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Billionaire Pastors Running Nigeria’s Megachurches

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Prophet Temitope Joshua, founder of the Synagogue Church of all Nations (SCOAN)
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When a guesthouse belonging to one of Nigeria’s leading Christian pastors collapsed last month, killing 115 mostly South African pilgrims, attention focussed on the multimillion-dollar “megachurches” that form a huge, untaxed sector of Africa’s top economy, according to Reuters

Hundreds of millions of dollars change hands each year in these popular Pentecostal houses of worship, which are modelled on their counterparts in the United States.

Some of the churches can hold more than 200,000 worshippers and, with their attendant business empires, they constitute a significant section of the economy, employing tens of thousands of people and raking in tourist dollars, as well as exporting Christianity globally.
 
But exactly how much of Nigeria’s $510 billion GDP they make up is difficult to assess, since the churches are, like the oil sector in Africa’s top energy producer, largely opaque entities.

“They don’t submit accounts to anybody,” said Bismarck Rewane, economist and CEO of Lagos consultancy Financial Derivatives. “At least six church leaders have private jets, so they have money. How much? No one really knows.”

When Nigeria recalculated its GDP in March, its economy became Africa’s biggest, as previously poorly captured sectors such as mobile phones, e-commerce and its prolific “Nollywood” entertainment industry were specifically included in estimates.

There was no such separate listing for the “megachurches”, whose main source of income is “tithe”, the 10 percent or so of their income that followers are asked to contribute.

As the churches have charity status, they have no obligation to open their books, and certainly don’t have to fill in tax returns — an exemption that is increasingly controversial in Nigeria, where poverty remains pervasive despite the oil riches.

The pastors argue their charity work should exempt them.

“We use the income of the church to build schools, we use the income of the church to serve the needs of the poor,” David Oyedepo, bishop of the popular Winners Chapel, told Reuters in an interview. “These are non-profit organisations.”

PASTORS ON FORBES LIST
Nonetheless, the surging popularity of the megachurches among the Christians who make up half of Nigeria’s 170 million population has propelled their preachers into the ranks of the richest people in Africa.

In 2011, Forbes magazine estimated the fortunes of Nigeria’s five richest pastors. Oyedepo topped the list, with an estimated net worth of $150 million.

He was followed by “Pastor Chris” Oyakhilome of Believers’ LoveWorld Incorporated, also known as the Christ Embassy and popular with executives and politicians, on $30 million to $50 million.

TB Joshua, pastor of the Synagogue Church of All Nations, at the centre of the recent diplomatic storm over the deaths in its guesthouse, was thought to have $10 million to $15 million.

The National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) declined to comment on how churches fit into their GDP figures, but a source there said they were included as “non-profit”, which falls under “other services” in the latest figures. In 2013, the category contributed 2.5 percent of GDP, the same as the financial sector.

A former banker at Nigeria’s United Bank for Africa, who declined to be named, recalled being approached five years ago by a church that was bringing in $5 million a week from contributions at home or abroad.

“They wanted to make some pretty big investments: real estate, shares,” he said. “They wanted to issue a bond to borrow, and then use the weekly flows to pay the coupon.”

In the end, he said, the bank turned down the proposal on ethical grounds.

Yet Nigerian churches do often invest large amounts of their congregations’ money in shares and property, at home and abroad, he and another banking source said.

One pastor bought 3 billion naira ($18 million) worth of shares in the defunct Finbank, which later merged with FCMB, after it was rescued in a bail-out in 2009, a fund manager who handled the deal told Reuters. The pastor used a nominee trust account to keep his name off the books.

In 2011, Oyakhilome was investigated by the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) and charged with laundering $35 million of contributions to his church in foreign bank accounts. He denied all wrongdoing and the case was dismissed for lack of evidence.

Oyakhilome was not available for comment and Joshua’s media team declined a request for an interview with him.

MIDAS TOUCH

Oyedepo’s headquarters, “Canaanland”, is a 10,500-acre (4250-hectare) campus in Ota, outside the commercial capital Lagos. It comprises a university, two halls of accommodation, restaurants and a church seating 50,000 people, with a total overflow capacity of five times that.

“You can see that everything this man touches turns to gold,” Nigerian Agriculture Minister Akinwumi Adesina said in a speech at a reception for Oyedepo’s 60th birthday at Canaanland last month.

“May the grace of God abide with you,” he added, to a rapturous “Amen!” from the guests in a marquee.

Other dignitaries present included twice-president Olusegun Obasanjo and former military ruler Yakubu Gowon. A choir sang gospel songs as the guests cut an elaborate six-tiered cake and popped fizzy grape juice out of champagne bottles in golden wrapping — alcohol is banned in Canaanland.

The next day, he delivered four Sunday services in a row to tens of thousands of cheering followers, his white-suited figure projected onto large flat-screen televisions all around.

“From today, no evil spirit, no demon will survive the Almighty!” he shouted, and the crowd roared “Amen!”.

A spokesman said the church has 5,000 branches across Nigeria, and 1,000 more in 63 other countries across five continents. But Oyedepo’s empire also includes two fee-paying universities that he built from scratch, a publishing house for Christian self-help books, and an elite high school.

Other pastors have similarly diversified ways of getting the Gospel of Christian salvation out.

Oyakhilome owns magazines, newspapers and 24-hour TV station, and Joshua draws miracle-seekers from all over the world with claims that the holy water he has blessed cures otherwise incurable ailments such as HIV/AIDS.

Before Joshua built his 10,000-seat headquarters at Ikotun-Egbe in outer Lagos, the area was part swamp, part abandoned industrial estate.

Now, it is a boom town with shops, hotels, eateries and bars catering largely to the travellers who come not only from West Africa but also from all corners of the globe to hear his sermons. Joshua also runs a TV station.

“BLESSED BY THE LORD”

Guests entering Oyedepo’s birthday marquee in Canaanland would have seen a picture of the poor household in southwest Nigeria where he grew up, testament to a rags-to-riches story that many Nigerians would love to emulate.

Like U.S. televangelists, Winners Chapel preaches the “prosperity gospel” that faith in Jesus Christ lifts people out of poverty, and that message partly explains the explosion of the Pentecostal movement in sub-Saharan Africa, where misfortune and poverty are often seen as having supernatural causes.

“We see giving as the only way to be blessed. Blessing other people is a way of keeping the blessings flowing,” said Oyedepo, whose blessings include a Gulfstream V jet and several BMWs.

Giving to support the church and its work is something the faithful are encouraged to do, a Christian tradition that was a pillar of the Roman Catholic church in medieval Europe, just as it has been a major money-spinner for U.S. televangelists.

Aneke Chika, a business analyst in an oil services company, told Reuters on the steps of Oyedepo’s church that she set aside 20,000 naira of her 200,000 naira ($1,218) salary every month.

Asked about Forbes’ estimate of his fortune, Oyedepo told Reuters: “For me, to have fortune means someone who has what he needs at any point in time. I don’t see myself as having $150 million stacked up somewhere. Whatever way they found their figures, I am only able to say I am blessed by the Lord.”

He said he could not estimate the church’s total revenues or expenditure on items such as salaries because the various departments, including education, were too diverse.

The enterprises on the Canaanland campus, from the shops selling cold sodas and bread, to a woman boiling instant noodles and eggs for breakfast in a lodge, to pop-up book stalls hawking Oyedepo’s prolific literary output, are owned by the church’s estate, which employs their staff on its payroll, workers at all the outlets told Reuters.

Winners Chapel’s Corporate Affairs department said the church employed more than 18,000 people in Nigeria alone.

Oyedepo says the wealth the church gathers is invested in expanding it, and that if he did not use a private jet, he would be unable to oversee its many foreign operations and still return to Ota every week in time for Sunday’s worship.

Britain’s Charity Commission says it is reviewing potential conflicts of interest in his finances, and last month the Home Office (interior ministry) barred him from Britain, though it declined to say why.

Oyedepo said he knew nothing of the commission’s review, nor had the Home Office explained to him why he was barred.

A national conference to debate Nigeria’s constitution this year proposed that the megachurches should be taxed.

But with an election coming up in February, it is debatable whether President Goodluck Jonathan, who is close to several megapastors, would risk upsetting these influential men and their hefty congregations with a fat tax bill.

“There is no single government input on this premises,” Oyedepo told Reuters in the interview. “We supply our water, we make our roads, then you … say: ‘Let’s tax them’. For what?”


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Airtel Africa Foundation Calls for Applications for “DigiLeap” Tech Training for Young Women

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The Airtel Africa Foundation, through Airtel Nigeria, has officially opened the application portal for the DigiLeap Tech Drive, a core initiative in the Foundation’s digital inclusion agenda. The application portal will be open until 8th May 2026.

Targeting 200 underserved young women in the Ikorodu Local Government Area of Lagos State, the programme is designed to bridge the gender divide in the digital economy by providing intensive, industry-standard technical and digital literacy training at no cost to the beneficiaries.

The DigiLeap Tech Drive is a strategic collaboration between the Airtel Africa Foundation, the ISHK Tolaram Foundation, and Co-Creation Hub (CcHub), with implementation carried out by the SAIL Innovation Lab, a leading centre for digital talent development in Nigeria.

Strategically engineered to transform high-potential individuals into workforce-ready professionals, this high-impact project will provide technical instruction, mentorship, and job-placement linkages, directly tackling regional unemployment and the systemic underrepresentation of women in the global technology sector.

Commenting on the project, Dr Segun Ogunsanya, Chairman of the Airtel Africa Foundation, emphasised that the partnership between the Foundation, Ishk Tolaram, and CcHub is central to the Foundation’s holistic mission of advancing both digital and gender inclusion across the continent.

“Our mission at the Airtel Africa Foundation is to accelerate digital inclusion across the continent,” he said. “By bringing the DigiLeap Tech Drive to the women of Ikorodu alongside Ishk Tolaram and CcHub, we are providing 200 young women with a definitive competitive advantage in the modern economy. This initiative ensures the digital revolution is truly inclusive; it isn’t merely a training session, but a professional pipeline designed to transition these women directly into internships and sustainable careers.”

In his remarks on the flag-off, Dinesh Balsingh, Chief Executive Officer, Airtel Nigeria, highlighted Airtel’s dedication to ensuring that women are integrated into the country’s rapidly evolving digital economy.

“At Airtel Nigeria, we believe that empowering women with digital skills is a fundamental catalyst for national economic growth. With the DigiLeap tech training, we are creating a sustainable pathway for young women in underserved communities to move from the sidelines of the digital economy into the heart of the tech workforce. This initiative reflects our deep-rooted commitment to social impact and our belief that when women lead in technology, entire communities thrive,” he said.

Focusing on industry-standard competencies that enhance both employability and entrepreneurship readiness, application entry into the programme is now live and open to women aged 18–35 living in Ikorodu.

 


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Cross River State Isolates 10 More Persons with COVID Symptoms

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Cross River State Government said it has identified and isolated 10 persons who interacted with a Chinese national who reimported COVID-19 into Nigeria.

Cross River State Isolates 10 More Persons with COVID Symptoms

Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (NCDC) while confirming a case of COVID-19 in the state, assured the public that there is no evidence of widespread transmission.

But, Dr. Inyang Ekpenyong, state epidemiologist, disclosed that the individuals were traced through contact tracing after interacting with the index case (Chinese national) and have since been placed under movement restriction.

“We’ve restricted their movements to their homes, so that they do not spread the symptoms to other persons,” Ekpenyong said, noting that the contacts were under close monitoring by health officials.

She added that surveillance teams had visited the expatriate’s workplace in Akamkpa to track possible exposure and prevent further transmission.

The affected Chinese national is currently receiving treatment at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital (UCTH), where authorities said he was responding positively.

Ekpenyong reminded residents that COVID-19, despite first emerging about six years ago, has not been eradicated, urging continued adherence to preventive measures.

She advised the public to maintain regular hand sanitisation, use face masks where necessary, and follow public health guidelines issued by experts.

But, Dr. Jide Idris, director general, NCDC, said, “Public health surveillance systems remain active nationwide, and we are working closely with state authorities to ensure early detection and swift response to any case.”

In a statement on Wednesday, Dr. Idris, said there is no cause for alarm, adding that “We are monitoring the situation closely and our response systems are active and working,”.

Earlier, Dr. Henry Egbe Ayuk, state commissioner for Health,  confirmed the first case and assured residents that all necessary containment protocols had been activated.

According to Ayuk, the index case involves a 53-year-old Chinese national who arrived in Nigeria on March 17 and later developed symptoms while in Akamkpa.

He explained that the patient’s condition worsened while receiving treatment at a state facility before he was transferred to UCTH for advanced care.

“At the facility, samples were taken in line with established protocols, and it was confirmed that the patient showed symptoms of COVID-19,” Ayuk said.

“We are, however, happy to report that he is doing well,” he added.

The commissioner stressed that the state’s health system has been strengthened to respond effectively to outbreaks, with surveillance mechanisms fully operational across Cross River State.

He acknowledged the presence of occasional silent infections but maintained that the government remained prepared to manage any public health threat.

“But we are determined that for every ailment, every disease or outbreak, if it is identified here in the state, there should be no alarm. The state will do well in terms of surveillance or containment of an outbreak. Whatever it is, we will do our best to contain it. So, there is no alarm,” Ayuk stated.

Ayuk further noted that COVID-19 remains a global concern, warning that cross-border movement of infected individuals continues to pose risks.

“COVID-19 is not peculiar to Nigeria. But we’re determined to contain it. There’s no cause for alarm,” he said.

 

 


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The Visibility Trap

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By Ememobong Udofot

There is a persistent assumption in modern business that attention is progress. If people are seeing you, engaging with you, and talking about you, then you must be growing. On the surface, this feels true. In practice, it is one of the most expensive misconceptions companies carry.

Visibility is not legitimacy. And confusing the two creates fragile businesses that look successful long before they actually are.

Visibility is distribution. It is how often you are seen, how far your message travels, and how loudly you exist in a market. It is driven by campaigns, partnerships, content, and media. It is measurable in impressions, reach, mentions, and recall.

Legitimacy is something else entirely. It is not what people see. It is what they conclude. It is the quiet but critical judgement a user makes when deciding whether to trust you with something that matters. Their money, their time, their reputation, their belief. Legitimacy is not declared. It is inferred. This is where most companies miscalculate.

A platform can be highly visible and still feel unsafe. It can be everywhere and still feel uncertain. It can dominate conversations and still fail at conversion when the moment of decision arrives. Because today, users are not asking, “Have I seen this before?” They are asking, “Do I trust what happens next?”

In financial services, especially in emerging markets, this distinction becomes sharper. Users do not operate from abundance. They operate from risk awareness. Every transaction is evaluated, consciously or not, through a lens of potential loss. What could go wrong? How fast can I recover if it does? Who is accountable if it fails? Visibility does not answer these questions. Legitimacy does.

Legitimacy is built through signals that reduce perceived risk. Not theoretical safety, but experienced reliability. It shows up in consistency of outcomes, in how predictable your system is under pressure, and in whether your platform behaves the same way every time, not just when everything is working but also when something breaks. It is reinforced by clarity. Users trust what they understand, not what is explained to them in long paragraphs, but what is immediately obvious in interaction. What happens next, how long it takes and what they can expect. It is strengthened by accountability. Not in policy documents, but in visible behaviour. How issues are handled, how quickly they are resolved, whether responsibility is assumed or deflected.

These are not branding elements in the traditional sense. They are operational realities. But this is exactly where branding is often misunderstood. Brand is not what you say about your product. It is the system of signals that shape how your product is perceived before, during, and after use. While visibility amplifies your presence, legitimacy sustains your relevance.

When companies prioritize visibility without building legitimacy, they create a dangerous gap between expectation and experience. Growth accelerates, but trust does not compound at the same rate. Eventually, the system corrects itself. Users withdraw, reputation weakens, and recovery becomes significantly harder than initial growth.

On the other hand, when legitimacy is established first, visibility becomes an accelerator rather than a risk. Every new user acquired enters a system that can hold them. Every interaction reinforces the same conclusion. This works; I can rely on this.

This is slower to build, but far more durable. The strategic implication is simple but rarely followed. Do not ask how to be seen more; ask what conclusions users are forming when they see you. Do not optimise for attention in isolation, optimise for the alignment between what is promised and what is experienced. Do not treat trust as a communication problem, treat it as a systems problem that communication must accurately represent. Because in the end, markets do not reward visibility. They reward reliability that has been observed, tested, and believed. And that is legitimacy.

Ememobong Udofot E. is a branding and communications executive specialising in strategy, systems thinking, and trust design within financial technology. She currently leads Branding and Communications at FlashChange, a digital value exchange platform focused on enabling reliable, efficient movement of digital assets.


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