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Arm’s Length Policy of Payment Service Banks in Nigeria: The need for Clarity

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Emmanuel Okoegwale

In furtherance to enhance access to basic financial services for underserved  and unbanked segments of the society, the Central Bank of Nigeria created a new license category, called the Payment services Bank(PSB).

The key objective of setting up the PSB category, is to enhance financial inclusion by increasing access to deposit products, payment and remittance services to small businesses, low-income households and other financially excluded entities.

To achieve the purpose, PSBs are expected to leverage mobile and digital channels of mobile network operators which will be provided on commercial market rates, to licensed providers irrespective of relationship as a subsidiary, partner or competitor.

Diverse promoters are eligible to promote a PSB such as mobile network operators through their subsidiary, Banking agents, Retail chains, mobile money operators and many other entities that the regulator may deemed meritous of the license.

Relationship between the Mobile network operators, subsidiary and market operators

In order not to give extra advantage, appropriate risk  and prevent commingling, where the PSB is affiliated to a mobile network operator, they are not permitted to include any word that links it, to its parent company.

A parent company or any other related entity of a PSB, which renders services to its PSB shall extend similar services to other entities that so desire on the same terms and conditions therefore on arm’s length basis without preferential treatment to its subsidiary, not offering lower quality of service to subsidiary’s competitors or offering differential pricing etc.

Scope of the Arm’s length

The framework is upfront with access channels and infrastructure’s use and pricing but vague in other areas such as agent and distribution networks which is a compelling component for the design and delivery of basic financial services products.

To avoid the pitfall of current mobile money sector where interoperability is mandated by regulation but market operators shy away from its implementation therefore denying the entire ecosystem, a key driver for growth since wallet holders of diverse mobilemoney operators cant transact with agents outside their network, seamlessly in some cases.

The uncertainty

Without a clear definition, market operators can make poor judgement where they are unsure of what they can access or not access such as subscribers database, CRM, Agency and distribution network etc of the mobile network operators.

To improve operational effectiveness and  resource allotment, organizations need to create certainty and appropriate risk but where arm’s length is not properly defined, market operators  thread with extreme caution to avoid regulatory landmines which can stifle innovation, increase cost, delay product developments  which ultimately  impacts negatively on the market robustness to meet the compelling needs of the underserved population and the nation, missing the financial inclusion targets.

There is need for clarity at inception, what services are classified under the arm’s length for the benefit of potential entrants that might be constrained  by such policies while planning to apply for license or business implementation, post licensing.

Conclusion

A PSB is a combination of a Bank, mobilemoney, remittance and payment provider  without the ability to give credit which is  a major revenue driver, in low value and high volume business financial segment.

With such restriction which reduces the  scope for sufficient earning already hence the need to reduce cost by leveraging as much resources from the mobile network operator’s assets by their subsidiary and other market operators.

From a mobile network operator’s point of view, financial services can be  leveraged as a cost saving platform to reduce churn, lock-in customers which in turn will reduce marketing cost and cost of acquiring new subscribers which will lead to overall  reduction in operating cost. It can also be for income generation, in addition to existing primary products.

A very restrictive arm’s length policy will have negative impact on service delivery and impair the ability of the licensees to leverage some assets, goodwill of either party to deliver financial services that meets the compelling needs of the underserved.

Emmanuel Okoegwale can be reached on [email protected]


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E-Financial

Ecobank Raises Record $450m in Nature Bond for Africa’s Biodiversity

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Ecobank Group has broken new ground in sustainable finance with the launch of the world’s first International Capital Market Association (ICMA) commercial bank-issued Nature Bond on the London Stock Exchange, raising $450 million to channel capital into biodiversity conservation, sustainable agriculture and water infrastructure across Africa.

Ecobank Raises Record $450m in Nature Bond for Africa’s Biodiversity

The landmark transaction, which attracted overwhelming investor demand and earned the highest sustainability quality rating from Moody’s, is being hailed as a major milestone in efforts to close Africa’s nature-finance gap and mobilise private capital for environmental resilience.

The bond, which was oversubscribed nearly four times, creates a new mechanism for international and African investors to finance the protection of the continent’s natural capital through the communities, farmers and businesses that depend on it.

Africa hosts 25 percent of global biodiversity and is home to some of the world’s most important ecological assets, including vast tracts of arable land, tropical forests, freshwater ecosystems and wildlife habitats.

Yet despite its ecological significance, the continent attracts less than three percent of global nature finance, according to industry estimates.

Ecobank’s Nature Bond is designed to address this imbalance by directing capital into sectors where environmental outcomes and economic livelihoods are deeply interconnected.

Unlike traditional conservation financing vehicles that often focus on protected areas and environmental projects, the Nature Bond channels funding directly into the real economy.

The proceeds will support smallholder farmers adopting sustainable agricultural practices, agribusinesses operating verified deforestation-free supply chains, and water infrastructure projects that safeguard freshwater ecosystems relied upon by millions of people.

The initiative will span 24 African markets, with significant deployment planned in biodiversity-priority countries including Côte d’Ivoire, Burkina Faso and Ghana.

According to Ecobank, 81 percent of the eligible lending portfolio will be directed to countries where agricultural land-use change remains the primary driver of biodiversity loss. This approach is intended to ensure that financing reaches areas where environmental intervention can generate the greatest impact.

Nature Bonds represent one of the newest categories within sustainable finance.

Under ICMA’s nature bond framework, proceeds must be used specifically to support nature-positive outcomes, including biodiversity conservation, sustainable agriculture, land restoration and water ecosystem protection.

The designation differs from conventional green bonds, which often support a broader range of environmental objectives.

By contrast, Nature Bonds are designed to target activities directly linked to preserving and restoring natural ecosystems.

For Ecobank, the transaction represents the culmination of several years of investment in sustainability governance, environmental risk management and impact measurement frameworks.

The bank said every eligible loan financed through the bond will be subject to seven independently verified sustainability conditions, supported by monitoring systems that include deforestation screening, supply-chain traceability requirements and ongoing environmental performance assessments.

These safeguards were instrumental in securing Moody’s highest possible Sustainability Quality Score (SQS1 Excellent), providing investors with confidence that the proceeds will generate measurable environmental outcomes.

The $450 million issuance attracted orders worth more than $1.36 billion, representing 3.9 times the original target size.

The strong demand enabled Ecobank to increase the deal size by $100 million while simultaneously tightening pricing by 50 basis points, a rare achievement in sustainable finance markets and a reflection of growing investor interest in credible nature-based investment opportunities.

The transaction drew participation from both African and international institutional investors, underscoring Ecobank’s unique position as a pan-African financial institution capable of bridging global capital markets with local development priorities.

Jeremy Awori, group chief executive officer of Ecobank Transnational Incorporated, described the transaction as a defining moment not only for the bank but also for Africa’s sustainable finance landscape.

“This transaction is a defining moment for African sustainable finance. Investors did not just support this bond. They demanded more of it, allowing us to increase the size and tighten pricing,” Awori said.

He noted that Ecobank had spent four years building the governance systems, accountability structures and operational frameworks required to make nature finance both credible and scalable across African markets.

“We are not a bank that simply labels bonds,” he said. “This bond is ultimately about the farmers, cooperatives and communities whose livelihoods depend on healthy ecosystems.”

Rachael Antwi, Ecobank’s group head of sustainability and environmental and social risk management, said the future of nature finance on the continent would depend on practical models that connect environmental objectives with real economic activity.

“Nature finance will only scale in Africa if it is practical, measurable and connected to the real economy. This bond is designed to do that by linking international capital to eligible lending for sustainable agriculture and water infrastructure across 24 countries,” she added.

Antwi added that the framework reflects the systems and standards Ecobank has developed to ensure environmental sustainability and economic development can advance together.

The launch is expected to strengthen Africa’s position within the rapidly expanding global sustainable finance market, which is increasingly looking beyond climate mitigation to address biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation.

 

 


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NPS, New Payment Infrastructure Hits 153,000 Transactions in Pilot Phase

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Nigeria’s National Payment Stack (NPS) processed 153,000 transactions during its pilot phase, moving closer to a full rollout.

NPS, New Payment Infrastructure Hits 153,000 Transactions in Pilot Phase

Pic credit…..manifieldsolicitors.com

This next-generation payment infrastructure aims to unify banks, fintechs, mobile money operators, and other financial institutions on a single payment rail.

Premier Oiwoh, managing director and CEO, Nigeria Inter-Bank Settlement System (NIBSS), announced this milestone at the launch of the Nigeria Payments System Vision (PSV) 2028 in Abuja.

According to Oiwoh, the National Payment Stack recently recorded its highest transaction volume during testing and is now awaiting final approval before it can be formally launched.

“We’ve started a control pilot transaction on the National Payment Stack. I’m very happy to announce that last night we had the highest level of transactions at 153,000 on the National Payment Stack. So, I’m awaiting the Governor’s nod to put it up formally,” he said.

According to him, the pilot exercise has already provided a strong indication of what the system can handle once it is fully deployed across the financial sector.

The project is part of the broader reforms under the Nigeria Payments System Vision 2028, introduced by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) to modernise payment services and strengthen the country’s digital economy.

At the Abuja event, stakeholders stressed that building the technology alone will not guarantee success.

They said the real challenge lies in how effectively the system is implemented, how affordable it becomes for users, and how far it reaches people who are still outside formal banking services.

Oiwoh noted that the human and operational side of the reform is just as important as the technical design.

“In reality, technology is only a fraction of what determines success. The bigger part is execution. Without proper implementation, even the best system will not achieve its purpose. A significant number of Nigerians are still not part of the formal financial system,” he said.

He also expressed support for a pricing structure that would make digital payments cheaper or even free, arguing that reducing transaction costs could encourage wider participation in electronic banking and fintech services.

“I personally believe transfer charges should be eliminated or reduced to zero on financial applications. Payment services should be accessible without fees where possible,” he said.

The NPS is expected to significantly improve how financial transactions are processed in Nigeria by allowing different financial institutions to communicate and settle payments more seamlessly.

This interoperability is expected to reduce delays, lower friction in transactions, and improve the overall customer experience.

It is also expected to enhance transaction speed and strengthen the reliability of digital payments, particularly as more Nigerians continue to shift toward cashless and mobile-based financial services.

Industry players at the event said the pilot results demonstrate that the system is capable of handling large volumes of transactions and can be scaled up without major disruptions when fully launched.

They added that the platform could support innovation in the financial sector by creating a more connected and efficient payment environment for businesses, startups, and consumers.

However, discussions at the event also reflected concerns about cost and sustainability.

While there is growing pressure to reduce transaction fees, operators warned that pricing must still allow payment service providers to remain viable in the long term.

 

 


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Supreme Court Endorses Unity, Providus Bank Merger

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Supreme Court of Nigeria delivered a landmark ruling on the merger between Unity Bank Plc and Providus Bank Limited.

Providus Bank Limited.

By dismissing the final appeal challenging the consolidation, the apex court has dissolved the board of Unity Bank, cleared all legal obstacles, and formally sanctioned the creation of the enlarged entity,.

The apex court decision ends the legal dispute that had delayed the merger process.

The merger is expected to create a stronger and larger bank in Nigeria’s banking sector.

The shareholders of both banks had already approved the merger during a court-ordered Extraordinary General Meeting (EGM) held in September 2025.

The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) had also given its approval before now.

With the Supreme Court’s approval, the merger process can now be completed.

 


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