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Big Data: Fraud, Finances
Financial institutions have been working hard to implement technologies which better protect them and their customers.
Innovations such as chip and PIN have made cards more secure, while the introduction of two-factor authentication has also greatly helped.
However, none of these systems are perfect and fraud levels continue to rise in many countries.
Fortunately this is an area where big data can make a significant difference.
Fraud detection relies upon the use of both relational data and non-relational data – structured and unstructured data.
Banks know where our home branch is and they know within a standard range of incidences how often we take out money or use our cards.
They know where we work and the types of transactions we make most commonly. These known quantities form part of the fraud detection process.
The unpredictability of humans….
But the nature of human beings is that we do not always stick to the path most travelled. Consider a man buying an engagement ring. This is a perfect example of something which many people may only ever do once in their lives.
Looked at in terms of that data point it appears to be an entirely random act.
A man on the hunt for an engagement ring may never even have set foot in a jewellers shop in his life.
He will almost certainly have never spent a month’s wages on a single item of jewellery. In the world of data analysis such screaming anomalies should be cause for concern.
So why are more people not challenged when making this kind of transaction? Because it is incumbent upon banks not to leave us frustrated or without cash in our hour of need.
The man buying an engagement ring may have enough on his mind without having his card declined at the point of sale. For every transaction, a bank or a card issuer is dynamically analysing data and weighing up the risk of fraud.
The key lies of course in big data.
There are many types of data, unrelated even to the individual which can quickly be referenced – in split seconds thanks to the power with which big data is processed – from data relevant to that individual, such as past travel habits, to data relevant to the nature of the suspect transaction.
Patterns of where fraud has been conducted and past behaviours of the rightful card owner are a key element in detecting and predicting fraud, to the extent that diverse frauds can be traced quickly back to specific businesses where a rogue employee may be stealing card numbers or cloning cards.
Banks now have that reservoir of data related to fraudulent activity and quickly assess the likelihood of transactions being suspect.
Back to our hopeful man shopping for an engagement ring, he may go unchallenged because that reservoir of data shows that very few fraudsters try to conduct card fraud in jewellery shops. This may be because of high levels of CCTV coverage in such shops.
…is actually quite predictable
Believe it or not, the apparently unusual purchase of engagement rings is actually fairly predictable. Somebody may never have bought an engagement ring before, but his card issuer may see from his profile that he fits the bill of somebody due to.
A recent mortgage, an increased focus on saving, a second name appearing on a credit card, an expensive holiday in contrast to the budget breaks or golf holidays he has been on with his friends in the past, regular outlay on home furniture which suggests he is setting up home with somebody, a move from a sporadic expenditure on food to a more structured approach which suggests more nights in at home, less time spent in bars, more time in restaurants.
These are all behaviours which become powerful data points in the overall modelling of customer profiles.
He may think his purchase of an engagement ring is extraordinary and a huge step but his bank – or at least the data it holds – may have been able to tell it was coming for some time.
Ultimately, data has the ability to look at us dispassionately and non-judgmentally. We may think it outrageous that we celebrate a birthday once a year by spending over the odds on dinner at a fancy restaurant we’d never normally visit on any other day of the year.
But if this is something we only do once a year then the data barely needs to be sweated to find an answer as to whether this is fraudulent behaviour.
Once per year may seem occasional to us, or even out of character, because it is at odds to the way we behave on the other 364 days of the year, but the data sees a creature of habit.
It knows it’s our birthday – not least because our date of birth is among the relational data held about us. That fact can easily be linked to any spike in spending on that date.
Even our one-off purchases are almost certainly not as one-off as we think. Most people exercise a degree of financial caution and display behaviours our banks will be able to understand from the data they collect and analyse.
We may only buy one engagement ring in our lives but the money spent on that engagement ring will almost certainly be within a predictable parameter based on our salary, our regular outgoings and the value of our mean and median purchases and the statistical outliers we will have created with purchases such as a car or a house.
All of this means that the vast majority of our spending is reassuringly predictable.
The insights into our behaviour that big data analysis brings about provides a clear benchmark against which fraudulent activity can be rapidly identified and shut down.
Adebayo Sanni is country director at Oracle

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E-Business
Firm Discovered a New Corporate Phishing Technique using a Popular AI Web Development Platform

Kaspersky has discovered that attackers have begun exploiting another legitimate service for malicious purposes – this time it is Tencent EdgeOne Pages, a platform for creating and hosting web applications.

Attackers are misusing its capabilities to generate phishing emails targeting corporate users. Previously Kaspersky has described similar attacks leveraging Google services and web applications generated by Bubble, an AI-powered app builder, to hunt for corporate credentials.
Employees across multiple industries including the industrial sector, sales, and government are among the targets. The goal of the attack is to steal login credentials for corporate resources. Over the past 30 days, the company’s experts have detected more than 8,000 phishing emails using this tactic, including messages in English, Korean, and Russian.
The Tencent EdgeOne Pages service is positioned as a platform for quickly creating and deploying web applications using AI. Scammers misuse it to generate and publish phishing pages in minutes with virtually no web development skills.
Attackers host phishing pages on EdgeOne’s legitimate cloud infrastructure and use trusted domains. As a result, such sites appear to be established and secure to many protective solutions, complicating the detection of such attacks.
How the attack begins
The user receives an email from the alleged “corporate email support team”. The message states that the account login credentials will expire in 48 hours, and that failure to update them may result in problems receiving or sending emails.
To avoid restrictions, the user is prompted to click a link and enter relevant information. Phishing emails are not limited to this narrative, and could deliver any corporate message, such as a message from the HR department or a notification of a received document that should be downloaded.
Clicking the link in the email opens a page with a form for entering the victim’s name, email address, and password. It is a simple design, with virtually no additional elements.
After the user enters their login and password, the data is transferred to a server controlled by the attackers.
“We are seeing a continuation of the trend in which attackers use AI and no-code platforms as part of their phishing infrastructure. We’ve previously observed a similar scheme using the Bubble platform, and here we have yet another example.
“While the communication used in these phishing attacks is typical and has been used before multiple times, the attack technique itself significantly lowers the barrier to entry for attackers and accelerates the creation of phishing resources.
“Previously this required at least basic web development skills, but now an infrastructure for fraudulent emails can be created in minutes,” comments Roman Dedenok, Anti-Spam Expert at Kaspersky.
General News
MSMEs Paucity of Funds Receives Boost as Senate Backs Bill Seeking to Unlock Cash for them

Businesses across Nigeria, particularly micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs), may soon be able to convert unpaid invoices and credit sales into immediate cash without relying on conventional bank loans following the passage of the Factoring, Assignments and Receivables Financing Bill for second reading in the Senate.

The bill, which seeks to establish a legal framework for factoring and receivables financing, is expected to improve access to credit, boost liquidity for businesses and enhance domestic and international trade.
It also seeks to provide legal certainty for the assignment of receivables through factoring, promote transparency, modernise assignment laws and facilitate greater access to credit for businesses across the country.
Leading debate on the bill which was sent from the House of Representatives for concurrence, Senate Leader Opeyemi Bamidele said on Tuesday that the proposed legislation would create an enabling environment for debt factoring to thrive in Nigeria while defining the rights and obligations of creditors, factors and debtors involved in such transactions.
He explained that the bill provides for factoring contracts between sellers and factors and clarifies the legal relationship among parties in receivables financing arrangements.
According to Bamidele, the legislation has already passed all legislative stages in the House of Representatives and has complied with the Senate’s procedural requirements under Order 78(3) of the Senate Standing Orders.
He told lawmakers that the Senate Ad Hoc Committee on Compliance, chaired by Abdul Ningi, had scrutinised and cleared the bill for concurrence.
“The committee confirmed that all procedural requirements for consideration and concurrence by the Senate have been fully met,” he said.
Seconding the bill, Adetokunbo Abiru said the legislation would provide businesses with an alternative source of financing by enabling them to turn credit sales into cash and improve their working capital.
Abiru noted that factoring has become increasingly popular across Africa over the last decade, largely through initiatives supported by the African Export-Import Bank (Afreximbank).
He disclosed that the African factoring market is currently valued at over $50 billion, but Nigeria’s participation remains below one per cent.
According to him, countries such as Egypt and Morocco have benefited significantly from the financing model, adding that Nigeria risks missing out on the growing market without a clear regulatory framework.
“I think that passing this major legislation will help support our micro, small and medium enterprises in terms of converting most of their credit sales into cash without going through the normal borrowing arrangement,” Abiru said.
In his remarks, Ningi also assured lawmakers that the compliance committee had reviewed the bill and found no legal impediments to its passage.
Following a voice vote, the Senate approved the bill for second reading and subsequently referred it to the Committee of the Whole for clause-by-clause consideration.
Telecom
Airtel Nigeria Launches Web Data Calculator to Give Customers Greater Visibility into Data Usage

Airtel Nigeria has launched the Airtel Web Data Calculator, a new digital tool designed to help customers estimate and better understand their internet data consumption based on real-life usage patterns.

The launch comes amid a broader industry effort to improve transparency around data consumption and strengthen customer confidence in mobile broadband services.
It also aligns with ongoing collaboration between telecommunications operators and the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC) to address customer concerns about data depletion and improve quality of service across the sector.
Recent industry initiatives have included customer education campaigns, daily usage notifications, billing audits, customer engagement forums, and the development of new tools that provide greater visibility into how data is consumed.
Available through Airtel’s website, the calculator enables customers to estimate data usage across common digital activities such as video streaming, social media engagement, voice and video calls, and everyday web browsing. By translating online behaviour into understandable data estimates, the tool empowers customers to make more informed decisions about their data plans and digital habits.
Speaking on the launch, Oladokun Oye, Customer Experience Director, Airtel Nigeria, said the initiative reflects Airtel’s commitment to customer empowerment and service transparency.
“As Nigerians become increasingly dependent on digital services for work, education, entertainment and communication, it is important that customers have clear visibility into how their data is consumed. The Airtel Web Data Calculator was developed to help our customers understand their usage patterns better, make informed choices, and enjoy greater confidence in their digital experience,” he said.
Oye added that customer concerns around data depletion have remained a recurring topic across the telecommunications industry, making transparency a critical component of customer experience.
“We believe that trust grows when customers have access to clear information. This tool is another step in our ongoing efforts to simplify the customer experience, provide greater clarity around data consumption, and support informed decision-making,” he said.
The launch follows a period of intensified engagement between telecom operators, regulators and consumers on data usage awareness. The NCC has consistently emphasized that many instances of perceived rapid data depletion are linked to factors such as high-definition video streaming, automatic application updates, cloud synchronization, background app activity and evolving smartphone capabilities. The regulator has encouraged operators to improve customer education and develop tools that help subscribers better understand their consumption patterns.
Industry data underscores the importance of such initiatives. Nigeria recorded more than 13 million terabytes of internet consumption in 2025, reflecting the country’s accelerating digital transformation and growing dependence on mobile broadband services.
Commenting on the significance of the launch, Dinesh Balsingh, Chief Executive Officer, Airtel Nigeria, said the company remains focused on building a network and customer experience ecosystem anchored on trust, transparency and continuous improvement.
“The future of telecommunications will be defined not only by network investments but also by how effectively operators help customers understand and manage their digital lives. The Airtel Web Data Calculator represents a practical innovation that places more information and control directly in the hands of our customers.”
He noted that Airtel continues to invest heavily in network modernization, customer experience initiatives and digital tools that improve service quality while making telecommunications services easier to understand and use.
“We welcome the industry’s collective focus on transparency and commend the NCC’s continued collaboration with operators to strengthen consumer confidence. As data becomes increasingly central to everyday life, Airtel will continue to develop solutions that make connectivity more accessible, transparent and rewarding for every customer.”
The launch also builds on Airtel Nigeria’s recent customer engagement initiatives, including forums dedicated to helping subscribers better understand data usage, value optimization and service quality. These engagements have brought together customers, regulators and Airtel executives to foster greater awareness and dialogue around digital consumption.
The Airtel Web Data Calculator is now available to customers nationwide and can be accessed via Airtel Nigeria’s website.
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