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Fiber Optic Cables and the Coming 5G Revolution

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In the near future, Nigeria, like every other country, will require the mass adoption of fifth-generation (5G) technology to get ahead. To achieve this, it will require supporting infrastructure.

Here, we explore why fiber optic cables are a crucial part of this infrastructure, one that Nigerian homes, districts, and cities should acquire.   

In recent times, there’s been much talk about 5G technology and the possibilities that it could afford its users. The world anticipates the coming revolution that it will bring: ultra-fast connectivity, a much greater number of connected devices, and support for the Internet of Things (IoT).

Coincidentally, concrete moves towards testing and rolling out 5G across the world have come at the same time with a global spike in the demand for data-hungry services. This event, involving the increased use of video-streaming and video teleconferencing applications, has been driven by the COVID-19 pandemic and the restrictions on physical meetings that have come in its wake.

Nigeria has shown much enthusiasm about 5G. In 2019, it became the first country in Africa to initiate 5G network trials. And in May 2021, its upper legislative house approved the deployment of the technology nationwide.

However, a crucial question remains: do Nigeria’s homes, businesses, districts, and cities possess the infrastructure required for them to make the most of the technology?

5G Network Infrastructure: The Existing Gaps

5G infrastructure consists of a network of large and small cell base stations that possess the edge-computing capabilities needed to make 5G cellular networks functional.

The main infrastructure includes 5G small cell infrastructure and Radio Access Network (RAN) towers. Multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) antennas also have to be deployed in large numbers; fiber optic cables play a role as well.

How the Infrastructure Work as a Whole: The service area of 5G networks is divided into cells. Devices in each cell communicate through radio waves with local antennas, transmitters, and receivers. The antennas are connected to transmission electronics, which are in turn connected to switching centers in the telephone network by optical fiber.

Due to the costs involved in building new infrastructure from scratch, 5G is often made to utilize existing structures that have served older generation networks. However, some components may have to be upgraded or replaced for the technology to function as it’s designed to.

One of these components is cabling. In the past, 2G and 3G had relied on copper coaxial cables for carrying telecommunication signals over their networks. The bandwidth demands of 4G meant that they became less desired as a cabling option. They will be unable to support the even higher demands of 5G.

Why Fibre Optic Will Be Important for the 5G Revolution

As has already been hinted at, the major drawback for coaxial cables is the limited speeds that they can support. Until fairly recently, they were adequate for the 3G-dominant telecommunications landscape. But they have since fallen out of favour in quarters seeking faster speeds.

Coaxial cables can achieve speeds of between 10Mbps (Megabytes per second) and 1Gps (Gigabyte per second) and have recorded upload speeds of between 3Mbps and 50Mbps. Optical fiber, on the other hand, can attain speeds exceeding 10Gbps.

A major factor contributing to these differences in speed is the type of transmission carried out by coaxial and fiber optic. While optical fiber transmits signals as light, coaxial moves them in the form of electrical signals. The medium through which they are transmitted plays a role too. Optical fiber is made of glass and plastic; coaxial is primarily made of copper.

When compared to the telephone network generations they are supposed to support, it becomes clear why fiber optic cables are the preferred option for 5G. For instance, 3G devices can connect to the internet at a maximum speed of 21Mbps; 5G speeds can reach 1Gbps.

5G, Fibre Optic, and Last Mile Solutions

Earlier in this article, we referred to the benefits of 5G that homes, districts, and whole regions could access in the near future. Smart buildings, communities, and cities will become a reality, and high-speed connectivity will enable the integration of various economic sectors and drive innovative business models.

As has already been emphasized, the older copper-based transmission lines will not be able to keep up with the data demands of this new reality. Homes already utilizing this older technology may have to upgrade to fiber-optic cables if they are going to enjoy the comforts that 5G will bring.

The smart home will need much faster speeds to make its data-hungry, data-churning environment function optimally. Fiber optic cables could be one of the pillars on which a domestic, fully operational Internet-of-Things (IoT) will rest.

A key strength of fiber optic is that it’s built to last decades, and accommodates an ever-growing demand for data. Even if the much anticipated 5G revolution is slower in coming than expected, current users of fiber optic will find it easier to plug into that revolution when it happens than those without it.

Already, there’s been some movement in the direction of setting up high-speed fiber-optic infrastructure on a city-wide level. In 2020, the government of Lagos began installing fiber optic cables across the city. So far, over 3,000km of fiber optic cables have been deployed, according to the government’s own reports.

As 5G gains traction, it is expected that the provision of fiber optic cables at the level of individual homes will gather pace.

A Fiber to the Home Solution That Works

The advantages of fiber optic are not beyond the reach of Nigerian homes. Like their counterparts elsewhere in the world, they can acquire a Fibre to the Home (FTTH) solution that’s tailored for them.

If you are seeking just such a solution, Layer3 can provide it for you. L3Fiber, our FTTH offering, is designed for homes in Nigeria. It guarantees low latency and ultra-fast connection speeds, allowing you to enjoy world-class internet access.

L3Fiber is also available for estates and can be designed and deployed for communities in cities across the country.

If you would like to learn more about our fiber optic solution, you can contact us here.


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PIN Engages 1,300 Stakeholders Across Africa to Advance Digital Rights, Inclusion

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Paradigm Initiative (PIN), a pan-African digital rights and inclusion organisation, says it has engaged more than 1,300 stakeholders across 11 African countries through a series of forums, training sessions and policy dialogues aimed at strengthening digital rights, inclusion and online civic participation.

PIN Engages 1,300 Stakeholders Across Africa to Advance Digital Rights, Inclusion

The organisation disclosed this in a statement, saying the engagements were carried out during the second quarter of the year through 26 programmes focused on election monitoring, judicial capacity building, digital literacy and policy development.

According to PIN, the initiative brought together policymakers, judges, lawyers, journalists, civil society organisations and community groups to promote a safer, more inclusive digital ecosystem across the continent.

The organisation said the programmes focused on safeguarding electoral integrity in Zambia, The Gambia and Ethiopia, while also strengthening the capacity of Nigeria’s judiciary on issues relating to Artificial Intelligence (AI), data privacy and digital evidence.

In partnership with Meta, PIN trained 35 judges in Lagos across two cohorts on privacy, data protection, AI and digital evidence.

It described the initiative as a significant step towards equipping Nigeria’s judicial officers to effectively handle legal disputes arising from an increasingly digital society.

The organisation also expanded its Digital Rights and Elections in Africa Meetings (DREAM) to Ethiopia, The Gambia and Zambia.

According to the statement, the programme equipped 110 civil society organisations, media professionals and election management bodies with skills to monitor digital rights violations and protect online civic spaces during election periods.

PIN further said its Digital Rights Academy (DRA) trained more than 100 lawyers, law students and digital rights advocates from Cameroon, the Republic of Congo, Ghana, Nigeria, Tanzania and Zimbabwe.

The academy focused on strengthening participants’ capacity in strategic litigation and promoting accountability for digital rights violations.

The organisation also hosted a Digital Policy Engagement Roundtable, bringing together 34 stakeholders, including organisations representing persons with disabilities, to discuss accessibility and inclusion in digital policy development.

It said Afrocities roundtables held in Nigeria and Tanzania attracted 80 participants who explored ways of improving informal workers’ access to digital social protection and financial services.

According to the statement, a ministerial roundtable in Zambia also aligned the country’s digital priorities with the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS+20) review process.

PIN said it also implemented the Digital Rights and Inclusion Board Learning Experience (DRIBLE) Ambassadors Training in Cameroon, Nigeria and Senegal.

The programme reached 315 participants and strengthened their capacity to deliver digital rights education through experiential learning approaches.

The organisation said the training improved participants’ understanding of digital rights and increased interest in practical digital rights education across communities.

PIN also highlighted the successful hosting of the Digital Rights and Inclusion Forum 2026 (DRIF26) in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire.

The forum, themed “Building Inclusive and Resilient Digital Futures”, attracted 415 participants from more than 39 countries.

According to the organisation, the event brought together policymakers, civil society organisations, media professionals, academics, legal experts, technologists, human rights defenders and development partners to promote dialogue, partnerships and knowledge sharing on Africa’s digital future.

PIN said the engagements underscored the growing importance of collaborative efforts in advancing digital rights, promoting inclusion and strengthening digital governance across the continent


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FG Halts Enforcement of New Regulations on Internet Platforms

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Federal Government has suspended the implementation and enforcement of newly introduced regulations affecting internet platforms, online intermediaries and other cross-cutting issues in the digital economy pending the development of a harmonised national policy framework.

FG Halts Enforcement of New Regulations on Internet Platforms

Bosun Tijani

The Minister of Communications, Innovation and Digital Economy, Bosun Tijani, issued the directive following a strategic meeting with the leadership of the Nigerian Communications Commission, National Information Technology Development Agency and the Nigeria Data Protection Commission.

According to a statement issued on Tuesday, the three agencies have been directed to maintain the existing regulatory framework while efforts to harmonise policies are underway.

The statement said the implementation or enforcement of recently introduced regulations, guidelines, codes, directives and administrative requirements relating to internet platforms and other digital economy issues would be deferred where they are part of the ongoing review.

It, however, clarified that the directive does not affect the statutory responsibilities of the agencies.

According to the ministry, existing regulations that fall within the legal mandates of the respective agencies will remain in force, provided they are consistent with the ministry’s policy direction.

Tijani said the rapid convergence of telecommunications, digital platforms, artificial intelligence, online safety and data governance had created overlapping regulatory responsibilities, making closer collaboration among regulators imperative.

He said a harmonised regulatory framework would provide greater legal certainty for businesses, encourage investment, promote innovation, strengthen consumer confidence and enhance Nigeria’s competitiveness as Africa’s leading digital economy.

“As part of the harmonisation process, a joint technical coordination committee comprising representatives of the NCC, NITDA and NDPC has been established.

“The committee will coordinate stakeholder consultations and develop recommendations for a unified national policy and governance framework,” the statement said.

It added that the proposed framework would seek to clearly define the responsibilities of each regulator, reduce compliance uncertainty for businesses and improve regulatory coordination across the digital ecosystem.

The ministry stressed that the harmonisation exercise was aimed at improving collaboration among the agencies and was not intended to diminish their statutory powers.

The development comes less than 24 hours after President Bola Tinubu directed the Federal Competition and Consumer Protection Commission to investigate major technology companies and generative artificial intelligence platforms over allegations of anti-competitive practices and the exploitation of Nigerian media content.


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Airtel Africa Cuts Diesel Dependence by 9.1m Litres

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Airtel Africa, a telecommunications and mobile money services provider across 14 African countries, saved 9.1 million litres of diesel during its just ended 2025/2026 financial year, as part of efforts to drive responsible growth by minimising the environmental impact of its operations.

This was achieved by reducing reliance on diesel and increasing use of lower-carbon energy sources, including the conversion of 390 infrastructure sites to on-grid power during the year, thus improving efficiency and reducing emissions.

Airtel Africa CEO, Sunil Taldar highlighted this achievement during a media roundtable held in Lusaka, Zambia, where he presented the Group’s Sustainability Scorecard and progress towards building a more sustainable, inclusive and connected Africa.

Other initiatives to reduce Airtel Africa’s environmental impact during the year included promoting the circular economy, recycling 94% of total waste generated. These form part of Airtel Africa’s broader sustainability strategy, which seeks to create long-term value by balancing business growth with environmental stewardship, digital inclusion and socio-economic development.

Mr. Taldar emphasized that responsible growth remains central to Airtel Africa’s business strategy and is reflected in the company’s ability to extend services and opportunities to millions of people across the continent while advancing sustainability goals. Airtel Africa’s network now reaches 81.9% of the population across its markets, enabling greater access to connectivity, information, education and economic opportunities for individuals and communities.

The company recorded progress in its efforts to advance financial inclusion. Airtel Money now serves 54.1 million customers through a network of 2.4 million agents, making it one of Africa’s largest digital financial services ecosystems. Notably, 44.1% of Airtel Money customers are female, demonstrating the platform’s growing role in empowering women through access to secure, affordable and convenient financial services.

Beyond connectivity and financial inclusion, Airtel Africa, through its philanthropic arm, Airtel Africa Foundation continued to drive meaningful change across communities in the continent, investing US$6.2 million in priority programmes in four strategic areas namely Financial Inclusion, Education, Environmental Sustainability and Digital Inclusion.

Through its partnership with UNICEF, 3,296 schools have been connected to the free internet access, helping to bridge the digital divide and expand access to quality education reaching over 2 million learners and 38,868 teachers, while 64 zero-rated digital learning platforms enabled more than 11 million learners to access free digital educational content.

Also, during the year, more than 30,000 young people received digital skills training, while over 250 full undergraduate STEM scholarships were awarded through the Airtel Africa Tech Fellowship programme, helping to prepare the next generation of African innovators and technology leaders.

 


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