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How Insecurity Impacts Mobile Phone Subscription in Nigeria

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Boko Haram is clear and present danger
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Latest telecommunications special edition poll results released by NOIPolls Limited have revealed that a higher proportion of Nigerians use 2 phone lines either registered under one network provider or under two different ones.

This trend has been consistent from 2012 to 2014; however, a 5-point reduction in the proportion of Nigerians in this category was seen from 2012 to 2013 and 3-points increase in 2014.

An assessment of the mobile network used by Nigerians placed MTN as the highest used network in the past two years (2012-2013) and even in the present times; although subscription to this provider has consistently declined within this period.

According to the MTN group, this decline has been mainly due to ‘regulatory restrictions’ imposed by the telecoms watchdog and growing spate of unrest by Boko Haram especially in the Northern part of Nigeria.

Other Networks used by Nigerians in the order of higher subscribers include; Airtel (45%), Etisalat (33%), Glo (28%) and Visafone (1%).

In line with this, the proportion of Airtel subscribers which seemed steady from 2012 to 2013 at (39%), picked up by 6-points in 2014 (45%), thus, making it the only network that has seen a considerable growth in the proportion of its users.

This increase may have been driven by the discovery of the cheaper tariffs offered by this network compared with other networks. 

More findings on the usage of phone lines revealed a higher proportion of subscribers (76%) use MTN as their main line; this could have been as a result of a first mover advantage earned by this operator.

In addition, 15% of mobile network subscribers indicated Airtel as their main line, 5% indicated Glo, while 4% of subscribers use Etisalat as their main line.

An assessment of the services provided by network providers revealed that a higher proportion (64%) of mobile phone users across all networks are getting value for money from their main network provider through the ‘quality of network services’ (27%), ‘bonus offers’ (25%) and ‘cheaper tariff’  (23%) among others.

Furthermore, MTN ranks highest for providing best services in Nigeria in 2014, followed by Airtel and Etisalat (68%, 17% and 11% respectively) and to further improve the quality of services of Network providers, subscribers have suggested the ‘reduction of tariff’ (30%) as a measure for improving the quality of telecommunication services while capitalizing on ‘wider network coverage’ (22%) and ‘improved network services’ (22%).

These were some of the key findings from the Telecommunications snap poll conducted in the week of November 17th 2014.

At the dawn of the 21st century, mobile network providers were granted licenses to operate in Nigeria, hence, the introduction of the Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) which subsequently changed the frontage of telecommunications in Nigeria.

In the present times, figures obtained from Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC), reveals that the teledensity of the country’s telecommunications industry increased to 96.08 per cent in September, from the 90.78 per cent in March 2014 just as active lines in the nation’s telecommunications industry increased to 134,507,329 in September 2014.

Nigeria’s teledensity is currently calculated by NCC on a population of 130 million people.

Given this major breakthrough in the telecommunications industry, and with the competitive nature of the industry due to the advent of different players, ‘Quality of Service’ has been the major criteria for measuring the satisfaction of mobile network subscribers.

In line with Section 89 of the Nigerian Communications Act 2003 which mandates the Commission to monitor all significant matters relating to the performance of all licensed telecoms service providers, the Commission placed a ban on the sales of new SIM cards in March 2014 and on promotions or bonus offers on some mobile networks operators recently, following the failure of these operators to meet the various Quality of Service (QoS) Key Performance Indicators (KPIs).

Against this background, NOIPolls conducted it special edition poll on the telecommunications in Nigeria, to explore the current state of the sector from the perspective of consumers. The poll sought to measure the following:

Key Findings:

Respondents to the poll were asked ten specific questions; only 6 of these questions are discussed in this release. With the aim of assessing the usage of mobile phone lines in Nigeria, respondents were asked: How many phone lines do you currently use?

Findings from the current poll highlights that a higher proportion of Nigerians use 2 phone lines.

These lines could either be registered under one network provider or under two different ones.

The use of 2 or more lines could probably be driven by the need to overcome certain issues associated with mobile network which could range from accessibility to cost. In addition, 33% of Nigerians use one line, 17% use 3 lines, while 7% confirmed they use more than 3 lines.

The use of 2 phone lines seems like the norm across all geo-political zones, except for the North-West zone where the higher proportion of the residents use one phone line.

The North-East zone (33%: 22%+10%) and the South-West zone (31%: 23%+8%) accounted for the highest proportion of respondents who use 3 or more phone lines.

A 3-year trend analysis on the usage of phone lines in Nigeria revealed a consistent trend of 2 phone line usage by Nigerians from 2012 to 2014, however there was a 5-point reduction in the proportion of Nigerians in this category from 2012 to 2013 and 3-points increase in 2014.

More findings revealed that more residents from the North-East zone use more than 3 phone lines in 2014 compared with the past 2 years with a significant increase of 9-points from 2013 (1%) to 2014 (10%).

A view of the trend on phone usage across age-groups revealed that Nigerians within the age-group of 18-21 years have increasingly adapted the use of 2 phone lines over the years;  from 2012 where it was lowest to 2014 (41%) with the highest record.

This increase in this category of Nigerians has stimulated a drop in the use of 1 line by this age-group. On the other hand, respondents aged 61+ have continuously reduced the use of 3 or more lines to settle for the use of 1 to 2 lines from 2012 to 2014.

Subsequently, with the aim of exploring the mobile network providers used by Nigerians, respondents were asked: Which network provider(s) do you currently use?

Findings revealed that MTN is the highest used line as confirmed by the vast majority of respondents (91%); this is followed by Airtel (45%) and Etisalat (33%).  While 28% of Nigerians use Glo, only 1% of Nigerians use Visafone.

This finding validates the data of the Nigerian Communication Commission (NCC) which revealed the movement of Airtel Nigeria Limited up to the second place in terms of market share on the number of mobile subscribers on its network with MTN maintaining the first position.

Trend analysis on the network providers used by Nigerians from 2012 to 2014 depicts a consistent decline in the proportion of Nigerians who subscribe to MTN from 2012 to 2014 with a total decline of 4-points within this period.

According to the MTN group, this decline has been mainly due to ‘regulatory restrictions’ imposed by the telecoms watchdog and the growing spate of unrest by Boko Haram especially in the Northern part of Nigeria.

While a significant 10-point decline in the proportion of Glo subscribers from 2012 (38%) to 2013 (28%) was seen, there has been no difference in this category of subscribers since then. The same applies to Etisalat with an 8-point decline from 2012 (40%) to 2013 (32%) although a slight 1-point increase was recorded in 2014.

On the other hand, the proportion of Airtel subscribers which seemed steady from 2012 to 2013 at (39%), picked up by 6-points in 2014 (45%), thus, making it the only network that has seen a considerable growth in the proportion of its users, among other findings by NOIPolls.


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Glo Elevates Customer Experience with optimized “Borrow Me Credit” Service

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Digital solutions company, Globacom, has optimized its “Borrow Me Credit” service, reinforcing its commitment to ensuring that subscribers remain connected even when they have insufficient or low airtime balance.

In a statement issued in Lagos, the company disclosed that it has simplified the eligibility requirements for the service, enabling millions of active prepaid subscribers nationwide to access instant airtime and data when needed.

Globacom explained that although the service attracts a charge, its primary objective is to provide timely support to customers whenever they run low on credit.

The enhanced “Borrow Me Credit” platform now offers additional features, including “Borrow Special Data” and the option to “Borrow Airtime/Data for Others.” These innovations allow subscribers to support friends and family members who may be unable to recharge immediately, thereby strengthening connectivity and fostering a stronger sense of community among Glo users.

According to the company, the service ensures that subscribers remain connected in critical situations, whether for urgent business communications, late-night academic research, or keeping in touch with loved ones during emergencies.

Globacom noted that the service accommodates diverse customer needs, with airtime and data packages ranging from as little as N25 to as much as N4,000, offering flexible options to suit different usage patterns.

It further stated that borrowing limits are determined by a customer’s usage profile and level of engagement on the network, with more active subscribers qualifying for higher credit and data limits.

By maintaining regular activity on the network, prepaid customers can access different borrowing tiers, from basic emergency airtime to larger data packages. This structure ensures the sustainability of the service while rewarding frequent users with borrowing limits that align with their digital needs and lifestyle.

Globacom encouraged all eligible prepaid subscribers to take advantage of the service by dialing *303# and selecting their preferred airtime or data option. Customers can also obtain additional information on eligibility requirements and applicable service charges by visiting the official Globacom website.


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Africa Projected to Lead Global 5G Growth

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Sub-Saharan Africa is projected to become one of the world’s fastest-growing 5G markets, with subscriptions expected to reach 370 million by 2031, according to the latest Ericsson Mobility Report.

The report says the rapid expansion, driven by the phase-out of legacy networks, will help provide the connectivity foundation needed to support the continent’s emerging AI economy.

Global 5G mobile subscriptions surpassed three billion during the first quarter of 2026. In Sub-Saharan Africa, the transition from legacy networks to advanced connectivity is accelerating.

“The acceleration of 4G and 5G is a defining opportunity for Africa to leapfrog into the AI era. By transitioning away from legacy networks, we are building the foundation for a vibrant, inclusive digital economy,” said Majda Lahlou Kassi, vice president and head of Ericsson West and Southern Africa.

“With the right collaborative investments in spectrum and policy frameworks, Africa is positioned to fully participate in and benefit from the AI boom.”

The report also notes that LTE (4G) subscriptions are forecast to grow from 490 million in 2025 to 610 million by 2031, accounting for 46% of all subscriptions.

Meanwhile, 5G is expected to account for 28% of all mobile subscriptions by the end of 2031.

While Sub-Saharan Africa remains behind more mature markets in 5G adoption, the region is expected to record one of the fastest growth rates globally over the next five years as operators expand coverage and retire older networks.

Markets such as South Africa, Nigeria, Kenya and Ethiopia are expected to account for a significant share of new 5G connections, driven by growing smartphone adoption, network investment and increasing demand for high-speed mobile broadband.

The growth trend is also reflected in the total amount of mobile data used each month in the region is expected to increase significantly—from 2.8 exabytes per month in 2025 to 9.7 exabytes per month by 2031.

An exabyte is a very large unit of digital information equivalent to one billion gigabytes and this forecast indicates rapid growth in mobile data consumption over the coming years

Despite the positive outlook, the GSMA warns that Africa’s smartphone market remains divided between rapid growth and persistent digital exclusion.

While nearly 82% of individuals own a mobile phone, only about 40% own a smartphone. High device costs relative to income, limited network infrastructure in rural areas and low levels of digital literacy continue to restrict mobile internet adoption.

Ericsson said service providers are increasingly prioritising fixed wireless access (FWA) as part of their connectivity strategies.

“FWA is emerging as a key focus area for connecting consumers and enterprises, presenting significant long-term potential to address the region’s demand for reliable broadband.”


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The Future of AI in Nigerian SMEs: Overcoming Barriers to Implementation

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By Kehinde Ogundare, Country Head, Zoho Nigeria

Ask a tech entrepreneur in San Francisco what AI means for their business, and they are likely to talk about competitive advantage, product differentiation, and scale. Ask a small business owner in Kano or Onitsha the same question, and the conversation shifts entirely.

The Future of AI in Nigerian SMEs: Overcoming Barriers to Implementation

Kehinde Ogundare, Country Head, Zoho Nigeria

For many Nigerian SMEs, the priority is keeping the lights on, managing costs, and finding sustainable ways to grow in a challenging economic environment. This difference in perspective explains why the global AI conversation, often shaped by assumptions about stable infrastructure, deep capital, and abundant technical talent, frequently fails to address the realities facing Nigerian SMEs.

This matters because Nigerian SMEs are not a peripheral concern. In 2024 alone, MSMEs contributed 46.32% to Nigeria’s GDP, accounting for 96.9% of businesses and 87.9% of employment. These businesses are the backbone of the Nigerian economy, and if AI is going to mean anything for Nigeria’s development, it has to work for them in the daily conditions they actually operate in.

However, research drawing on empirical data from 144 Nigerian SMEs found that inadequate infrastructure, low digital literacy, skills shortages, and regulatory gaps are collectively preventing them from meaningfully engaging with AI. Awareness of AI is high and growing. What is missing is a clear and honest conversation about what adoption actually requires in this specific context. The barriers are real, but none of them are insurmountable. The question is whether the tools, pricing models, and support structures being offered to Nigerian SMEs are designed with those barriers in mind, or whether they have been built for another market entirely.

Subscription models making AI affordable for small businesses

When most small business owners hear “AI,” they imagine expensive software, specialist consultants, and a hefty upfront bill.

That assumption is not entirely wrong, but it describes a particular way of buying technology, not AI itself. The shift that makes AI genuinely accessible at the SME level is the move away from large, one-time capital purchases towards tools that charge a predictable monthly subscription. Businesses can pay for what they use, scale back when necessary, and avoid the debt that a major technology investment can create.

The deeper opportunity here is consolidation. Many SMEs are already spending money across multiple disconnected tools—one for invoicing, another for customer records, another for stock tracking—none of which talk to each other. An integrated platform that handles several of these functions together, with AI built in, can actually cost less than the sum of those separate subscriptions while giving business owners a clearer picture of their operations.

With margins already under pressure, any technology a business adopts needs to, visibly, show increase in productivity or bottom line. Subscription-based, integrated platforms, priced transparently and honestly, are the model that best fits this reality.

Infrastructure challenges demand a mobile-first approach

No conversation about technology in Nigeria is complete without confronting the infrastructure problem, and AI is no exception. Nigeria continues to face major infrastructure barriers, including limited broadband access, unreliable power supply, and high data costs, all of which constrain deeper AI adoption. These are structural features of the operating environment that any sensible technology strategy must account for today.

The electricity situation alone is significant. The World Bank estimates that the lack of stable electricity costs Nigeria’s economy approximately $26.2 billion annually, equivalent to about 2% of GDP, forcing many businesses to run on expensive diesel generators. That cost ripples outward.

In practical terms, AI tools built for Nigeria cannot assume a stable broadband connection or a computer that is always powered on. The tools that will actually get used are the ones that work on a smartphone, consume minimal data, and can function offline when connectivity drops, syncing back up when it returns. The mobile phone is already how many Nigerian SME owners run their businesses. AI that meets them there, rather than demanding infrastructure they do not have, is AI that has a genuine future in this market.

The direction is clear: build capability from within, using tools that make that possible. Recent AI performance research reveals that 64% of African workers are already actively using AI at work, signaling massive grassroots readiness and driving forward-thinking organizations across Nigeria, Kenya, and South Africa to aggressively prioritize internal upskilling frameworks to bridge the talent gap.

As the policy groundwork is being laid, the commercial ecosystem is beginning to respond. What remains is a clear-eyed acceptance that AI tools built for this market need to look different from those built for markets with different realities. Low cost, low bandwidth, and usability for non-technical people are not modest ambitions; they are the actual requirements. Build for those realities, and AI has a real future in Nigeria’s SME economy.


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