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Fiber Optic Cables and the Coming 5G Revolution

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In the near future, Nigeria, like every other country, will require the mass adoption of fifth-generation (5G) technology to get ahead. To achieve this, it will require supporting infrastructure.

Here, we explore why fiber optic cables are a crucial part of this infrastructure, one that Nigerian homes, districts, and cities should acquire.   

In recent times, there’s been much talk about 5G technology and the possibilities that it could afford its users. The world anticipates the coming revolution that it will bring: ultra-fast connectivity, a much greater number of connected devices, and support for the Internet of Things (IoT).

Coincidentally, concrete moves towards testing and rolling out 5G across the world have come at the same time with a global spike in the demand for data-hungry services. This event, involving the increased use of video-streaming and video teleconferencing applications, has been driven by the COVID-19 pandemic and the restrictions on physical meetings that have come in its wake.

Nigeria has shown much enthusiasm about 5G. In 2019, it became the first country in Africa to initiate 5G network trials. And in May 2021, its upper legislative house approved the deployment of the technology nationwide.

However, a crucial question remains: do Nigeria’s homes, businesses, districts, and cities possess the infrastructure required for them to make the most of the technology?

5G Network Infrastructure: The Existing Gaps

5G infrastructure consists of a network of large and small cell base stations that possess the edge-computing capabilities needed to make 5G cellular networks functional.

The main infrastructure includes 5G small cell infrastructure and Radio Access Network (RAN) towers. Multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) antennas also have to be deployed in large numbers; fiber optic cables play a role as well.

How the Infrastructure Work as a Whole: The service area of 5G networks is divided into cells. Devices in each cell communicate through radio waves with local antennas, transmitters, and receivers. The antennas are connected to transmission electronics, which are in turn connected to switching centers in the telephone network by optical fiber.

Due to the costs involved in building new infrastructure from scratch, 5G is often made to utilize existing structures that have served older generation networks. However, some components may have to be upgraded or replaced for the technology to function as it’s designed to.

One of these components is cabling. In the past, 2G and 3G had relied on copper coaxial cables for carrying telecommunication signals over their networks. The bandwidth demands of 4G meant that they became less desired as a cabling option. They will be unable to support the even higher demands of 5G.

Why Fibre Optic Will Be Important for the 5G Revolution

As has already been hinted at, the major drawback for coaxial cables is the limited speeds that they can support. Until fairly recently, they were adequate for the 3G-dominant telecommunications landscape. But they have since fallen out of favour in quarters seeking faster speeds.

Coaxial cables can achieve speeds of between 10Mbps (Megabytes per second) and 1Gps (Gigabyte per second) and have recorded upload speeds of between 3Mbps and 50Mbps. Optical fiber, on the other hand, can attain speeds exceeding 10Gbps.

A major factor contributing to these differences in speed is the type of transmission carried out by coaxial and fiber optic. While optical fiber transmits signals as light, coaxial moves them in the form of electrical signals. The medium through which they are transmitted plays a role too. Optical fiber is made of glass and plastic; coaxial is primarily made of copper.

When compared to the telephone network generations they are supposed to support, it becomes clear why fiber optic cables are the preferred option for 5G. For instance, 3G devices can connect to the internet at a maximum speed of 21Mbps; 5G speeds can reach 1Gbps.

5G, Fibre Optic, and Last Mile Solutions

Earlier in this article, we referred to the benefits of 5G that homes, districts, and whole regions could access in the near future. Smart buildings, communities, and cities will become a reality, and high-speed connectivity will enable the integration of various economic sectors and drive innovative business models.

As has already been emphasized, the older copper-based transmission lines will not be able to keep up with the data demands of this new reality. Homes already utilizing this older technology may have to upgrade to fiber-optic cables if they are going to enjoy the comforts that 5G will bring.

The smart home will need much faster speeds to make its data-hungry, data-churning environment function optimally. Fiber optic cables could be one of the pillars on which a domestic, fully operational Internet-of-Things (IoT) will rest.

A key strength of fiber optic is that it’s built to last decades, and accommodates an ever-growing demand for data. Even if the much anticipated 5G revolution is slower in coming than expected, current users of fiber optic will find it easier to plug into that revolution when it happens than those without it.

Already, there’s been some movement in the direction of setting up high-speed fiber-optic infrastructure on a city-wide level. In 2020, the government of Lagos began installing fiber optic cables across the city. So far, over 3,000km of fiber optic cables have been deployed, according to the government’s own reports.

As 5G gains traction, it is expected that the provision of fiber optic cables at the level of individual homes will gather pace.

A Fiber to the Home Solution That Works

The advantages of fiber optic are not beyond the reach of Nigerian homes. Like their counterparts elsewhere in the world, they can acquire a Fibre to the Home (FTTH) solution that’s tailored for them.

If you are seeking just such a solution, Layer3 can provide it for you. L3Fiber, our FTTH offering, is designed for homes in Nigeria. It guarantees low latency and ultra-fast connection speeds, allowing you to enjoy world-class internet access.

L3Fiber is also available for estates and can be designed and deployed for communities in cities across the country.

If you would like to learn more about our fiber optic solution, you can contact us here.


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Telecom

ALTON Rues Vandalism, Others as Critical Infrastructures Suffer Attacks

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Association of Licensed Telecoms Operators of Nigeria (ALTON), has decried persistent challenges such as vandalism, high operating costs, and regulatory bottlenecks threatening service delivery despite recent improvements in investment inflows.

ALTON Rues Vandalism, Others as Critical Infrastructures Suffer Attacks

Gbenga Adebayo, chairman, ALTON, warned that the continuous attack are putting strains on Nigeria’s telecom sector which serve as the backbone of the country’s economic and digital systems,

Adebayo, speaking in an interview on ARISE News, described telecommunications as the critical foundation supporting all sectors of the economy.

“Telecom operators are the infrastructure of infrastructures that supports all other sectors,” he said, stressing that the industry remains central to power, transport, security, and financial services.

Adebayo noted that the recent 50% tariff adjustment has helped restore investor confidence in the sector after years of underinvestment.

“It has restored confidence in the sector… we are seeing investment, we are seeing now the impact of that investment,” he said, adding that the sector is now beginning to recover gradually.

But, he warned that improvements in service quality remain constrained by multiple external challenges, including vandalism, insecurity, and regulatory bottlenecks.

“Things can be better… but there are also other external factors… vandalism, behavior of public actors, behavior of non-state actors,” he explained.

Adebayo highlighted the scale of infrastructure damage, particularly on fibre networks, noting a major disparity between international and domestic connectivity routes.

“The fiber optic in the Atlantic… has witnessed probably one outage in two years… the one running from Lagos to Kano, we record an average of about 40 cuts a day,” he said.

He explained that such disruptions significantly increase operating costs and affect service quality across the country.

Beyond vandalism, he pointed to theft of telecom equipment such as batteries and generators, as well as security challenges that prevent timely restoration of services in some regions.

“Issue of security… people are stealing batteries, they’re stealing generators,” he said, noting that some areas remain inaccessible during outages until security conditions improve.

Adebayo also called for urgent reforms in right-of-way charges and taxation policies, arguing that telecom infrastructure should be treated as essential national infrastructure.

“Right of way should become free of charge across the country… issue of multiple taxation… it has to be a thing of the past,” he stated.

On rising energy costs, he said operators are gradually adopting hybrid and renewable energy solutions, although the transition is slow and still exposed to vandalism risks.

“We are doing a lot on renewable energy and providing hybrid solution… but that takes time,” he said.

Adebayo concluded that while policy support and investment inflows are improving the outlook of the sector, sustainable progress will depend on stronger protection of telecom infrastructure and coordinated action among government, regulators, and communities to address vandalism, insecurity, and regulatory inefficiencies.

 

 


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Telecom

Uber Expands Beyond Rides, Launches Hotel Booking With Expedia

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Ride-hailing company Uber has introduced a new feature that allows users to book hotel rooms directly through its app, as part of its strategy to evolve into a broader lifestyle and services platform.

Uber announced that the hotel booking service is being launched in partnership with Expedia Group, giving users access to more than 700,000 hotel properties worldwide.

The company said the collaboration is also expected to expand in future to include short-term rental listings from Vrbo.

According to Uber, the hotel booking tool offers features similar to traditional online travel platforms, including destination search, maps, and filters based on pricing, amenities and guest ratings.

Users can also complete bookings using payment information already saved on the app.

Speaking during a presentation in New York City, Uber Chief Executive Officer, Dara Khosrowshahi, said the company was broadening its offerings beyond transportation and food delivery.

“We’re no longer just an app for rides, or even a family of apps for rides and eats. Uber is now an app for everything,” he said.

Chief Executive Officer of Expedia, Ariane Gorin, said the partnership was aimed at simplifying travel planning for users.

“Together, we can reduce the number of steps, save people time and money,” she said.

Uber’s latest move builds on its expansion strategy which began with the launch of Uber Eats in 2014.

Initially focused on food delivery, Uber Eats has since expanded into retail services, allowing customers to order products such as cosmetics, groceries and electronics.

Industry analysts say the development reflects the growing global trend toward “super apps” — digital platforms that combine multiple everyday services within one ecosystem.

This model is already widely adopted in markets such as China, where platforms like WeChat and Alipay integrate messaging, payments, travel bookings and e-commerce services.

Competitors are also broadening their offerings.

For instance, Airbnb has expanded beyond accommodation to include bookable local experiences, wellness services and mobility options.

Uber also disclosed plans to integrate more artificial intelligence-powered tools into its platform.

The company said upcoming features would enable users to plan meals, generate shopping lists and arrange deliveries through conversational prompts, while a voice assistant is also in development to support hands-free navigation within the app.


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FG Okays 112 as Toll-Free National Emergency Response Number

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National Economic Council (NEC) of Nigeria has officially approved 112 as the unified, toll-free national emergency number to streamline responses to security, medical, fire, and natural disasters.

FG Okays 112 as Toll-Free National Emergency Response Number

It is part of measures to strengthen Nigeria’s emergency lifeline and build a unified and coordinated national response to emergencies.

NEC also approved the establishment of a multi-agency implementation committee and programme coordination led by the Office of the Vice President and the National Communications Commission (NCC).

The approval was part of decisions taken at the 157th meeting of the NEC held virtually and chaired by Vice President Kashim Shettima.

Shettima said the 112 emergency lifeline had become necessary to prevent delay caused by bureaucratic bottlenecks, noting that what the citizens seek urgently when confronted by a natural disaster or insecurity is an urgent response and not bureaucracy.

“This is not only a technical reform. It is a test of the state’s humanity. In moments of fire, accident, robbery, medical emergency, flood, violence, or panic, citizens do not need bureaucracy.

“They need a response. They need to know one number to call, one system to trust, and one coordinated chain of action that moves quickly enough to save lives,” he stated.

He explained that while Nigeria is not beginning from zero, as the emergency number had been in existence, what is required at the moment “is coordination, adoption, standard operating procedures, public awareness, institutional ownership, and trust”.

The vice president described NEC as the nation’s economic engine room, where the federal government and the states must convert the Renewed Hope Agenda of President Bola Tinubu into practical outcomes.

 

 


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