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Depletion of ECA Leaves Nigerian Economy Vulnerable- World Bank

Nigerian economy has become more vulnerable to shocks as a result of the depletion of the Excess Crude Account (ECA), according to the World Bank.

The ECA was established in 2004 to save revenues in excess of the budgetary benchmark price generated from the sale of oil, with the aim of protecting the country’s budgets against shortfalls caused by the volatility of crude oil prices.
The account was expected to insulate the Nigerian economy from external economic shocks.
The ECA rose from $5.1bn in 2005 to more than $20bn in November 2008, but during the last meeting of the National Economic Council in December 2019, Mrs Zainab Ahmed, minister of Finance, Budget and National Planning, reportedly disclosed that the balance as of November 19, 2019 was $324.98m.
In its latest Nigeria Economic Update, the World Bank warned that a ‘moderate’ decline in oil price could trigger another recession, noting that the exhaustion of the ECA had made the country more vulnerable.
“Fiscal buffers in the Excess Crude Account have been exhausted, rendering Nigeria more vulnerable to shocks,” the bank said.
Noting that the account was mismanaged, the report added, “The ECA has rarely operated as envisaged. When it was established in 2004, it was to be drawn on only when the actual crude oil price falls below the budget benchmark price for three consecutive months.
“However, state governments contended that the federal Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2007 creating the ECA was not binding on state and local governments.”
The World Bank observed that the Sovereign Wealth Fund was established in 2011 by the three tiers of government to serve as the oil savings fund for the country.
The SWF has three components – future generations, infrastructure and stabilisation funds.
The stabilisation fund, like the ECA, was to support federation revenue in times of economic stress.
“It was envisaged that the balance in the ECA in 2011 would be transferred to the SWF.
The World Bank said, “Instead, in 2012 seed capital of only $1.5bn was transferred, plus another $0.5bn in 2017.”
The balance of the Stabilisation Account, reportedly as of December 17, 2019, was N30.5bn, while the Natural Resource Fund held N88.3 at the same date.
The World Bank further observed that Nigeria’s consolidated government revenue was very low by the standards of comparable countries.
“During the commodity boom Nigeria’s consolidated government revenue reached 12 per cent of GDP, among the lowest ratios for structural, aspirational and regional peers.
It said, “After oil price and production shocks and Nigeria’s first recession in over two decades, in 2016 general government revenue plunged to six per cent of GDP – second lowest of 115 countries for which data are available.
“Recovering to eight per cent of GDP in 2018, government revenues are projected to plateau there unless there are significant tax policy and administration reforms.”
The bank warned that the prevailing situation will continue to constrain the budget envelope and limit fiscal space for investing in physical and human capital.
In the absence of fiscal buffers such as the one that was supposed to be provided by the now exhausted ECA, Nigeria risks another recession, due to the country’s dependence on oil, the bank said.
It added, “A moderate decline in oil prices could lead to a recession in Nigeria due to its dependence on oil; the Nigerian economy is highly vulnerable to a drop in oil prices.
“The oil sector remains the dominant source of risk for growth of Nigeria’s economy, with sustained suboptimal policy decisions aggravating the size of the potential impact on the economy.
“For example, a sudden decline in oil prices to 2016 levels, sustained for a year, would undermine growth and fiscal balances and the lack of monetary and fiscal buffers would magnify the impact of any shock to the economy.
“If oil prices dropped again by about 25 per cent, the country could swing into a recession, with a more difficult recovery path.”
Evaluating the possible impact of a temporary decline in oil price, the bank noted that the development could subtract up to 0.5 percentage points from growth.
The report projected, “Yet, the indirect (spillover) effects on external and fiscal balances and the financial sector would be significant, similar to, if not worse, than what happened during the 2016 recession.
“Since the Federal Government’s deficit is already twice the size of Nigeria’s revenues, the fall in fiscal revenues proportionate to the 25 per cent fall in oil prices would virtually eliminate space for infrastructure spending, with obvious long-term repercussions for growth.
“With no fiscal buffers available –the Excess Crude Account balance is less than $0.5bn – and no likelihood of external borrowing as investor confidence drops because of uncertainty over Nigeria’s policy response, deficits would have to be financed domestically, sending the cost of borrowing soaring.
“Because there are no buffers, the nonoil economy could contract by more than in 2016, with the economy as a whole shrinking by more than two per cent.
“Recovery would be slow in the absence of structural reforms, even if the oil price rebounded by about 15 per cent as the global economy recovers.”
However, world oil prices jumped nearly $3 on Friday after the United States killed Qassem Soleimani, Iranian military chief, a development which fanned fresh fears of conflict in the crude oil-rich Middle East.
The international oil benchmark, Brent crude, hit $69.16 per barrel, its highest since September 17, 2019, before easing to $68.81 per barrel, while the US West Texas Intermediate surged by $2.03 to $63.21 per barrel, having earlier spiked to $63.84 a barrel, its highest since May 1, 2019
News
TeamApt, Awabah Partner to Boost Pension Drive for Nigerians

TeamApt Ltd., a subsidiary of Moniepoint Inc. and a leading financial infrastructure provider, has partnered with Awabah, the National Pension Commission’s first licensed Accredited Pension Agent, to expand pension access for millions of Nigerians in the informal economy.

The partnership was unveiled in Abuja at the launch of Awabah’s agent licence, themed “Building Financial Resilience: Securing the Future with Personal Pensions.”
At the event, PenCom Director-General Omolola Oloworaran underscored a major imbalance in Nigeria’s pension system, noting that while pension assets have grown to over ₦27 trillion, the benefits remain largely concentrated among formal-sector workers. She observed that most informal-sector workers—who make up the majority of Nigeria’s workforce—still retire without any form of savings.
This challenge is further highlighted in Moniepoint’s 2025 Informal Economy Report, which reveals that although 65 per cent of informal businesses recorded revenue growth, most lack the structural resilience required for long-term sustainability and succession.
Through the partnership, TeamApt—a Central Bank of Nigeria–licensed switching and processing company—will enable seamless pension registration and contributions for Awabah users via its Direct Debit service on Point of Sale (POS) terminals nationwide. Informal workers can enrol for personal pensions, tokenize their cards, and automate periodic contributions in just a few steps.
The initiative simplifies pension savings by turning what was once a complex, bureaucratic process into a routine transaction, enabling business owners and workers to build financial security beyond their productive years.
“When we started Awabah, we were driven by one core belief—that no African worker should be one accident or crisis away from poverty,” said Tunji Andrews, Chief Executive Officer of Awabah.
“This partnership with TeamApt allows us to scale that vision. By leveraging their Direct Debit service and extensive POS network, we are meeting informal workers where they already operate—markets, workshops, kiosks, and roadside businesses. With small, regular contributions, workers can now access personal pensions bundled with health, accident, and life insurance,” he added.
TeamApt CEO Dennis Ajalie said the collaboration aligns with the company’s long-standing mission to power Nigeria’s informal economy.
“At TeamApt and Moniepoint Inc., our focus has always been on enabling the informal sector,” Ajalie said. “Today, working within our licence framework and alongside our co-subsidiary, Moniepoint Microfinance Bank, we operate across all 774 local government areas, serving millions of Nigerians who drive economic activity.”
He described the partnership as a critical step toward pension inclusion, adding that it demonstrates how financial infrastructure can deliver real, long-term value to everyday Nigerians.
Ajalie also praised PenCom’s leadership for creating an enabling environment for innovation, noting that Oloworaran’s reforms have opened the door for partnerships capable of delivering sustainable pension coverage for informal workers.
The initiative is powered by TeamApt’s robust financial technology ecosystem, which has supported banks, fintechs, and financial institutions for more than a decade. Its omni-channel Direct Debit service allows automated recurring collections—such as pension contributions, subscriptions, and repayments—directly from customers’ bank accounts with their consent.
Beyond pensions, the platform enables informal workers to automate investments in the capital market, access healthcare through HMOs, and secure insurance coverage for themselves and their families—extending financial security far beyond retirement.
News
FlashChange CEO, Bidemi Oke, Urges Startups to Build Strong Governance Structures Early

FlashChange, Africa’s fast-rising digital asset management and cross-border payment platform, had its Chief Executive Officer, Bidemi Oke, featured as a speaker at the latest edition of Startup Grind Lagos, one of the largest global communities for entrepreneurs and innovators.

Held on Saturday, February 28, 2026 in Lagos, the event convened founders, investors, developers, and ecosystem builders for a candid conversation on innovation, resilience, and scaling technology ventures in emerging markets. Oke shared insights from FlashChange’s journey building a trusted digital finance brand in Nigeria’s evolving fintech and crypto landscape.
During the fireside chat, Oke shared practical lessons from scaling FlashChange in a highly regulated and fast-changing environment. He emphasized the need for startups to build strong governance structures early, maintain open communication with regulators, and design solutions that solve real economic pain points, particularly around remittances, foreign exchange access, and digital asset utility.
“In markets like Nigeria, trust is not a marketing slogan, it is the product,” Oke said: “For us at FlashChange, growth has always been tied to transparency, compliance, and delivering consistent value to users navigating cross-border payments and digital assets.”
He also addressed the broader opportunity within Africa’s fintech ecosystem, noting that innovation on the continent must balance speed with responsibility.
“The next phase of African fintech will be defined not just by who grows fastest, but by who earns and keeps user confidence. Founders must think beyond valuation headlines and focus on building institutions, he added”
“Innovation is important, but sustainability is critical. At FlashChange, we are building for the long term” Oke noted.”
The session featured an interactive Q&A session where participants engaged him on several topical issues. He underscored the importance of proactive communication, especially in industries where misinformation and volatility can quickly erode public confidence.
Startup Grind Lagos Director, Mayokun Adeoti while commending Oke for offering practical, founder-focused insights, he said, “His experience provides valuable lessons for startups building in complex regulatory environments.”
FlashChange has continued to position itself as a reputable voice within Nigeria’s fintech and digital asset ecosystem, advocating for regulatory clarity, financial literacy, and secure transaction infrastructure. The company’s participation in Startup Grind Lagos reflects its commitment to contributing meaningfully to conversations shaping the future of innovation in Nigeria.
The Startup Grind Lagos appearance marks another milestone in FlashChange’s thought leadership journey and reinforces its growing role in Nigeria’s digital finance ecosystem.
News
Galaxy Backbone Confirms Over 150,000 Active Official Government Email Accounts, Clarifies Status of GOVMAIL

Galaxy Backbone Limited (GBB), Nigeria’s foremost ICT infrastructure and shared services provider to the Federal Government, wishes to reiterate and clarify the availability, maturity, and ongoing expansion of the Federal Government’s official email infrastructure, widely known as GOVMAIL.

GOVMAIL is a secure and centralized official email platform established for use by Ministries, Departments, and Agencies (MDAs) to facilitate professional, auditable, and efficient communication across all arms of government.
The platform was launched by the Office of the Head of the Civil Service of the Federation, Mrs, Didi Esther Walson-Jack as part of a broader digital transformation agenda aimed at modernizing public service workflows and reducing reliance on paper-based correspondence and fragmented, external email services.
Recent statements by the Head of the Civil Service of the Federation, Mrs. Didi Esther Walson-Jack, underscore the strategic importance of GOVMAIL in the wider push towards a paperless civil service.
In late 2025, she announced that over 100,000 official GOVMAIL accounts had been created for civil servants across federal MDAs under an expanding paperless policy and that the transformation reflects a clear shift away from traditional paper correspondence to secure digital communication at scale. Today, that number has grown to over 150,000 Official government email accounts, current in use by government workers across MDAs.
Galaxy Backbone also affirms that these email accounts operate within a protected sovereign government domain environment hosted on secure local infrastructure, supported by enterprise-grade cybersecurity architecture.
The platform underpins centralized identity management and ensures compliance with national data protection standards, reinforcing accountability, audit-trail visibility, and overall digital governance efficiency.
In addition to GOVMAIL, Galaxy Backbone operates secure national Tier III and Tier IV Data Centres, a robust National Fibre Backbone, a Security Operations Centre (SOC), and a Network Operations Centre (NOC) that jointly power mission-critical government digital services. This infrastructure is closely aligned with the Federal Government’s digital economy strategy and its efforts to deepen digital service delivery, transparency, and efficiency across MDAs.
To accelerate adoption and ensure that every government worker who is expected to have an official email has one, GBB is working collaboratively with MDAs to close existing gaps and onboard remaining staff within the shortest possible time. These coordinated efforts reflect the shared objective of equipping public servants with the digital tools necessary for responsive, efficient, and secure inter-agency communication.
Galaxy Backbone remains committed to working with stakeholders across the different arms of government to sustain and build on this progress. The company appreciates the emphasis placed on strengthening digital governance and remains ready to provide technical clarifications and support collaborative engagements that further advance Nigeria’s digital public service ecosystem.
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