E-Business
A4AI Releases Paper, Says Proposed Communication Service Tax Regressive

The Alliance for Affordable Internet (A4AI)-Nigeria Coalition has urged the federal government to consider other measures to generate revenue as against the proposed Communication Service Tax (CST).
In a document made available to Nigeria CommunicationsWeek at the weekend and endorsed by, Dr. Ernest Ndukwe, the national Coordinator, Alliance for Affordable Internet (A4AI), observed that the goal of the proposed CST is to improve revenue generation as stated in the Bill.
With that in mind, A4AI recommend that government should consider other alternatives.
“Our position, therefore, is that the National Assembly reconsiders the passage of the CST bill. However, if the tax must be introduced the government must consider a lower tax rate that enables it to achieve fiscal revenue targets without undermining broadband affordability and access”, the document reads.
Referring to the current mobile broadband affordability situation in Nigeria, A4AI it has continued its engagement with government and other stakeholders in the ICT space in Nigeria in the pursuit of advancing internet affordability and access in Nigeria
A4AI Said that increased access to the Internet has significant and well-known positive socio-economic benefits for the individual user, their community, their business, and the country as a whole.
“However, reality of Internet access in Nigeria is that it’s all about mobile. Only about 13% of Nigerians get broadband access via mobile vs less than 1% from fixed services. (Sources ITU 2015, and GSMA Intelligence 2016).
“Nigeria aims to achieve 30% broadband penetration by December 2018, as contained in the National Broadband Plan. Current figure is clearly some way off this target and needs measures to boost growth in usage.
“A4AI studies have confirmed that one of the main reasons the rate of Internet adoption and use is rather slow in Nigeria is the high cost of data subscription.”
According to the ITU, a 500MB plan costs typically 5.4% of average monthly income in 2014.
The current definition of affordability used by the UN Broadband Commission is where the price of a broadband plan is less than 5% of average monthly income. If we are to use this definition Nigeria is on the cusp of affordability.
However, A4AI’s 2015/16 Affordability Report shows that while in Nigeria the average income in 2014 was US$2970, GNI per capita, according to World Bank, 40% of the population actually earned less than half that amount. In practice this means that a 500MB mobile Internet plan priced at 5.4% of “average” monthly income actually costs the majority of Nigerians anywhere between 7-18% of their monthly income.
“It is therefore right to say that any measures that will increase the cost of services for consumers are regressive, taking Nigeria backwards in terms of its attempt to achieve affordability,” A4AI said.
On current mobile sector tax regime in Nigeria, the Alliance said that mobile operators paid approximately USD 850 million in taxes and regulatory fees to the government in 2014 and USD 760 million in 2013.
“The taxes and regulatory fees currently applicable to mobile phone operators fall under several categories, including duties on imported equipment, regulatory fees, taxes on profits, environmental taxes. Also those taxes that are more relevant to the consumer include taxes on handsets, SIM cards, and services. GSMA suggests that it is this latter set of taxes that we are of utmost concern as they have the most direct impact on the affordability of Internet access for Nigerians.
“Currently a VAT of 5% applies to devices and communication services purchased by the consumer.
In addition, handsets (12%) and SIM cards (20% and 35% special levy) attract additional custom import duties and levies.
Specifically, “Communications Service Tax” (CST) is proposed to be a “9% charge for the use of the communication service” (Section 4 of the Bill), where communication service refers to voice, SMS, MMS, data, and pay per view TV.
A4AI said that with focus on internet affordability; i.e., data costs, it is obvious that the tax is to be borne by all consumers.
On the implications for affordability of mobile data, A4AI said, “Compliance and responsibility for collecting payments placed on mobile operators. Compliance is likely to add a number of operational costs to operators. For example, rather than annually, all service providers are to file tax returns and pay the tax due not later than the last working day of the month immediately after the month to which the payment relates. So while the 9% tax is to be paid by consumers, experience indicates that there may be an additional burden placed on consumers as operators’ operational costs rise.
“While the impacts of the CST on the sector as a whole are major, the above analysis shows the direct, possibly unintended, impact on the consumer and specifically those in low-income groups and women.
Balanced fiscal policy must consider affordability of mobile broadband and should not put in place additional barriers that make Internet access unaffordable for millions of Nigerians.
“This is important given the relative low levels of broadband Internet use in the country. Nigeria is lagging far behind the more developed countries of the world and introduction of the CST will further widen the gap.
The goal of the proposed CST is to improve revenue generation as stated in the Bill (See Explanatory Memorandum in Bill). With that in mind, we recommend that government should consider other alternatives
Our position, therefore, is that the National Assembly reconsiders the passage of the CST bill. However, if the tax must be introduced the government must consider a lower tax rate that enables it to achieve fiscal revenue targets without undermining broadband affordability and access.
E-Business
Nigeria Mulls National Cybersecurity Council

Federal Government has unveiled plans to establish a National Cybersecurity Coordination Council, signaling a shift toward a more unified, intelligence-driven approach to defending the country’s rapidly expanding digital economy.

Conceived as a non-statutory, multi-stakeholder body, the proposed Council will enhance coordination, enable trusted information sharing, and guide government strategy on cybersecurity, risk management, and national response amid increasingly complex cyber threats.
The initiative, championed by Bosun Tijani, minister of communications, innovation and digital economy, is designed to bring together government institutions, private sector players and technical experts into a single collaborative platform to strengthen the country’s cyber resilience.
Tijani noted that this initiative comes in response to a wave of recent cyber incidents that have disrupted operations across key private institutions and public sector.
In recent times, Nigeria’s financial system has faced mounting cyber pressure, reflecting global trends as cybercrime is projected to cost the world over $10.5 trillion annually, according to Cybersecurity Ventures.
Analysts say these attacks are increasingly coordinated and sophisticated, prompting the government to recognise that fragmented, institution-specific approaches can no longer manage systemic cyber risks effectively.
Under the new framework, the government aims to promote a “collective defence” model, an approach widely adopted in advanced digital economies where threat intelligence is shared in real time across institutions.
The Council is expected to include chief information security officers, cybersecurity associations, the Nigerian Computer Society, global technology providers, researchers, law enforcement agencies and civil society groups, ensuring a broad-based and technically grounded response architecture.
Key priorities will include developing national threat intelligence-sharing systems, harmonised cyber defence protocols, and coordinated incident response, while strengthening capacity to close Nigeria’s cybersecurity talent gap.
E-Business
Oracle Sacks 12,000 in India, Begins Shift to AI

Oracle, US-based technology giant, has initiated a sweeping round of layoffs affecting thousands of employees globally, with India among the worst-hit regions, according to multiple reports.

The job cuts, which began on March 31, are part of a broader restructuring exercise that could impact between 20,000 and 30,000 employees worldwide, making it one of the largest workforce reductions in the company’s history.
While the exact number remains unconfirmed, multiple reports suggest that around 12,000 employees in India have been affected,
Employees across several geographies, including India, the United States, Canada, and Mexico, reported receiving termination emails early in the morning, informing them that their roles had been eliminated with immediate effect.
“Today is your last working day,” the email stated, citing “organisational change” as the reason for the decision. Access to company systems, including email and internal platforms, was revoked shortly thereafter.
The communication, according to Business Insider, described the move as part of a broader “reduction in force and other terminations,” and said affected employees would be eligible for severance benefits subject to company policy.
The email also instructed employees to share personal contact details to receive separation documents.
In India, impacted employees have reportedly been offered severance packages that include 15 days’ salary for each completed year of service, notice period pay, leave encashment, gratuity where applicable, and an additional two-month salary top-up in cases of voluntary separation.
The layoffs are linked to Oracle’s strategic shift towards artificial intelligence (AI) and cloud infrastructure.
The company has announced plans to invest approximately USD 50 billion in AI infrastructure and has reportedly raised an equivalent amount in debt to fund its expansion.
In a recent regulatory filing, Oracle said it expects restructuring costs for fiscal 2026 to reach up to USD 2.1 billion, largely driven by severance payouts and related expenses.
The move comes as Oracle looks to strengthen its position against global cloud competitors such as Amazon and Alphabet.
Uncertainty continues to loom over employees, with reports indicating that another round of layoffs could follow in the coming weeks. Employees who were affected described the layoffs as abrupt, with little prior indication.
Some former staff members have taken to social media to share their experiences.
Tricia S Marsh, a former Senior Principal at Oracle, said the layoffs marked the end of an important chapter in her career while urging affected colleagues to remain hopeful.
As of May 2025, Oracle had around 162,000 full-time employees globally.
E-Business
Cybersecurity Firm Uncovers CrystalX RAT which Steals Data, Mocks its Victims

Kaspersky Global Research & Analysis Team (GReAT) has uncovered an active malicious campaign distributing a previously undocumented RAT with a very broad feature set. Beyond the standard remote access trojan functionality, it combines stealer, keylogger, clipper, and spyware capabilities.

Cybercriminals are selling it to third parties as MaaS (malware-as-a-service) promoting it on YouTube and Telegram, increasing the likelihood of its use across a wider range of actors, including less-skilled operators.
Due to its stealer functionality, the malware can collect a wide range of data about its victim: it gathers system information, extracts credentials for Steam, Discord and Telegram, and also harvests data from web browsers. It also poses a threat to cryptocurrency users, as it includes a browser-based clipper that replaces crypto wallet addresses.
Beyond data theft, CrystalX RAT is capable of full-scale surveillance, with the ability to take screenshots, record audio from the microphone, and capture video from both the webcam and the victim’s screen.
Particularly notable is the CrystalX RAT “playful” Prankware feature set, which is actively promoted by the developers. These capabilities allow operators to visibly interfere with the victim’s system by shaking the mouse cursor, setting wallpapers on the victim’s screen, changing screen orientation, hiding desktop icons, forcing system shut downs, and even delivering real-time pop-up notifications and messages to the victim.
While seemingly trivial, these features introduce a disruptive and psychological dimension to the attack, making the attack both visible and distressing for the victim.
Kaspersky reports attacks targeting users in Russia, but the trojan has the potential to spread to other countries due to its sales and distribution model.
“Such a diverse feature set effectively enables a 360-degree compromise of the victim and a complete loss of privacy. Beyond gaining access to account credentials, the stolen data could potentially be used for blackmail.
“At the moment, the initial infection vector is not precisely known, but it is already affecting dozens of victims. Our telemetry is already detecting new versions of the implants, indicating that this malware is still actively developed and maintained.
“We expect the number of victims to grow significantly and its geographic spread to expand in the near future,” says Leonid Bezvershenko, senior security researcher at Kaspersky GReAT.
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