News
CBN Sanction: A Dis-Incentive To Capital Investment

By Cheku Alkali
A fundamental objective of financial regulation is the safety and soundness of financial institutions, and the ability of regulators to mitigate systemic risk through effective policy/reforms.
This assertion represents the statutory mandate of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) under the Central Bank of Nigeria Act, 2007; the Banks and Other Financial Institutions Act (BOFIA); and the Foreign Exchange (Monitoring and Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1995 and other subsidiary legislations.
Admittedly, financial systems cannot function effectively without confidence in the markets. However, due to the volatile nature of the financial market, regulatory actions or inactions may cause disruption to the financial system; thereby reducing confidence in the ability of markets to function effectively.
This in turn could impair the availability of credit and overall economic activities in the country. It is against this background and the overarching responsibility of the CBN to ensure soundness of the financial system (whilst encouraging foreign capital investment) that this writer examines the impact of CBN’s sanction on MTN Nigeria Communications Limited (MTN).
The Central Bank of Nigeria on Wednesday, August 29, 2018, directed MTN to refund the sum of $8.13 billion for alleged illegal conversion of shareholders’ loans to preference shares; and the repatriation of same out of Nigeria.
Other affected parties are four Banks namely – Citibank, Diamond Bank, Stanbic IBTC and Standard Chartered Bank (the Banks)- all directed to refund the sum of NGN2.5 billion for allegations of illegal remittances of foreign exchange with irregular certificates of capital importation (CCIs) issued on behalf of some offshore investors of MTN between 2007 – 2015.
CBN’s investigation was primarily on three key “infractions” to wit; issuance of Certificates of Capital Importation (CCI’s) for the following items; foreign currency sourced locally; falsely declared capital importation; and interest-free loans converted to preference shares without authorization.
In response, MTN described the allegation as regrettable, and reiterated its intention to vigorously defend its position before a court of competent jurisdiction.
At the time of going to print, we understand MTN has instituted an action in this regard at the Federal High Court of Nigeria.
CCI is a certificate issued by an authorized dealer (usually a licensed commercial bank) confirming an inflow of foreign capital either in form of cash (loan or equity) or goods.
CCI is usually issued in the name of the investor with 24-48 hours of the inflow of the capital into Nigeria.
Its primary purpose is to guarantee access to the foreign exchange market for the repatriation of capital/returns on investment – dividend, interest and capital on divestments, as well as repayment of principal and interest accruing on a foreign loan.
Assuming to be correct, the allegation against MTN and the Banks, the question which arises is whether the CBN has effectively discharged its responsibility of financial supervision given the length of time (8 years) it took to realise, investigate and sanction the affected parties.
As stated, foreign investors are permitted to import capital or invest in any enterprise in foreign currency, through authorized dealers – who are permitted to issue CCIs within 24 (sometimes 48) hours of receiving the capital inflow.
It may then be argued, that the inability of the CBN to effectively and promptly monitor the inflow and outflow of foreign capital, is effectively a failure to discharge its statutory obligation.
Put differently, the CBN should have sanctioned the affected entities long ago to avoid the disruption now caused because of the delay in this regard. An unintended effect of this regulatory lapse may be the resultant lack of confidence and transparency in the financial market, that tends to stifle foreign investment activities.
The CBN Manual 2006 (the operating manual at the time the actions of the above-named entities were carried out) provides that foreign investors are guaranteed unconditional transfer of their capital, profits and dividends attributable to their investments in any convertible currency through authorized dealers.
This means that a company/investor intending to repatriate its capital will be required to provide a CCI as evidence that the original investment was imported into Nigeria.
Following the CBN sanction, MTN has witnessed a drop in its share price by 23%. Even in the event the allegations are false and MTN succeeds in its claim against the CBN, the reputational damage to the nation may be irreversible.
For the savvy investor desirous of repatriating capital returns, economic headwinds would seem to warn against bringing in capital investment. Investors would find it easy to conclude that bringing in funds would be unwise because of a perceived inability to access and repatriate same when required.
Thus, by failing to proactively supervise the instant issue, the CBN; despite acting within its statutory powers, may occasion a ripple effect on investor’s confidence in Nigeria’s financial system.
Looking forward, instead of taking similar (delayed) reactionary measures, this writer suggests that the CBN should look to strengthen its monitoring, and processing of CCIs of foreign investment flows in and out of the country.
To achieve this, it can adopt a twin approach to its supervisory role to ensure transparency, market integrity, and consumer protection. This approach of coupling the power of sanction with proactive regulation, will also ensure that the CBN acts as a catalyst for foreign direct/portfolio investment as opposed to becoming an inadvertent market disruptor. It will better reinforce the CBN’s commitment towards ensuring a transparent and stable financial system.
A regulator such as the CBN must always weigh the outcome of its actions or inactions on the market before taking any step. Although it is difficult to have near perfect supervision, it is possible to implement stronger financial supervision measures to reduce the chances of putting foreign capital investment to flight.
Financial regulation in this regard can serve as not just a means of maintaining stability, but as an instrument for growth and development of the financial system.
Cheku Alkali is an Associate of Perchstone and Graeys
News
BOI MD, Olasupo Olusi, Charts Tech-Driven Path to Growth for Nigeria

Dr. Olasupo Olusi, the Managing Director of the Bank of Industry (BOI), has challenged Nigeria to urgently convert its vast reservoir of talent into measurable productivity, declaring that the nation’s economic future depends less on potential and more on deliberate organisation of skills, technology, and capital.

Delivering the 18th Convocation Lecture at Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH), Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Olusi presented a sweeping diagnosis of Nigeria’s economic paradox – abundant human capital, yet underwhelming output – while positioning technology as the critical bridge between the two.
Olusi argued that Nigeria’s problem is not a shortage of talent but the failure to translate that talent into economic value. According to him, productivity, defined as output relative to input, remains the missing link between effort and impact in the country’s development trajectory.
“Nigeria’s challenge is not necessarily to produce more talents. The challenge is to organise that talent pool into productivity,” he said, adding that while Nigerians are globally competitive, systemic inefficiencies continue to limit economic outcomes.
He drew attention to comparative data showing Nigeria trailing peer economies in manufacturing output and agricultural yields, despite possessing similar starting advantages decades ago. The implication, he noted, is clear: the country must rethink how it deploys its resources.
Anchoring his argument on technology, Olusi pointed to ongoing transformations across sectors – from financial technology platforms expanding access to credit, to precision agriculture solutions improving yields and incomes. These examples, he said, demonstrate how innovation can amplify human effort and unlock productivity gains at scale.
“Technology does not replace human effort. It multiplies it, and that is the bridge between talent and productivity,” Olusi stated, urging Nigerian universities to move beyond theoretical knowledge and focus on producing practical, scalable solutions to real economic challenges.
He specifically called on institutions like LAUTECH to lead the charge in innovation, stressing that universities must become engines of production by linking research directly to industry and markets.
Speaking on the role of development finance, Olusi outlined the strategic repositioning of the Bank of Industry to support technology-led growth. He revealed that BOI is embedding digital transformation at the core of its 2025–2027 strategy, with a focus on accelerating access to finance, supporting innovation, and building enterprise capacity.
A key initiative, he disclosed, is the launch of a digital loan application platform scheduled for June 2026, which will enable entrepreneurs to access funding more efficiently.
“If technology multiplies productivity, then development finance must be organised to accelerate technology adoption. Without capital, talent and technology remain mere potential. With it, they become production,” he said.
Olusi highlighted several BOI-backed interventions across manufacturing, agriculture, infrastructure, and sustainability, noting that the Bank is increasingly financing technology upgrades that enable businesses to scale, compete globally, and create jobs.
He also underscored the need to strengthen the link between academia and industry, announcing plans for an Industrial Innovation Fund aimed at bridging the gap between research and commercialisation. In addition, he disclosed a proposed student venture capital grant programme designed to support young innovators with funding of up to ₦50 million.
Addressing the graduating students, Olusi urged them to prioritise problem-solving, production, and integrity, while encouraging those considering migration to remain connected to Nigeria’s development.
“This nation is still under construction, and she needs her most capable people,” he said, noting that meaningful transformation will occur not in theory but through practical engagement in farms, factories, and enterprises.
Olusi expressed confidence in Nigeria’s economic outlook, pointing to ongoing reforms and increased investment in digital skills, innovation, and infrastructure as signs of progress.
“I am optimistic about Nigeria, not because the challenges are small, but because I have seen what Nigerians achieve when the right systems are in place. The journey from talent to productivity is not a slogan. It is the work of a generation,” he said.
He concluded with a direct charge to the graduates and the broader Nigerian youth, whom he described as central to the country’s future.
“The question is not whether this transformation will happen. The question is who will do it. And the answer is sitting here. You are the builders. Go and build.”
News
CADEF, Stakeholders Push for Zero Added Sugar Standards in Infant Foods

Consumer advocates, health professionals and policymakers have called for urgent regulatory reforms to eliminate added sugars in infant foods, warning that current standards may be exposing Nigerian babies to avoidable long-term health risks.

Chiso Ndukwe-Okafor, Executive Director of CADEF
The call was made on Thursday at a high-level stakeholders’ meeting in Abuja organised by the Consumer Advocacy and Empowerment Foundation (CADEF) in partnership with Public Eye, where new findings on sugar content in baby foods triggered widespread concern.
Public Eye’s research focused on Cerelac, Nestlé’s widely consumed infant cereal across Africa. Laboratory tests on nearly 100 samples purchased in over 20 African countries revealed that 94 per cent contained added sugar. On average, products recorded about 6 grams of added sugar per serving equivalent to roughly one and a half sugar cubes with some markets reaching between 7 and 7.5 grams. Nigerian samples averaged 5 grams, with peaks of 6.1 grams.
The figures refer strictly to sugar added during manufacturing and exclude naturally occurring sugars present in ingredients such as grains, fruits and milk.
Nestlé however maintained that its products comply with local regulations and are fortified to address nutritional deficiencies.
However, the company has not explained why sugar-free formulations are available in Europe while African markets receive variants containing added sugar.
Opening the session, Chiso Ndukwe-Okafor, Executive Director of CADEF, stressed that the advocacy is not targeted at any single company but aimed at safeguarding children’s health and advancing a zero-added-sugar standard for infant foods in Nigeria.
“African babies are being fed sugar Europe would never accept,” she said, highlighting disparities in product formulations across regions.
Citing the findings, she noted that some cereal-based infant foods contain “over four grams, almost five grams of sugar,” but clarified that manufacturers are not breaching existing laws.
“They are complying with current regulations, which are based on Codex standards developed over 30 years ago,” she said, pointing to the outdated nature of the framework as the core issue.
She urged regulatory authorities to align national standards with current global health recommendations.
CADEF warned that early exposure to added sugars can shape children’s taste preferences and increase their risk of obesity, diabetes, dental disease and other non-communicable conditions later in life echoing guidance from the World Health Organization, which advises against added sugars in infant foods.
While acknowledging that existing sugar levels fall within Nigeria’s Codex-based standards, the organisation argued that the framework is no longer sufficient to protect infant nutrition.
It clarified that its concerns relate specifically to sugars deliberately added as sweeteners or enhancers, not naturally occurring sugars in raw ingredients.
Stakeholders at the meeting called on key regulators including the Standards Organisation of Nigeria (SON) and the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) to review existing standards and enforce clearer, more transparent labelling requirements.
CADEF emphasised that parents deserve accurate, easy-to-understand information when making nutritional choices, noting that Nigerian consumers should enjoy the same level of product quality and protection available in other markets.
Among its recommendations is the introduction of mandatory front-of-pack labelling that clearly identifies and distinguishes sources of sugar, alongside policies to drive reformulation toward zero added sugar.
“We need front-of-pack labelling in simple language that separates the source of sugar on each product,” Ndukwe-Okafor said, adding that regulators and paediatric stakeholders expressed support for reform.
Also speaking, Adeyemo Adebayo of the Nutrition Division at the Federal Ministry of Health stressed that policy reforms must be complemented by sustained public advocacy to achieve meaningful impact.
He called for broader health education efforts beyond formal legislation, including engagement with traditional and religious leaders to drive grassroots awareness that infants do not require added sugar.
Jubril Mohammed, representing the Standards Organisation of Nigeria, said the agency’s role is to facilitate consensus-driven standards rather than impose unilateral decisions.
He noted that proposals such as eliminating added sugar must be backed by evidence and stakeholder agreement, adding that review processes can take up to a year.
He, however, expressed the agency’s willingness to collaborate with CADEF.
From a clinical perspective, Dr. Anthony Bawa, representing the Paediatric Association of Nigeria (PAN), called for stronger multi-sector collaboration involving academia, health institutions and lawmakers to address the risks associated with added sugars in infant diets.
He emphasised the importance of National Assembly involvement in enacting effective legislation to protect children’s health.
The meeting also highlighted international precedents. In India, sustained advocacy and regulatory pressure have compelled manufacturers to introduce multiple no-added-sugar variants of infant foods, demonstrating that reform is achievable.
As interim guidance, advocates urged parents to limit processed foods, avoid sugary drinks and sweets for young children, and prioritise natural options such as fruits.
“Don’t give children soft drinks. Don’t give them sweets,” Ndukwe-Okafor advised, recommending healthier alternatives like bananas and mangoes.
The coalition said it will engage senior policymakers and the National Assembly to push for stricter regulations, including a zero-added-sugar benchmark for infant foods in Nigeria.
Stakeholders agreed that a combination of regulatory reform, industry accountability and consumer education will be critical to safeguarding infant health and securing a healthier future.
News
UK–Nigeria Skills and Schools Trade Mission Concludes with Strong Foundations for Education Partnership

A high-level UK delegation has concluded a week-long skills and schools trade mission to Nigeria, marking a significant step forward in education and skills cooperation between the two countries.

Running from 19-23 April 2026 across Abuja and Lagos State, the mission brought together leading UK private schools, skills providers, and education institutions with Nigerian partners, schools, and the Honourable Minister of Education Dr Tunji Alausa.
The mission follows the high profile and well received state visit to the UK in March, which also included education engagements. Supported by the UK’s Department for Business and Trade (DBT), the mission forms part of its new International Education Strategy, under which Nigeria has been identified as one of five priority education markets, spearheaded by Professor Sir Steve Smith, who is looking forward to visiting the country again this year.
The mission focused on in-country delivery of education, the establishment of world-renowned UK schools in Nigeria, and the development of skills and Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) systems aligned with industry demand.
In Abuja, the delegation met with Nigeria’s Honourable Minister of Education, Dr Tunji Alausa, securing strong political backing for UK–Nigeria education partnerships and set the groundwork for ongoing institutional collaboration across both schools and skills.
In Lagos, delegates engaged further with potential partners and investors. In both cities the delegation was thrilled to visit local British curriculum schools and colleges to further enable them to experience first-hand the teaching and learning environment.
British Deputy High Commissioner, Jonny Baxter, said: “The UK and Nigeria share a deep and longstanding relationship, and opportunities in education are one of its most exciting frontiers.
“This mission has demonstrated the strong appetite on both sides to deepen collaboration in education and skills.”
“By bringing together UK schools and skills providers with Nigerian partners and policymakers, we are laying the foundations for even more long-term partnerships that support Nigeria’s education priorities, strengthen skills aligned to industry needs, and create opportunities for sustainable, in-country delivery as well as positioning Nigeria as the regional hub for high quality education.”
DBT Head of International Education, Sarah Chidgey, said: “This mission is a perfect example of the International Education Strategy being put into action, building on multiple two-way visits and the UK and Nigeria’s warm relationship. It has been heartening to see all the progress in UK Nigeria education collaboration since my first visit to Nigeria, as part of a wider delegation, in 2022.”
DBT’s mission concluded with a strong pipeline of follow-up activity, including targeted one-to-one meetings, MoU discussions, and agreed next steps between UK and Nigerian counterparts.
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