Telecom
Bharti Airtel Named Fourth Largest Mobile Network Operator in the World

The top ten mobile network operators in the world account for roughly 3.8 billion subscriptions, about 43 percent of the 8.8 billion mobile lines in service worldwide as of mid-2024.

The composition of that top ten has changed substantially over the past decade.
China Mobile crossed one billion subscribers in the second quarter of 2024 and remains in first place by a wide margin.
Reliance Jio, which did not exist before September 2016, is now the world’s second-largest mobile operator and a clear example of how quickly the rankings have moved.
Vodafone Group, long counted second worldwide, has divested operations in India, Italy, Spain, and Australia since 2019 and now sits well outside the top five.
This article runs through the major operators with current subscriber figures, then closes with a fifteen-country table and a short note on what has changed since the industry’s last reshuffle.
China Mobile
China Mobile reached 1.004 billion subscribers in the second quarter of 2024, the first single operator anywhere to pass the one-billion line.
It accounts for roughly 19 percent of all global mobile subscriptions on its own.
The company was carved out of the original China Telecom in 1999 and listed on both the Hong Kong and New York stock exchanges, though it remains majority-owned by the Chinese state.
Growth has slowed sharply as the Chinese market has saturated: China Mobile took until Q4 2014 to reach 800 million subscribers and nearly another full decade to add the next 200 million.
Its 5G subscriber base reached 599 million by the end of 2025, by far the largest 5G network in the world.
In revenue terms China Mobile reported roughly 98.4 billion euros in 2024, comparable to Deutsche Telekom but well below Verizon and AT&T.
Reliance Jio
Reliance Jio launched commercial 4G service across India in September 2016 with an aggressive bundled-data pricing strategy that effectively ended the previous Indian market structure.
Subscriber numbers reached 481.8 million by mid-2024, ranking Jio second worldwide and the largest single-country operator outside China.
Jio is a subsidiary of Reliance Industries, the conglomerate founded by Dhirubhai Ambani and now led by his son Mukesh Ambani; the unit’s data plans in 2025 included tiers as low as roughly US$2.17 for three gigabytes of data, with cricket-season offers pushing that to 15 gigabytes for US$2.73 on a 90-day validity. The combination of low ARPU and very high subscriber volumes is now the standard story across Indian telecoms, and Jio is the operator that set it.
China Telecom
China Telecom, the parent of the 1999 break-up that produced China Mobile, ranks third globally with 422.67 million mobile subscribers in 2024.
Like China Mobile and China Unicom, it is a state-owned enterprise headquartered in Beijing and listed in both Hong Kong and (until 2021) New York.
China Telecom historically held the largest share of the Chinese fixed-line market and entered mobile services later than China Mobile; its mobile business has grown steadily through the 5G transition, with 5G handset subscribers crossing 350 million in 2024.
Bharti Airtel
Bharti Airtel, headquartered at Bharti Crescent in New Delhi, ranked fourth in 2024 with 395.15 million subscribers across India, Sri Lanka, and fourteen African countries.
The company was founded by Sunil Bharti Mittal as Bharti Telecom in 1995, with the Airtel brand launched the same year for mobile service in Delhi. Airtel’s African operations are run through Airtel Africa, listed separately on the London Stock Exchange since 2019, and account for roughly a third of total group subscribers.
Airtel posted the strongest revenue growth of any of the world’s top twenty telcos in the year to Q3 2024 (4.6 percent), driven by ARPU gains in both India and several large African markets.
China Unicom
China Unicom, the third state-owned Chinese carrier, ranked fifth globally in 2024 with 339.3 million mobile subscribers.
The company was created in 1994 to break China Telecom’s then-monopoly on telecommunications services, and it remains the smallest of the three Chinese state operators by mobile market share. China Unicom merged its mobile and fixed-line networks with China Telecom for 5G deployment in 2019, sharing infrastructure to reduce build costs across the country’s vast rural areas.
The Global Multinationals
América Móvil, headquartered in Mexico City and controlled by the family of Carlos Slim, served 323 million mobile subscribers as of 2024, anchored by Telcel in Mexico (the dominant national operator) and Claro brand operations across most of Latin America. Telefónica, headquartered in Madrid, served roughly 300 million across Spain, Brazil (under the Vivo brand), Germany, the United Kingdom, and several other markets, though it has been divesting non-core operations and the global subscriber number has trended down.
Orange, the former France Télécom rebranded in 2013, served 253 million across France, Spain, Belgium, Poland, and twenty-plus African and Middle Eastern markets through its Orange Middle East and Africa subsidiary. MTN Group, headquartered in Johannesburg, served roughly 290 million subscribers across 21 African countries (with Nigeria and South Africa as its two largest markets), making it the largest African operator and the eighth-largest worldwide.
Vodafone Group
The Shard in London, with the wider city skyline of the United Kingdom in the background.
The Shard, London. Vodafone Group is headquartered in the United Kingdom.
Vodafone Group is no longer the world’s second-largest mobile operator.
The company has spent the past six years divesting from markets where it was unable to lead: it sold Vodafone India to merge with Idea Cellular in 2018 (creating the standalone Indian operator Vodafone Idea, in which Vodafone Group retains a 23.2 percent stake); sold Vodafone Italy to Swisscom; sold Vodafone Spain to Zegona Communications in 2023; exited Australia through a merger; and in 2025 merged Vodafone UK with Three UK to create the largest mobile operator in the British market.
The remaining Vodafone Group footprint is concentrated in Germany, the UK (post-Three merger), and African markets where it operates through Vodacom.
Total Vodafone Group mobile subscribers, including Vodacom but excluding the minority-held Vodafone Idea stake, sit in the 270 to 300 million range depending on which businesses are counted in or out, well below the 469.7 million figure that placed Vodafone second worldwide a decade ago.
Telecom
NCC to Keynote Telecom Sector Sustainability Forum 7.0

Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC) has thrown its weight behind the upcoming Telecom Sector Sustainability Forum (TSSF 7.0), confirming its role as the headline keynote speaker for the Lagos event.

Over the years, the Telecoms Sector Sustainability Forum (TSSF) has evolved into a landmark industry convergence platform and an actionable catalyst for policy alignment, driving critical dialogue around the regulatory, economic, and infrastructural frameworks required to sustain Nigeria’s digital economy.
Taking place on 16th September, 2026, at the Radisson Blu Hotel, Ikeja, Lagos State, the seventh edition of the Telecoms Sector Sustainability Forum (TSSF 7.0), organised under the aegis of Business Remarks, will bring together key stakeholders driving the next phase of Nigeria’s telecommunications and digital growth.
Themed “Rethinking Nigeria’s Digital Infrastructure Strategy to Attract Investment and Drive Innovation”, TSSF 7.0 will address some of the sector’s most pressing priorities, such as policies, digital infrastructure expansion, digital inclusion, good connectivity, partnerships and investments needed to accelerate Nigeria’s next wave of innovations, digital transformation and economic growth.
Organised by Business Remarks, the forum has consistently brought together policymakers, mobile network operators (MNOs), infrastructure providers, data centre operators, policy advocates and financial technology stakeholders to dissect the pressing challenges facing the telecommunications ecosystem and chart a sustainable path forward.
Past editions have successfully addressed pivotal industry shifts, ranging from broadband penetration strategies, human capital flight, mobile virtual network operators (MVNOs) sustainability and infrastructure deficit funding to the operational integration of emerging technologies. By providing a neutral, high-level platform where regulators like the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC) can interface directly with private sector players, the forum plays a vital role in ensuring that regulatory frameworks evolve in tandem with market realities.
Speaking about the event, the Convener, Bukola Olanrewaju, said the Nigerian telecoms sector investment has grown to $75.6 billion as of 2025, with a planned investment of over $1.38 billion in network capacity upgrades in 2026 targeted to enhance infrastructure resilience, boost coverage and improve quality of service for subscribers nationwide.
“As the industry faces a new frontier defined by deepening 5G and 4G penetration, expanding fibre optic networks, and complex macroeconomic pressures, the need to meet the growing demands for digital services while remaining profitable has become the defining challenge of the modern telecommunications landscape.”
At a time when investment in connectivity, subsea cables, fibre networks, data centres, cloud infrastructure and cybersecurity is reshaping the country’s digital landscape, TSSF remains a vanguard of thought leadership and industry engagement, fostering the public-private collaborations necessary to safeguard the backbone of Nigeria’s digital transformation.
Telecom
NCC Advances Dig Once Policy, Engages Stakeholders on Cost-Based Framework for Duct Sharing

Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC) has reaffirmed its commitment to promoting efficient broadband infrastructure deployment in Nigeria through collaborative implementation of the Dig Once Policy.

L-R: Prof. Olalekan Yinusa, Executive Director, Policy, Strategy and Research, Nigeria Governors’ Forum; Mr. Ayuba Shuaibu, Director, Policy Competition and Economic Analysis, Nigerian Communications Commission, NCC; Engr. Nadungu Gagare, Permanent Secretary, Federal Ministry of Communications, Innovation and Digital Economy; Dr. Helen Aderibigbe Adeniyi, Hon. Commissioner, Ministry of Innovation Science and Technology, Kogi State, during the 2nd Stakeholders ‘ Consultative Forum on the Study to Develop a Mechanism and Cost-Based Structure for Sharing Duct Built Under The Dig-Once Policy in Nigeria, on the 8th July 2026, at the NCC Annex Office Mbora Abuja.
The Commission gave the assurance at the Second Stakeholders’ Consultative Forum to Develop a Pricing Mechanism and Cost-Based Structure for Sharing Ducts Built Under the Dig Once Policy in Nigeria, held at the NCC Annex Office, Mbora, Abuja, on Wednesday.
The forum brought together representatives of federal and state government institutions, telecommunications operators, infrastructure companies, industry associations, development partners and other key stakeholders to deliberate on the interim findings of the study and provide input towards the development of a transparent, equitable and cost-based framework for sharing underground duct infrastructure.
Speaking at the event, NCC’s Director, Policy, Competition and Economic Analysis, Mr Ayuba Shuaibu, said the consultative engagement underscored the Commission’s commitment to an open, transparent and inclusive regulatory process that accommodates the interests of infrastructure providers, network operators, public institutions and consumers.
Shuaibu noted that the proposed framework is intended to encourage infrastructure sharing, improve asset utilisation, reduce the cost of broadband deployment and facilitate the expansion of telecommunications infrastructure across the country.
According to him, the study is designed to establish a fair and transparent pricing mechanism for sharing underground ducts deployed under Nigeria’s Dig Once Policy, which encourages the installation of telecommunications ducts during road construction and rehabilitation projects. He explained that this would enable future fibre deployments without repeated road excavations.
“The Commission remains committed to a transparent, inclusive and consultative process. Our objective is to arrive at a pricing structure that balances the interests of infrastructure providers, access seekers and, ultimately, consumers, while also encouraging continued investment in broadband infrastructure.
“We encourage frank, constructive and solution-oriented contributions that will strengthen the final outcomes of this study,” Shuaibu said.
He added that observations, recommendations and contributions received from stakeholders during the consultation would be reviewed and incorporated into the final study report to ensure that the resulting framework is practical, commercially sustainable and responsive to industry realities.
Delivering the keynote presentation, the consultant, Mr Olugbenga Olabiyi, Managing Director of Dimension Data Limited, observed that passive infrastructure, including ducts, conduits, manholes and related facilities, constitutes one of the most capital-intensive components of broadband network deployment globally.
He said infrastructure sharing had emerged as an effective strategy for reducing deployment costs, improving efficiency and accelerating broadband expansion.
Olabiyi stated that Nigeria’s adoption of the Dig Once Policy presents an important opportunity to strengthen coordinated infrastructure deployment, minimise avoidable road excavations, improve utilisation of existing infrastructure and support broader broadband access across the country.
He also emphasised the importance of developing a predictable, transparent and equitable access framework, noting that inconsistent pricing models and unclear access conditions could undermine investment incentives and limit the benefits of infrastructure sharing.
“For Nigeria, where broadband expansion remains a national priority under the National Broadband Plan, successful implementation of the Dig Once Policy could become one of the most impactful infrastructure reforms in our telecommunications history.
“However, infrastructure sharing succeeds only when access is governed by fairness, transparency, predictability and effective market oversight.
“Without an equitable access framework, owners of shared infrastructure may inadvertently or deliberately create barriers to entry through excessive pricing, restrictive commercial conditions or discriminatory access practices. Such outcomes would undermine the objectives of the Dig Once initiative and discourage investment rather than promote it.
“This is why the NCC’s initiative to develop a cost-based pricing framework deserves commendation. A transparent and objective pricing methodology will provide confidence to investors, infrastructure companies, mobile network operators, Internet Service Providers, fibre operators and all participants within the communications ecosystem,” he said.
Participants at the forum reviewed the interim findings and provided recommendations on the proposed pricing methodology, implementation considerations and cost elements. Discussions focused on ensuring that the policy supports efficient infrastructure deployment while balancing the interests of infrastructure providers, access seekers and consumers.
The stakeholder consultation builds on earlier engagements conducted by the Commission on the study. It also aligns with the NCC’s commitment to implementing regulatory initiatives that promote broadband expansion, encourage infrastructure sharing and advance Nigeria’s digital transformation agenda.
Telecom
MTN Accelerates Network Expansion to Meet Surging Telecom Demand

MTN Nigeria is accelerating investments in network expansion and modernization to address rising demand for mobile and data services across the country.

The operator is deploying additional base stations, upgrading existing infrastructure, and expanding fiber connectivity to improve network capacity, coverage, and service quality.
The investments are designed to support increasing smartphone adoption, higher data consumption, and the growing use of digital services by consumers and businesses.
MTN said the expansion aligns with its long-term strategy to enhance customer experience while strengthening Nigeria’s digital infrastructure.
The company expects the ongoing upgrades to improve connectivity, support economic growth, and enable broader access to reliable telecommunications services as demand for high-speed broadband continues to increase.
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