret-key exchange.

This novel strategy for exchanging secret keys specifying the AL map is based on the synchronization of two chaotic Lorenz oscillators, which can be independently and randomly initialized by the two communicating users, without either of them knowing the state of the other’s oscillator.

To conceal the internal states of these oscillators, the communicating users (the sender and the receiver) mask the value of one of the variables of their oscillator by multiplying it with a locally generated random number.

The masked value of the sender is then sent to receiver and vice-versa. After a short time, when these back-and-forth exchanges cause both oscillators to sync up almost perfectly to the same state in spite of the randomization of the variables, the users can mask and exchange secret keys and then locally unmask them with simple calculations.

Finally, the third primitive is a hash function based on the logistic map (a chaotic equation of motion), which allows the sender to send a hash value and, in turn, allows the receiver to ensure that the received secret key is correct, i.e., the chaotic oscillators were synchronized properly.

The researchers showed that a stream cipher assembled using these three primitives is extremely secure and resistant to statistical attacks and eavesdropping since it is mathematically impossible to synchronize their own oscillator to either the sender’s or the receiver’s ones.

This is an unprecedented achievement, as Prof. Miyano states: “Most chaos-based cryptosystems can be broken by attacks using classical computers within a practically short time. In contrast, our methods, especially the one for secret-key exchange, appear to be robust against such attacks and, more importantly, even hard to break using quantum computers.”

In addition to its security, the proposed key exchange method is applicable to existing block ciphers, such as the widely used Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). Moreover, the researchers could implement their chaos-based stream cipher on the Raspberry Pi 4, a small-scale computer, using Python 3.8.

They even used it to securely transmit a famous painting by Johannes Vermeer between Kusatsu and Sendai, two places in Japan 600 km apart. “The implementation and running costs of our cryptosystem are remarkably low compared with those of quantum cryptography,” highlights Prof. Miyano, “Our work thus provides a cryptographic approach that guarantees the privacy of daily communications between people all over the world in the post-quantum era.”

With such power of chaos-based cryptography, we may not have much to worry about the dark sides of quantum computing.


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Tech Firms Sack over 45,000 so Far in 2026

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More than 45,000 jobs have been cut across the global technology sector in the first few months of 2026, according to data from RationalFX, signalling that the industry is still adjusting after a period of aggressive hiring rather than returning to a full growth phase.

Tech Firms Sack over 45,000 so Far in 2026

“In 2025, automation, artificial intelligence, and sustained cost-discipline measures drove much of the downsizing, with entire departments restructured or eliminated in favour of leaner, AI-assisted workflows. This trend has continued full steam into 2026,” said Alan Cohen, analyst at RationalFX.

According to the report, if the current rate of redundancies is sustained, total layoffs in 2026 could surpass the 245,000 recorded in 2025.

The majority of these layoffs have been concentrated in the United States, with major companies continuing to trim their workforce despite stable core operations.

Amazon has announced approximately 16,000 job cuts this year, while Block has also reduced thousands of roles as it tightens operations and shifts focus towards artificial intelligence.

There are indications that further reductions may follow.

Meta is reportedly considering additional layoffs as it increases investment in AI infrastructure, while PayPal and Klarna are reassessing spending and hiring strategies amid ongoing uncertainty.

Established technology firms are also undergoing restructuring. Dell has reduced its workforce by around 11,000 over the past year as part of a broader reorganisation, while Salesforce has cut approximately 1,000 roles in 2026 while aligning its teams more closely with AI-driven products.

Outside the United States, layoffs have been smaller in scale but more geographically dispersed.

Australia has reported around 2,650 job cuts so far this year, followed by Sweden with roughly 1,923 and Netherlands with about 1,700.

Other markets have also been affected. Israel and India have recorded approximately 1,539 and 1,520 layoffs respectively, with Israel’s startup ecosystem particularly sensitive to tighter funding conditions, while in India, both startups and larger IT firms have reduced headcount as global client spending slows.

In Singapore, around 1,016 layoffs have been reported, reflecting a softer hiring environment across Asia’s major technology hubs, where companies are adopting a more cautious approach amid uneven demand.

Across Europe, job cuts have been comparatively limited but still noticeable.

The United Kingdom has recorded around 1,000 layoffs, while Czech Republic and Germany have seen smaller reductions.

The broader trend suggests that technology companies are shifting towards leaner operations and more defined priorities following years of expansion. Increasing investment in automation and artificial intelligence is also reshaping the types of roles in demand.

For employees, the impact is becoming increasingly visible, with hiring slowing and becoming more selective. While opportunities remain, companies are taking a more measured approach to recruitment compared to the rapid expansion seen in previous years.

 

Further credit… .storyboard18.com

 


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Jury Finds Elon Musk Liable for Misleading Twitter Investors

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Elon Musk, a billionaire internet entrepreneur, was held responsible by a federal jury in San Francisco for deceiving Twitter shareholders during his contentious $44 billion takeover of the social media site.

Jury Finds Elon Musk Liable for Misleading Twitter Investors

Elon Musk

Following a three-week trial in a federal court in California, the verdict was handed out on Friday.

It found that Musk had made false and misleading representations in tweets that were posted in May 2022.

The jury concluded that at a crucial point in the purchase process, these remarks caused Twitter’s share price to decline.

Investor Giuseppe Pampena filed the action on behalf of stockholders who sold their Twitter stock between mid-May and early October 2022, a time when Musk’s commitment to closing the purchase was questionable.

Jurors determined that Musk violated US securities laws prohibiting deceptive statements capable of influencing market prices.

Legal representatives for the plaintiffs estimate potential damages at approximately $2.6 billion, exposing Musk to a significant financial penalty if the ruling is upheld.

In order to give Musk leverage to renegotiate the purchase price or back out of the transaction, plaintiffs contended that the statements were meant to lower Twitter’s valuation.

Musk finished the transaction in October 2022 after Twitter filed a lawsuit to enforce the arrangement, despite early attempts to end it. Later, he changed the platform’s name to X.

The ruling has been disputed by Musk’s legal team, which has confirmed plans to appeal and described it as a temporary setback.

For Musk, who has won a number of well-known court cases, the decision represents a rare setback.

Meanwhile, he was cleared in a separate defamation case in Texas and had also won a similar shareholder lawsuit in 2023 related to his 2018 tweets about taking Tesla private.


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SEC, NYSC Partner to Combat Ponzi Schemes

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Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the National Youth Service Corps (NYSC) have formalised a strategic partnership aimed at embedding financial literacy and anti-Ponzi education into the national service programme.

SEC, NYSC Partner to Combat Ponzi Schemes

This is in a move to shield young Nigerians from the growing menace of fraudulent investment schemes.

The collaboration, sealed through a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) signed in Abuja, marks a significant step toward strengthening investor education at the grassroots level by targeting thousands of corps members annually.

The agreement was executed by Emomotimi Agama, director-general, SEC, and Olakunle Oluseye Nafiu, his NYSC counterpart, at the NYSC headquarters.

At the heart of the initiative is the integration of anti-Ponzi scheme campaigns into the NYSC’s Community Development Service (CDS), specifically under its Education and Enlightenment arm.

The move is designed not only to educate corps members on identifying fraudulent investment schemes but also to cultivate a culture of responsible and informed investing among Nigeria’s youth population.

Under the terms of the agreement, the SEC will spearhead the development of comprehensive educational materials and training modules covering capital market operations, safe investment practices, and strategies for identifying and avoiding Ponzi schemes.

The Commission will also fund and facilitate specialised training sessions for selected corps members and NYSC officials, who will, in turn, serve as facilitators within their host communities.

The NYSC, on its part, will ensure the seamless integration of these training modules into its existing CDS framework. This will include structured workshops, sensitisation campaigns during orientation camps, and continuous engagement throughout the service year.

By leveraging its nationwide presence across all local government areas, the scheme is expected to amplify awareness and significantly reduce the vulnerability of young Nigerians to financial fraud.

Both institutions also pledged to collaborate on extensive public awareness campaigns using a blend of traditional media, digital platforms, and grassroots outreach initiatives.

In addition, mechanisms will be established for data sharing and performance tracking to assess the impact and effectiveness of the programme over time.

Speaking at the signing ceremony, Agama underscored the SEC’s longstanding commitment to youth development through the NYSC scheme.

He revealed that the Commission currently hosts between 160 and 180 corps members, one of the highest among public institutions in the country.

“We have consistently demonstrated our belief in the capacity of young Nigerians by providing them with opportunities to learn and grow within the capital market ecosystem.

“These corps members are not just participants; we regard them as integral members of our workforce. By equipping them with the right knowledge and values, we are preparing them to become ambassadors of sound investment practices in society,” he said.

Agama further emphasised that the initiative aligns with the Commission’s broader mandate of investor protection and market development, noting that early education remains a critical tool in combating financial scams.

In his remarks, Nafiu described the partnership as a milestone achievement and a key performance indicator for both organisations.

He commended the SEC for its proactive role in promoting trust and participation in Nigeria’s capital market, noting that the collaboration would have far-reaching benefits for the nation.

“It is important to catch them young,” he said, referring to corps members. “By instilling the right financial habits at this stage, we can prevent them from falling prey to Ponzi schemes and other fraudulent ventures.”

He assured that the NYSC would remain fully committed to implementing the agreement, adding that the execution phase would be carried out diligently to ensure maximum impact on Nigerian society.

The initiative comes at a time when Nigeria continues to grapple with the proliferation of Ponzi schemes and unregulated investment platforms, many of which have resulted in significant financial losses for unsuspecting citizens.

 


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