E-Financial
AMMBAN Seeks Enforcement of CBN Guidelines in Tackling Abuses of Agency Banking
The Association of Mobile Money and Bank Agents in Nigeria (AMMBAN) has called for more cohesive collaboration among stakeholders in the mobile money and agency banking sector in a bid to sanitize the industry and diffuse the challenges bedeviling it.
Speaking on Wednesday at a press conference in Lagos, in the wake of allegations of lack of coordination and regulation levelled against the sector by a member of the House of Representative, AMMBAN National President, Mr. Victor Olojo noted that the sector is well regulated by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and has been operating under the regulatory guidelines as stipulated by the CBN.
According to him: “While appreciating the interest of the member of the House, I need to state that the financial inclusion industry in Nigeria is well regulated, and of course the financial sector is well regulated by the CBN, and the Mobile Money and Agency Banking aspect is not left out.”
He however noted that despite the framework issued by the CBN, what is lacking is enforcement. “What we are seeing is somewhat close to an abuse, a clear violation of what the framework issued out by the CBN states. One of the frameworks states that a Mobile Money or Bank Agent should be located in a brick and mortar location, an address that is traceable.
“But what we have today are agents under umbrellas, trees, and agents who are hawking with terminals. And for a very long time as early as 2021, we had written to various stakeholders highlighting these issues of concern to us.
“So, we are happy that finally this is coming out to the fore. We believe that what is lacking is enforcement. And as an association we have already taken steps in ensuring that these issues are being addressed.”
Olojo therefore called for collaboration among the various stakeholders to ensure that there is a streamlined operation in the sector, according to CBN guidelines.
Also speaking at the event, AMMBAN National PRO, Oluwasegun Elegbade highlighted the position of the Association.
The AMMBAN secretary disclosed that one of the strong resolutions that emanated from its Annual National Conference held in Abuja last year, along with robust deliberations with all critical stakeholders, was to begin to self-regulate using a special AMMBAN task force.
He explained that the Association serves the interest of all Mobile money and Bank agents in Nigeria. and is duly registered and recognised by the CBN and other relevant players in the mobile money and Agency banking sector of the country.
According to him, AMMBAN is currently in a process of taking necessary steps to ensuring that its “business space is rid of unscrupulous elements and their activities capable of derailing the laudable intentions of the government at ensuring poverty alleviation by deepening financial inclusion to the last mile. Our sincere motive and prayers have been to bring sanity to bear in our business space.”
He emphasized that Mobile money and Agency Banking are deliberate innovations of the government, which creation was borne out of the goal to ensuring all Nigerians of bankable age are financially included.
He further noted that the critical activities of mobile money and bank agents in Nigeria have, in no small measure, contributed to the enviable achievements being witnessed by the country in the financial Inclusion drive and we are proud to be a critical part of this initiative.
While acknowledging that while AMMBAN “wholeheartedly agree that the effective enforcement of regulation guiding the industry is long overdue, we will also like to correct some wrong impressions expressed in the motion moved by Honourable Jimoh Olajide as published in some National dallies on the 3rd of March, 2022.”
Elegbade while noting that in most cases member agents are the victims of fraud cases, however, said that the worrying realities lay credence to AMMBAN’s consistent calls for effective enforcement of the guidelines in the industry through the Licensed Operators.
“There is need for proper supervision of entry and conduct of activities of all players in the value chain. Agents are mostly the victims of the many crimes committed in our business space today as highlighted on the floor of the House.
“Many criminals parading themselves as customers in dire need of cash or other financial services have mastered the act of cloning bank alerts and using same for exchange of cash from the outlets of unsuspecting agents. We have instances where the sum of money involved in such incidences is so huge that the agents involved became insolvent.”
On efforts put in place to ensure adherence to CBN regulation, AMMBAN President, Oloja disclosed that the Association has been organising training and retraining exercises to ensure that the framework issued by CBN is strictly adhered to. “We have been training and retraining our members on what the expectations are.
“We know there was a time when there was rumours and concerns that agents were taking out details of customer. But we know that no member of the Association of Mobile Money and Bank Agents will do that. Our members are well traceable, we have our database.
We cannot say that for a fact that unscrupulous individuals now have access to PoS terminals , that is why we have continued to raise our voices from time to time to say that there is need for more coordination among the players of Mobile Money and Agency Banking in Nigeria.
So, for a fact, there are concerns, but we want to say that bulk of the issues are not from the side of the agents, but there is a need for all players to come together to see how we can address these issues.
He also disclosed that as an internal measure at AMMBAN, the Association has launched a monitoring and evaluating unit, the AMMBAN Task Force, to ensure that Mobile Money and Bank Agents registered under AMMBAN play by the rules.
Across our state chapters within the country we have been cooperating with security agencies like the DSS, the Police in addressing issues of counterfeit currencies, fraud and the likes.
He however lamented the pressure on member agents who are made to be on the receiving side whenever there is an issue, sometimes being forced to pay for customers’ loses, even when they provide all evidences required in the pursuit of fraud cases.
“We have a robust working relationship with the CBN, and others who are working towards deepening financial inclusion in Nigeria, including CBN’s Development Finance Department (DFD), Shared Agent Network Expansion Facilities (SANEF) and Enhancing Financial Inclusion Access, (EFInA)”, Oloja noted.
CitiTrust Financial Services Limited, the parent company of Osun-partly owned LivingTrust Mortgage Bank, has approached the Court of Appeal sitting in Lagos, following the company’s conviction at the Federal High Court, Lagos, over alleged fraud and illegal financial operations.
CitiTrust, is challenging the conviction and asset forfeiture order handed down by the Court in the case brought the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC).
EFCC accused it of money laundering, illegal financial operations, and operating a Ponzi scheme.
Federal High Court, had ordered the forfeiture of the firm’s assets to the federal government of Nigeria, citing evidence of unlawful financial activities.
CitiTrust is fighting back according to the hearing notice No. CA/L/571/2025, issued on April 15, 2026, the appeal against the federal government, will be heard at the Court of Appeal complex in Tafawa Balewa Square, Lagos.
The matter, listed before Court 1, will first address a motion by the appellants seeking leave to file their appeal out of time.
Oyetola Muyiwa Atoyebi (SAN), counsel to the appellants, in a motion dated September 23, 2025, argued that procedural delays necessitated the application.
He explained that although the Record of Appeal was transmitted on May 26, 2025, the defence could not file its Brief of Argument within the stipulated 45 days due to time constraints and competing professional obligations.
Atoyebi further noted that the appellants’ brief exceeds the 35-page limit prescribed under the Court of Appeal Rules, 2021, by three pages, requiring the court’s permission for its adoption.
The appellants are therefore seeking the leave of the court to file and serve their Brief of Argument out of time, an order extending the time for filing, and an order deeming the already filed brief as properly filed.
The EFCC had earlier secured a conviction against CitiTrust and its subsidiaries, CitiTrust Asset Management Limited and CitiTrust Holding Plc, over alleged fraudulent financial operations.
It would be recalled that in a ruling delivered by Justice Friday Nemakonam Ogazi of the Federal High Court, Lagos, the judge held that there was overwhelming evidence linking the firms to unlawful activities.
The court found that one of the entities was not duly registered with regulatory authorities, including the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), describing the operations as illegal despite corporate registration.
Relying on Section 12 of the Proceeds of Crime (Recovery and Management) Act, 2022, the court ruled that the EFCC had established, on a balance of probabilities, that the assets were proceeds of unlawful activity.
Justice Ogazi also invoked provisions of the Advance Fee Fraud and Other Fraud Related Offences Act and the Companies and Allied Matters Act (CAMA), holding that the corporate veil could be lifted where fraud is alleged.
“The law is that when issues of fraud arise, the corporate veil must be lifted. Statutory provisions cannot be used as a refuge to justify illegality,” the court held.
The court subsequently ordered the final forfeiture of CitiTrust-linked assets, forfeiture of shares held in LivingTrust Mortgage Bank Plc, compensation of investors from recovered funds, and transfer of any balance to the Federal Government.
The anti-graft agency had also declared some executive directors of the firm wanted, alleging that they are currently on the run.
Federal court in Lagos has suspended the enforcement of Nigeria’s most comprehensive framework for regulating digital lending apps.
On April 15, Justice Ambrose Lewis-Allagoa of the Federal High Court in Lagos granted an interim injunction blocking the enforcement of the Digital, Electronic, Online, or Non-Traditional Consumer Lending Regulations 2025, better known as the DEON Regulations.
The order followed an urgent ex parte application filed the previous day by the Wireless Application Service Providers Association of Nigeria (WASPA Nigeria), the industry body representing wireless application service providers operating mainly within the telecoms ecosystem.
The suit targets twelve specific provisions of the text, covering licensing, sanctions, compliance obligations and data-handling rules, according to court documentation published by Lawyard.
Until the next hearing on April 27, 2026, the regulator cannot impose sanctions, enforce compliance directives, or issue new instructions to WASPA members.
The judge also barred the Federal Competition and Consumer Protection Commission (FCCPC) from interfering with the ongoing commercial operations of association members.
The case pits two actors whose respective mandates the Nigerian legal framework has never clearly separated.
On one side stands the FCCPC — the federal agency established in 2018 to enforce consumer protection and competition — which gazetted the DEON Regulations on July 21, 2025, under sections 17, 18 and 163 of its founding Act.
In a press statement dated September 3, 2025, Tunji Bello, executive vice chairman, FCCPC, justified the rules by citing “a long history of complaints” involving exploitative practices, data breaches, abusive debt recovery, and harassment.
On the other side, WASPA Nigeria contests the very legitimacy of the FCCPC’s intervention, arguing that services tied to telecoms — airtime credit, data loans, mobile-financing products — fall exclusively under the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC), the telecoms regulator created by the Nigerian Communications Act of 2003.
In the affidavit deposed by Ayo Stuffman, the association contends that the FCCPC is acting ultra vires and creating a regulatory regime parallel to the NCC’s.
A jurisdictional war that stretches far beyond a procedural dispute
The conflict is not limited to a question of legal boundaries. It strikes at the commercial core of the market: who collects the licensing fees, who sets the operational conditions, who governs the financial products embedded in telecom networks.
Nigeria’s consumer credit stock reached 3.82 trillion naira at the end of December 2024, up 21.27% on September, according to Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) data relayed by The Cable and AFP.
In the fourth quarter of 2024 alone, personal loans disbursed amounted to approximately 470 billion naira.
A growing share flows through mobile applications and telecom-embedded lending products — including MTN’s MoMo Airtime Lending, operated by the country’s largest telecom operator.
If the court validates WASPA’s position, these products fall outside the FCCPC’s scope and come under the sole authority of the NCC, a regulator historically less active on consumer protection issues.
Available data on demand illustrate the social stakes. Between 2021 and 2023, the FCCPC recorded more than 11,000 consumer complaints for harassment, data abuse and unethical debt recovery practices, according to the agency.
The number of lending applications approved by the FCCPC rose from 269 in September 2024 to 408 in March 2025, while 47 apps were delisted and 88 were placed on the watchlist, according to data compiled by AFP and OneSafe.
The DEON Regulations were meant to introduce interest-rate caps, precontractual disclosure obligations, continuous supervision of recovery practices and fines of up to 100 million naira per violation, according to Legit.ng. The compliance deadline was set for January 5, 2026, and the FCCPC had issued written compliance notices to operators with an April 16 deadline, according to WASPA’s affidavit.
It is precisely this enforcement pressure that triggered the legal challenge.
Federal government has said that Nigeria has no plans to seek a loan from the International Monetary Fund’s proposed $50 billion support package for economies hit by the Middle East crisis.
Wale Edun, minister of Finance, who stated this, said that Nigeria’s current reliance on domestic economic reforms and fund mobilisation was working.
Edun gave these insights during the African Finance Ministers’ briefing, on Thursday, at the ongoing IMF/World Bank annual meetings, in Washington, DC.
He noted that for over two years, Nigeria’s investment in economic reforms have begun to yield results, restoring policy credibility and strengthening the country’s resilience against global economic shocks.
Edun told the global west and the rest of the world that Nigeria now prioritises market-based adjustments, avoiding administrative controls, particularly in foreign exchange and petroleum pricing mechanisms.
His assertion follows the disclosure by the IMF that a possible $50 billion support to cushion vulnerable economies against the crisis in the Middle East, was on the pipeline.
Despite clarifying Nigeria’s lack of interest in borrowing, Edun, urged the IMF to ensure faster financial assistance for African countries who will need help from the $50 billion global support package.
“Nigeria has no plans at the moment to approach the IMF or any other such body,” Edun said, emphasising that Nigeria’s reliance on market mechanisms had led to smoother economic adjustments, reduced disruptions and is sustaining the country’s macroeconomic trajectory.
“The IMF talked about $50 billion and we all know that the funding will largely go to Africa, because those are the most vulnerable countries. And the reality is that what we’re asking for in this instance, is that the funds and the support be released quickly and at scale.
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