Telecom
Broadband Satellites: Defining Efficiency and Flexibility to Drive 5G (Part 11)

By Andrew Aroh
USING KA-BAND BROADBAND SATELLITE FOR HIGH EFFICIENCIES AND FLEXIBILITY REQUIRED FOR 5G
- To obtain on-orbit flexibility as required for 5G there are certain stringent constraints that are required for commercial communications satellite payloads:
- Size
- Mass
- Cost
- Power consumption
- Reliability
- Technical risk
- In digital realization of the payload, we are looking at high-speed/low power characteristics while having radiation hardness.
- Microwave capabilities for SATCOM upper Microwave assemblies are advancing as designers have developed a number of integrated converters for frequencies up to 100GHz and more.
- Thus, the topology of a LEO-based Network has become very dynamic and uses fast-packet switching suitable for 5G
- For the Ka-band as well as the V-band systems, there are four main features required for high efficiency operations:
- Higher beam power
- Higher bandwidths
- Conduction cooling
- An enabling technology including AIS and ACM
- AIS (Automatic in route Selection) and ACM (Adaptive Code Modulation) enables a dynamic process through which the hub assess how much power the remote site needs to receive and send information in unfavourable weather conditions, enabling the highest efficiency of operations possible, all the time.
SPECIAL FEATURES OF ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS SATELLITE PAYLOADS:
- Flexible multiple spot-beam combinations made possible by the large digital processor which provides.
- Switching and beam forming network with reconfigurable coverage
- Power flexibility between beams; a key technology for advanced Global Mobile Personal Communications (GMPCS); Broadcast and Military Mission.
- Multibeam active Antennas and onboard processing and switching make an ideal combination to provide the required full crossbeam connectivity and flexible traffic routing to drive 5G broadband LEO Satellites.
SUMMARY:
SATELLITE SWITCHING
Modern satellite systems frequently require multibeam operation to meet the link budget requirements. in these systems there is of course no guarantee that traffic originating in one uplink beam will be destined for the same downlink beam. The satellite transponder must provide interconnections between beams.
These connections must be selectable to allow for varying traffic patterns. In a TDMA system the time of arrival of an uplink signal at the satellite transponder determines its eventual destination; if the routing is defined on the satellite (i.e. satellite switched TDMA) the transponder must also perform a time-dependant beam switching.
ON-BOARD PROCESSING
The most advanced transponder types currently being designed may require additional forms of processing, for example, the so-called ‘switch-board in the sky’ systems move the central switching node of a communication system from the ground into space. In such a transponder, signals are demodulated prior to switching in complex time and space matrices.
When on-board processing is employed, it is possible to separately optimized up-and downlinks, by demodulating and then re-modulating in the transponder. Military transponders may require special forms of on-board processing to reject deliberate jamming by hostile forces.
Andrew Aroh is President SSPI Nigeria
Telecom
ATU, AFRINIC Urge Governments, Regulators to Develop Internet Resilience Framework

As Africa continues to face internet disruptions, telecom leaders have urged governments and regulators to embrace and implement a Model Framework for Building Regional Internet Resilience.
The African Telecommunications Union (ATU), Internet Society, and African Network Information Centre (AFRINIC) have all endorsed the framework.
The framework organises Africa’s internet resilience challenge around three interdependent focus areas: networks and internet service providers (ISPs), critical infrastructure such as power grids and cables, and market conditions that influence affordability and demand, according to the organisations in a joint statement.
Once implemented, entities or operators responsible for an important part of a country’s internet ecosystem, such as electricity utilities, mobile network operators, ISPs, internet exchange points, or a country-code top-level domain registry, must develop a resilience plan within one year of the framework’s official adoption.
The statement also mentions several past disruptions that hampered communication, such as the West Africa Cable System failure in March 2024, which cut off 13 countries for days.
They went on to explain that the plan must be evaluated and updated on an annual basis and be compatible with the entity or operator’s continuity and reconstitution plans.
It (framework) should also specify how the organisation intends to incorporate the resilience features of redundancy, resourcefulness, rapid recovery—all of which are critical components of achieving overall robustness—into its operations.
ATU has warned that every blackout is a flashing red warning, and that the framework would act as an insurance policy against outages.
“Connectivity remains Africa’s nervous system and when it stutters, schools, hospitals and markets stutter too. This framework is our insurance policy against digital darkness”, said John Omo, secretary general of ATU.
Arthur Carindal, AFRINIC’s head of stakeholder engagement, commended the institutions for their coordinated efforts.
He said: “It is a great honour for AFRINIC to collaborate with ATU and ISOC in transformative initiative enabling all stakeholders to participate in developing Africa’s internet resilience model framework, which highlights key policy recommendations and best practices for strengthening internet infrastructure in Africa.”
Telecom
NCC Rallies Stakeholder Support to Protect Telecom Infrastructure

Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC) has reiterated its commitment to the full operationalisation of President Bola Ahmed Tinubu’s Executive Order on Critical National Information Infrastructure (CNII), which designates telecommunications facilities as critical national assets deserving optimal protection.
This comes on the heels of a successful mediation led by the Office of the National Security Adviser (ONSA), in collaboration with the Commission, which resulted in the suspension of a planned strike by the Natural Oil and Gas Suppliers Association of Nigeria (NOGASA).
The strike, if carried out, would have disrupted the supply of diesel to telecommunications sites nationwide, severely affecting network operators’ ability to power their diesel-driven generators and maintain uninterrupted connectivity.
In the days leading up to the resolution, the ONSA, under the leadership of the National Security Adviser (NSA), Mallam Nuhu Ribadu, held strategic engagements with NOGASA’s leadership, with the Commission providing technical and regulatory guidance to highlight the potential implications of service disruptions on national security, the economy, and everyday life.
The discussions culminated in an agreement to call off the industrial action, averting what could have been a nationwide disruption of telecom services.
“Telecommunications infrastructure is the backbone of our connectivity and digital economy. Any disruption, whether through vandalism, accidental damage during construction work, theft of equipment, denial of access to maintenance teams, or interruptions in the supply of essential operational materials, has far-reaching implications for service delivery, economic stability, and national security,” the NSA said.
The Commission expressed appreciation to the ONSA for its leadership and dedication to protecting national assets and commended the maturity and understanding demonstrated by relevant stakeholders in recognising the national importance of telecommunications services.
Commenting on the development, the Executive Vice Chairman/Chief Executive Officer of the Commission, Dr. Aminu Maida, stated: “We will continue to enforce strict compliance by our licensees with technical standards for the deployment and maintenance of telecommunications infrastructure, while working closely with relevant stakeholders to strengthen awareness and cooperation on their protection.
“We also recognise mediation as an effective tool for building consensus among stakeholders. This resolution underscores the importance of dialogue in preventing avoidable service disruptions. Ultimately, we call on all Nigerians to regard telecom infrastructure as a shared national asset, one that underpins our ability to connect with loved ones, transact businesses, access healthcare, pursue education, and participate in the global digital economy.”
The Commission reaffirmed that it would continue to coordinate with security agencies, industry stakeholders, and the public to ensure that Nigeria’s telecommunications infrastructure remains protected, resilient, and reliable for all.
Telecom
Nigeria’s Internet Subscriptions Dip Slightly in June, But Data Demand Hits New High

Active internet subscriptions across mobile, fixed, and VOIP networks in Nigeria dropped to 141.1 million in June, representing a 0.3% decline from the 141.5 million recorded in May, according to the latest statistics from the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC).
Mobile network operators MTN, Airtel, Globacom, and 9mobile maintained their dominance with a combined 140.6 million subscriptions, leaving Internet Service Providers and others with 528,633 subscriptions at the end of June.
Despite the slight drop in subscriptions, data consumption continued to grow. Nigerians used 1.044 million terabytes of data in June, marginally higher than the 1.043 million terabytes recorded in May, which had been the highest monthly usage since January 2023.
Telecom operators say this surge in data usage is driven by the rapid growth of Nigerian cities, especially Lagos, where more people, businesses, and devices are fueling record bandwidth consumption. In response, operators are expanding capacity to meet the rising demand.
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