News
CBN Sanction: A Dis-Incentive To Capital Investment

By Cheku Alkali
A fundamental objective of financial regulation is the safety and soundness of financial institutions, and the ability of regulators to mitigate systemic risk through effective policy/reforms.
This assertion represents the statutory mandate of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) under the Central Bank of Nigeria Act, 2007; the Banks and Other Financial Institutions Act (BOFIA); and the Foreign Exchange (Monitoring and Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1995 and other subsidiary legislations.
Admittedly, financial systems cannot function effectively without confidence in the markets. However, due to the volatile nature of the financial market, regulatory actions or inactions may cause disruption to the financial system; thereby reducing confidence in the ability of markets to function effectively.
This in turn could impair the availability of credit and overall economic activities in the country. It is against this background and the overarching responsibility of the CBN to ensure soundness of the financial system (whilst encouraging foreign capital investment) that this writer examines the impact of CBN’s sanction on MTN Nigeria Communications Limited (MTN).
The Central Bank of Nigeria on Wednesday, August 29, 2018, directed MTN to refund the sum of $8.13 billion for alleged illegal conversion of shareholders’ loans to preference shares; and the repatriation of same out of Nigeria.
Other affected parties are four Banks namely – Citibank, Diamond Bank, Stanbic IBTC and Standard Chartered Bank (the Banks)- all directed to refund the sum of NGN2.5 billion for allegations of illegal remittances of foreign exchange with irregular certificates of capital importation (CCIs) issued on behalf of some offshore investors of MTN between 2007 – 2015.
CBN’s investigation was primarily on three key “infractions” to wit; issuance of Certificates of Capital Importation (CCI’s) for the following items; foreign currency sourced locally; falsely declared capital importation; and interest-free loans converted to preference shares without authorization.
In response, MTN described the allegation as regrettable, and reiterated its intention to vigorously defend its position before a court of competent jurisdiction.
At the time of going to print, we understand MTN has instituted an action in this regard at the Federal High Court of Nigeria.
CCI is a certificate issued by an authorized dealer (usually a licensed commercial bank) confirming an inflow of foreign capital either in form of cash (loan or equity) or goods.
CCI is usually issued in the name of the investor with 24-48 hours of the inflow of the capital into Nigeria.
Its primary purpose is to guarantee access to the foreign exchange market for the repatriation of capital/returns on investment – dividend, interest and capital on divestments, as well as repayment of principal and interest accruing on a foreign loan.
Assuming to be correct, the allegation against MTN and the Banks, the question which arises is whether the CBN has effectively discharged its responsibility of financial supervision given the length of time (8 years) it took to realise, investigate and sanction the affected parties.
As stated, foreign investors are permitted to import capital or invest in any enterprise in foreign currency, through authorized dealers – who are permitted to issue CCIs within 24 (sometimes 48) hours of receiving the capital inflow.
It may then be argued, that the inability of the CBN to effectively and promptly monitor the inflow and outflow of foreign capital, is effectively a failure to discharge its statutory obligation.
Put differently, the CBN should have sanctioned the affected entities long ago to avoid the disruption now caused because of the delay in this regard. An unintended effect of this regulatory lapse may be the resultant lack of confidence and transparency in the financial market, that tends to stifle foreign investment activities.
The CBN Manual 2006 (the operating manual at the time the actions of the above-named entities were carried out) provides that foreign investors are guaranteed unconditional transfer of their capital, profits and dividends attributable to their investments in any convertible currency through authorized dealers.
This means that a company/investor intending to repatriate its capital will be required to provide a CCI as evidence that the original investment was imported into Nigeria.
Following the CBN sanction, MTN has witnessed a drop in its share price by 23%. Even in the event the allegations are false and MTN succeeds in its claim against the CBN, the reputational damage to the nation may be irreversible.
For the savvy investor desirous of repatriating capital returns, economic headwinds would seem to warn against bringing in capital investment. Investors would find it easy to conclude that bringing in funds would be unwise because of a perceived inability to access and repatriate same when required.
Thus, by failing to proactively supervise the instant issue, the CBN; despite acting within its statutory powers, may occasion a ripple effect on investor’s confidence in Nigeria’s financial system.
Looking forward, instead of taking similar (delayed) reactionary measures, this writer suggests that the CBN should look to strengthen its monitoring, and processing of CCIs of foreign investment flows in and out of the country.
To achieve this, it can adopt a twin approach to its supervisory role to ensure transparency, market integrity, and consumer protection. This approach of coupling the power of sanction with proactive regulation, will also ensure that the CBN acts as a catalyst for foreign direct/portfolio investment as opposed to becoming an inadvertent market disruptor. It will better reinforce the CBN’s commitment towards ensuring a transparent and stable financial system.
A regulator such as the CBN must always weigh the outcome of its actions or inactions on the market before taking any step. Although it is difficult to have near perfect supervision, it is possible to implement stronger financial supervision measures to reduce the chances of putting foreign capital investment to flight.
Financial regulation in this regard can serve as not just a means of maintaining stability, but as an instrument for growth and development of the financial system.
Cheku Alkali is an Associate of Perchstone and Graeys
News
PalmPay Joins Industry Leaders @ Digital Pay Expo 2026

As digital payment adoption continues to grow across Nigeria and emerging markets, the next phase will depend not just on innovation, but on the strength, reliability, and trustworthiness of the infrastructure behind it.

While the ecosystem has made clear progress in recent years, trust remains a critical issue for users, businesses, and operators alike. Questions around resilience, security, interoperability and transaction reliability continue to shape how the market evolves and how confidently digital payments can scale.
These issues will be central to the deliberations at Digital Pay Expo 2026, where fintech leaders, payment operators, and other ecosystem stakeholders will gather under the theme, “Seamless Digital: Fostering Pan-African Market Expansion in the Era of AI.”
PalmPay’s participation reflects its continued commitment to building trusted and scalable payment infrastructure, while contributing to the broader industry efforts to strengthen systems, standards, and partnerships needed to support long-term ecosystem growth.
Speaking ahead of the event, Olorunfemi Hanson, Head of Marketing and Communications at PalmPay Nigeria, said: “As the financial services ecosystem continues to grow, trust and reliability become even more important.
“The industry’s next phase will be shaped not only by innovation, but by the strength of the infrastructure supporting it. Digital Pay Expo provides an important platform to address the resilience, interoperability, and trust issues that will shape the future of digital payments growth across Africa.”
The event, scheduled to be held from the 17th to the 18th of June, 2026, will feature Chika Nwosu, Managing Director of PalmPay Nigeria, alongside other distinguished guests, including the Director-General, Payment System Management Department (PSMD), Central Bank of Nigeria. The event will examine how the industry can balance innovation, regulation, and scalability while strengthening trust across the digital payments value chain.
For PalmPay, this event reinforces its role in supporting a more resilient, secure and scalable payments ecosystem for Nigeria and emerging markets more broadly.
News
UK, Nigeria Launch £15m Growth Programme to Accelerate Economic Transformation

The UK Minister for Africa and International Development, Baroness Jenny Chapman, has concluded a two-day visit to Nigeria, during which she announced a new £15 million Growth Programme, deepened cooperation on digital transformation and health, and visited communities benefiting directly from UK investment on the ground.

The visit, spanning Abuja and Kaduna, underscored the breadth and depth of the UK–Nigeria Strategic Partnership and marked a significant step towards both countries’ shared priorities.
The UK–Nigeria Growth Programme
The centrepiece was the meeting with Nigeria’s Minister of Finance and Coordinating Minister of the Economy, Mr. Taiwo Oyedele. During their meeting, they discussed the new UK–Nigeria Growth Programme. Over three years, it will accelerate economic transformation, unlock private investment and support Nigeria’s transition from macroeconomic stabilisation to sustained, reform-led growth.
Alongside the Growth Programme, the UK announced deeper collaboration on Nigeria’s digital economy through the SPRIRET initiative, delivered under the UK’s Digital Access Programme. SPRIRET will support digital governance reforms across five Nigerian states, reducing regulatory barriers and enabling greater investment and innovation in broadband, digital services and emerging technology.
The Minister of Finance and Coordinating Minister of the Economy, Mr. Taiwo Oyedele said: “We continue to value the UK–Nigeria relationship, one of the most important partnerships for both our countries. Today, that relationship extends beyond traditional ties and now focuses on development, growth, and shared prosperity.
“The UK–Nigeria Growth Programme helps bring this partnership to life—supporting capital market development, technology investment, small businesses, and technical assistance. We look forward to seeing how these opportunities deliver lasting benefits and drive progress for both countries.”
Trade and bilateral ministerial meeting
During the visit, Baroness Chapman met with the Minister of Industry, Trade and Investment, Dr Jumoke Oduwole. Discussions covered progress under the Enhanced Trade and Investment Partnership (ETIP), including boosting exports via the Developing Countries Trading Scheme, fintech and capital markets links.
Kaduna: building on two decades of partnership
In Kaduna, Baroness Chapman met with Governor Uba Sani to take stock of over 20 years of UK–Kaduna partnership and explore how cooperation can deepen shared priorities. She heard from the business community and key institutional investors about their investment aspirations and the role of the UK in supporting investment mobilisation and enabling climate finance.
She met with community animal health workers and livestock breeders to discuss the UK’s support on breeding techniques, animal health and livestock vaccines. She also visited Unguwan Sanusi Primary Health Care Centre, which serves approximately 20,000 people in Kaduna South, hearing directly from patients and frontline health workers about the impact of UK-supported health programmes.
At the end of the visit, the UK Minister for Africa and International Development, Baroness Jenny Chapman, said: “This visit has reinforced everything I believe about the UK–Nigeria partnership.
“That it is deep, it is real, and it is moving in the right direction. From launching our new Growth Programme with Honourable Minister Oyedele, to meeting from frontline health workers in Kaduna — every conversation this week has shown me a country full of ambition and a partnership that is genuinely delivering for both sides.
“Nigeria is a partner that the UK is proud to stand alongside and I leave more convinced than ever that the next chapter of this partnership is its most exciting yet. The UK is here for the long term, and we are ready to grow together.”
News
Mobile Internet Gender Gap Widest in Africa – GSMA

More than 810 million women across low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) remain offline, with Sub-Saharan Africa recording one of the world’s widest mobile internet gender gaps.

According to the GSM Association’s (GSMA’s) Mobile Gender Gap Report 2026, released this week, women in LMICs are still 12% less likely to use mobile internet than men, leaving an estimated 200 million fewer women connected than their male counterparts.
This is despite mobile internet becoming the primary gateway to the digital economy, according to new research from the GSMA.
The report reveals that of the 810 million women who remain offline globally, more than two-thirds live in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia −regions that continue to experience the widest disparities in digital access.
The findings highlight significant implications for Africa, and the challenges facing governments, mobile operators and development agencies seeking to expand digital inclusion.
The report notes that Sub-Saharan Africa’s mobile internet gender gap stands at 26%, second only to South Asia’s 25%. The divide becomes even more pronounced outside major cities.
“In LMICs, the gender gap in mobile internet adoption tends to be two to three times wider in rural areas than urban areas. In 2025, across all LMICs, the gender gap in mobile internet adoption was more than three times wider in rural areas than in urban areas.
“There is also a difference at the regional level, where the gender gap in mobile internet adoption is wider in rural than urban areas of LMICs in every region except Europe and Central Asia.”
For Africa, the rural challenge is particularly severe, the report warns.
The GSMA found that the gender gap in mobile internet adoption reaches 34% in rural areas of Sub-Saharan Africa, compared to 21% in urban centres.
Device challenge
Smartphone ownership remains a major obstacle to digital inclusion. The report found that women across LMICs are 13% less likely to own a smartphone than men, representing approximately 210 million fewer women with access to internet-enabled devices.
Across Sub-Saharan Africa, only 34% of women own smartphones, with the region recording a smartphone ownership gender gap of 22%, with access to internet-enabled devices remaining one of the most important factors influencing whether women eventually adopt mobile internet services.
“The type of mobile device a person owns matters, as it typically affects whether and how they use the internet. Once someone owns a smartphone, they are much more likely to be aware of mobile internet, adopt it and use it regularly and in a variety of ways. In fact, once women own a smartphone, these metrics more closely resemble those of men,” notes the report.
Barriers persist
Despite growing awareness of mobile internet and its benefits, women continue to face multiple barriers to meaningful participation in the digital economy.
The report identifies affordability, literacy and digital skills as the leading barriers preventing women from getting online.
Even after gaining access, women frequently report safety and security concerns, data costs and connectivity quality as obstacles to broader internet use.
The report notes: “Addressing rural gender gaps is essential to advancing digital inclusion for women overall. In particular, women who live in rural areas tend to have limited physical access to essential services and may have the most to gain from better access to mobile and mobile internet.
“Addressing gender gaps in mobile ownership, particularly of smartphones, and in mobile internet use can help women in rural areas benefit from these digital technologies to the same extent as men.”
Claire Sibthorpe, head of digital inclusion at the GSMA, warns that progress is not happening quickly enough and emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence risk creating new forms of digital exclusion.
“While there has been a slow narrowing of the mobile gender gap since 2022, much more is needed to address the persistent and significant gender gaps in mobile internet adoption and use.
“We live in an increasingly digital world and the proliferation of technologies such as AI are creating greater digital divides and inequities, elevating the need to ensure digital inclusion for all.”
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