General News
Blood Beneath the Soil in Nigeria’s Hidden War for Mineral Wealth
By Blaise Udunze
On a daily basis, the world watches Nigeria through a familiar lens in what appears to be a gory situation. Especially in cases when the news headlines tell stories of farmer-herder clashes, bandit attacks, kidnappings, villages reduced to ashes or deserted by the dwellers, as thousands of Nigerians have been displaced across states such as Zamfara, Plateau, Benue, Niger, Kaduna and Nasarawa. Subliminally, this is about to become a similarly ugly occurrence in southwestern Nigeria, which is fast becoming obvious if not nipped in the bud quickly.
Recorded data have shown that bandits, Boko Haram, others killed over 190,000 Nigerians in 17 years and displaced 3.7 million people.
A human rights organisation, the International Society for Civil Liberties and Rule of Law (Intersociety), in its fearful revelation has said that no fewer than 190,150 Nigerians have been killed by bandits, Boko Haram insurgents, and suspected armed herdsmen between July 2009 and March 19, 2026 as this call for concern.
The dominant explanations often point to ethnic tensions, religious divisions, climate change, shrinking grazing routes or weak security institutions. No doubt, those factors are certainly part of Nigeria’s complex security crisis. Yet another question deserves serious examination.
What if, in some locations, the violence is also serving another purpose? What if some of the territories experiencing repeated displacement are the same places sitting atop some of Nigeria’s most valuable mineral deposits? More importantly, if such a pattern exists, who benefits when communities disappear?
Of a truth, these questions are uncomfortable, but undeniably they deserve careful investigation rather than dismissal.
For ages, Nigeria has been naturally endowed and it is estimated to be rich in enormous significant reserves of gold, lithium, uranium, tin, columbite and other strategic minerals increasingly sought after in the global transition to clean energy technologies. As international demand for battery minerals continues to rise, these resources have become far more valuable than they were only a decade ago.
If one overlays publicly available geological information with maps showing persistent violence, some observers argue that striking geographical overlaps appear in several regions. Such overlaps alone cannot establish causation. Correlation is not proof of conspiracy. However, they raise questions worthy of independent scrutiny.
One issue attracting increasing attention and adequately yearns for answer is whether prolonged insecurity may inadvertently or deliberately create conditions that make mineral extraction easier.
Under Nigeria’s Nigerian Minerals and Mining Act 2007, mineral resources belong to the Federal Government, while mining rights are granted through licences and leases. Community engagement and land access are expected to form part of the licensing process, although implementation varies depending on circumstances. This raises an important policy question.
What happens when the communities expected to participate in those processes have already fled because of violence?
Displacement changes the dynamics of land ownership, consent and access. While no evidence automatically proves that attacks are orchestrated to facilitate mining, the sequence of violence followed by renewed commercial activity in some locations deserves closer examination by regulators, lawmakers and investigative journalists.
In conflict studies, researchers have long observed that wars often generate economic winners alongside humanitarian losers. Could elements of Nigeria’s insecurity also be producing economic beneficiaries?
Reports over the years have documented concerns about illegal mining operations across parts of northern Nigeria. Government agencies themselves have repeatedly acknowledged that criminal networks profit from the country’s vast mineral wealth. The unresolved question is whether isolated criminality has, in some instances, evolved into more sophisticated alliances involving political influence, financial interests and international supply chains. If so, the implications extend far beyond Nigeria.
Invariably, it is clearly known that lithium has become one of the world’s most strategic commodities, powering electric vehicle batteries and renewable energy storage systems. Gold has always remained one of the safest global investment assets during periods of uncertainty. Meanwhile, it is well confirmed that the global appetite for these minerals creates enormous financial incentives.
Suppose violent displacement reduces resistance to extraction. Suppose shell companies subsequently acquire mining interests. Suppose minerals then leave Nigeria through legitimate-looking export documentation while their true value remains understated.
These scenarios remain allegations unless supported by verifiable evidence. Yet they outline a framework that investigators may wish to test rather than ignore. Financial crime experts frequently identify trade mis-invoicing as one of the most common methods of illicit financial flows worldwide.
Could Nigeria’s solid minerals sector be vulnerable to similar practices? If valuable lithium ore is deliberately but inaccurately described as lower-value material on export documents, substantial wealth could potentially leave the country without reflecting its true market value. Likewise, if unrefined gold exits through privileged channels with limited scrutiny, questions naturally arise about oversight, transparency and accountability over criminal activities which have continued to stunted and disrupt the country’s socio-economic growth and at the same time cause carnage.
Such possibilities are not accusations against any particular institution or company. Rather, they illustrate why stronger monitoring systems are increasingly essential. Another question concerns logistics.
With the high level of criminal activities, industrial mining requires heavy machinery, diesel supplies, transportation networks and specialised personnel. These are not operations that can remain invisible indefinitely.
If certain territories are genuinely too dangerous for security agencies, how do industrial-scale extraction activities reportedly continue in some remote locations? If they do, who protects those operations? Who authorises their movement? Who verifies what is extracted? Who ensures royalties and export revenues reach public coffers? These are governance questions that demand institutional answers.
Equally important is the international dimension. Minerals extracted in Nigeria ultimately enter global supply chains. Gold may pass through international refining hubs before entering financial markets. Lithium may become part of battery manufacturing destined for electric vehicles, which are facts as they are sold across Europe, North America and Asia.
One known fact is that consumers purchasing products containing these minerals rarely know the full story of where they originated.
Increasingly, however, investors and governments are demanding ethical sourcing standards that trace minerals from extraction to final manufacture.
A critical factor that must be taken into cognizance is that if insecurity is creating opportunities for illegal or unethical extraction anywhere in the world, multinational companies have responsibilities alongside national governments, of which the onus falls on the Nigerian government.
Transparency cannot stop at the mine gate. Nor should accountability end at national borders. Another issue requiring attention concerns beneficial ownership.
Across many jurisdictions, shell companies can obscure the identities of individuals ultimately controlling commercial assets. If politically exposed persons or powerful business interests are hidden behind complex corporate structures registered offshore, identifying beneficiaries becomes significantly more difficult. This challenge is hardly unique to Nigeria.
Findings showed that from Latin America to Central Africa and Southeast Asia, resistant corporate networks have frequently complicated efforts to combat corruption and illicit resource extraction. That is precisely why open corporate registries, beneficial ownership databases and transparent mining licence disclosures are becoming global governance priorities. For Nigeria, the stakes could hardly be higher.
The country stands at the centre of the world’s emerging critical minerals economy. The Nigerian government can’t feign ignorance of the fact that, when handled transparently, these resources could finance infrastructure, education, healthcare, and industrial development for generations.
In no way would the government claim not knowing that when handled poorly, they risk becoming another chapter in the well-documented “resource curse,” where extraordinary natural wealth coincides with persistent poverty, insecurity and institutional weakness.
The ultimate challenge, therefore, is not simply about mining. It is about governance. It is about whether public institutions possess both the independence and capacity to ensure that natural resources benefit citizens rather than narrow interests. It is about whether conflict zones receive genuine peace-building efforts instead of becoming forgotten frontiers. And it is about whether international markets demand accountability with the same enthusiasm they demand raw materials.
None of these questions should be answered through speculation. They require rigorous investigations, forensic financial analysis, satellite imagery, mining license audits, customs records, beneficial ownership disclosures and courageous journalism.
They require governments willing to open their books. They require international cooperation capable of tracing money across borders. Most importantly, they require asking questions that have too often remained unasked.
Perhaps Nigeria’s security crisis is exactly what it appears to be: a tragic convergence of historical grievances, weak institutions, criminality and environmental pressures. Or perhaps, in some places, another layer of economic incentive deserves closer scrutiny.
Until those questions are thoroughly investigated, one possibility will continue to linger. Maybe the world’s attention has been fixed on the blood spilled above ground, while too little attention has been paid to the extraordinary wealth lying beneath it.
Blaise, a journalist and PR professional, writes from Lagos and can be reached via: [email protected]
General News
Nearpays, Nigerian Fintech Becomes First African Startup to Win UN’s AI for Good Innovation Factory
Nearpays, Nigerian fintech, has won the AI for Good Innovation Factory grand finale — the first African startup ever to take the global title in the competition, which runs as part of the United Nations’ AI for Good Global Summit.
The competition drew more than 500 startups worldwide, each pitching AI solutions aimed at social and economic challenges.
The summit itself is organised by the UN through the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) in partnership with several UN agencies, convening governments, researchers, startups, and technology companies around AI’s role in development.
Nearpays’ route to the title ran through Johannesburg, where it won the African regional competition, before advancing to the global finals in Geneva.
There, the company progressed through the semi-finals and claimed the grand finale — a first for the continent.
The company describes the win as bigger than a corporate milestone, calling it a victory for African innovation and proof that technology built to solve local problems can compete, and win, on the world stage.
Nearpays was founded to close a stubborn gap in African payments: small and medium-sized businesses that can’t afford or access traditional point-of-sale terminals.
Cost, availability, and deployment hurdles have kept many merchants — particularly in rural and underserved communities — locked out of digital payments.
Its answer is SoftPOS: an AI-powered platform that turns compatible Android smartphones into payment acceptance devices, letting merchants take contactless card payments with nothing more than their phones. AI is embedded across the platform, supporting payment processing, compliance, fraud detection, and business operations.
Crucially, the platform was built for African infrastructure realities — it works both online and offline, so merchants can keep accepting payments even without internet connectivity.
The company credited its team’s years of product development and customer engagement for the result, and thanked the UN, the ITU, and the AI for Good initiative for building a platform where innovators can apply AI to real-world problems.
It also said it hopes the win encourages more African founders to build technology that answers local needs while competing internationally.
For Nearpays, the title closes one chapter and opens another, as the company pushes on with expanding digital financial infrastructure across Afric
The Lagos State Government has signed four major concession agreements across healthcare, transportation, digital governance and outdoor advertising sectors, paving the way for private sector participation into areas central to the State’s infrastructure and service delivery agenda.
The agreements were signed at a ceremony coordinated by the Office of Public-Private Partnerships, in collaboration with the Ministries of Health, Transportation, Justice, Environment and Water Resources, as well as the Motor Vehicle Administration Agency (MVAA), Lagos State Blood Transfusion Committee (LSBTC) and the Lagos State Signage and Advertisement Agency (LASAA), in Lagos.
One of the key projects is the development of MyLagosApp, a unified digital platform designed to make government services more accessible to residents and visitors.
Under a 10-year concession agreement, LA Crème Nigeria Limited, with technical support from MTN Nigeria, will design, finance, build, operate, maintain and transfer the platform. Once operational, it will provide users with seamless access to a wide range of government services, including payments, traffic updates, emergency support, business information and tourism resources through a mobile application.
The State also signed a 20-year concession agreement with Anchor Advisory Partners for the full automation of the Lagos State Motor Vehicle Administration Agency (MVAA).
Reflecting on the significance of the agreements, the Special Adviser on Public-Private Partnerships, Mrs. Bukola Odoe, said the projects demonstrate how strategic partnerships can translate government policy into tangible improvements in the lives of Lagosians.
She added, “Government is at its best when it is practical – when policy leaves the boardroom and shows up in the hospital ward, at the licensing office, on the commuter’s phone and along the streets of our city. That is what today is about.”
In his response, Mr. Oluwaseun Osiyemi, Commissioner for Transportation, commended all stakeholders who contributed to the successful execution of the agreements.
He also noted that the signing reflects the State’s determination to continually improve public service delivery, adding that residents would begin to experience the benefits as implementation progresses across the various sectors.
By John Kokome
In today’s business environment, success is no longer determined solely by the quality of a product or the sophistication of technology. Increasingly, it is shaped by how effectively an organisation communicates, especially in periods of uncertainty. For fintech companies operating in Nigeria and across Africa, communication has become as critical as innovation itself.
The world has become what strategists describe as a VUCA environment, volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous. Economic shocks, fluctuating exchange rates, changing regulations, cybersecurity threats, misinformation, and evolving customer expectations have made the financial services landscape more unpredictable than ever. In such an environment, silence creates suspicion, while poor communication erodes trust. For fintech brands whose business model depends almost entirely on trust, getting communication right is no longer optional; it is existential.
Unlike traditional banks that have spent decades building institutional credibility, many fintech companies are relatively young. They rely on digital interactions rather than physical branches. Customers often never meet anyone representing the company. Every notification, social media post, customer service response, email, and public statement, therefore, becomes an opportunity either to strengthen or weaken confidence.
The collapse of several global crypto platforms, periodic payment service disruptions, and increasing incidents of digital fraud have made consumers more cautious than ever. Users now ask difficult questions before trusting any financial technology platform. Is my money safe? Is my data protected? Can I rely on this platform during periods of market uncertainty? The answers are communicated not only through actions but through consistent, transparent and timely messaging.
Communication during crises often separates resilient brands from those that struggle to recover. Too many organisations still believe that crisis communication begins when a system fails or when negative stories trend online. In reality, crisis communication starts long before a crisis emerges. It begins with building credibility over time.
When service interruptions occur, as they inevitably will in any technology-driven business, customers rarely expect perfection. What they expect is honesty. They want prompt acknowledgement, clear explanations, regular updates, and realistic timelines for resolution. Delayed responses or corporate jargon often inflict more reputational damage than the technical failure itself.
The same principle applies to regulatory communication. Nigeria’s fintech ecosystem continues to evolve under the guidance of regulators seeking to balance innovation with consumer protection. Policy adjustments, licensing requirements, compliance directives, and foreign exchange reforms frequently affect operations. Fintech companies must resist the temptation to hide behind legal language. Instead, they should translate regulatory developments into simple, customer-friendly information that explains what is changing, why it matters, and what customers need to do.
Equally important is internal communication. Employees are often the first ambassadors of any organisation. During uncertain economic conditions, staff members also seek reassurance about business direction, leadership decisions, and organisational stability. When employees receive little information, rumours fill the vacuum. Companies that communicate openly with their teams are more likely to maintain morale, improve customer experience, and protect their reputation.
Another defining feature of the VUCA economy is the speed at which misinformation spreads. A single misleading social media post can trigger panic withdrawals, damage investor confidence, or create unnecessary anxiety among customers. Fintech brands therefore require active reputation management, digital listening, and rapid response mechanisms. Waiting for mainstream media to pick up a story before responding is increasingly a costly mistake.
Beyond crisis management, communication should also educate. Financial literacy remains relatively low across many parts of Africa. Many customers still struggle to understand digital payments, cross-border transactions, digital assets, savings products, or cybersecurity risks. Fintech brands that invest in continuous customer education position themselves not merely as service providers but as trusted financial partners. Educational communication creates confidence, drives adoption, and builds long-term loyalty.
Leadership visibility also matters. In uncertain times, people trust people more than logos. Founders, chief executives, and senior executives should communicate regularly, not merely during product launches or fundraising announcements. Thought leadership, media engagements, stakeholder dialogues, and community participation help humanise brands and reinforce credibility.
Perhaps the greatest communication challenge for fintech companies is balancing optimism with realism. Marketing campaigns naturally celebrate innovation and growth. Yet credibility demands acknowledging challenges while demonstrating preparedness. Customers are increasingly sophisticated; they recognise exaggerated promises and quickly lose confidence when expectations are not met.
As competition intensifies across Africa’s digital financial services industry, product differentiation alone will become increasingly difficult. Features can be copied. Pricing can be matched. Technology can be replicated. Trust, however, remains a durable competitive advantage, and trust is built through consistent communication.
The fintech brands that will thrive in this VUCA economy will not necessarily be those with the most sophisticated applications or the largest funding rounds. They will be those who communicate with clarity, consistency, empathy, and transparency. In an era where confidence is currency, effective communication is no longer a support function; it is a strategic asset that can determine whether a fintech brand merely survives uncertainty or leads through it.
John Kokome is the Corporate Communications Manager at FlashChange, a fintech platform redefining secure digital asset exchange. With experience across fintech, cryptocurrency, telecoms, and development communications in Africa. He currently leads strategic storytelling, reputation management, and stakeholder engagement initiatives at the company, focusing on building trust, transparency, and financial literacy in the digital assets space.
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