E-Financial
CBN Battles to Limit Cash-Crunch Fallout

By Shehu Salmanu
As Nigeria’s Central Bank tries to rebuild trust following a disastrous introduction of new naira bills, customers’ faith in the financial system is being tested, as many still battle to obtain cash.

Nigeria’s Central Bank (CBN) has doubled supply of banknotes to commercial banks for circulation among customers.
The country’s apex money authority has also directed all commercial banks to load their ATMs and conduct physical operations over weekends to ease the monthslong cash crunch that plunged Africa’s largest economy into financial disarray.
It also ordered the old naira bills to be circulated until the end of this year.
Nigeria has battled a cash crunch since October 2022, when the CBN gave a February 2023 deadline to
The new change old 200, 500, and 1,000 naira bills for newly redesigned ones.
Customers still can’t get cash
The new notes were introduced to mop up excess cash outside the banking system, counter corruption and discourage ransom payments to bandits and kidnappers.
Stories of long lines and frustrated customers sleeping outside banks to get cash have been widely documented in Nigeria.
Yet, despite the CBN’s efforts, it appears that some Nigerians are shunning the banking sector, saying the poorly-implemented naira redesign policy has exposed the system’s inefficiency.
Last week, the country’s National Labour Congress (NLC) union threatened strikes over the cash scarcity.
The strike was postponed for two weeks, with NLC president Joe Ajaero saying the organization would monitor how Nigerians were accessing cash.
But many customers, like Samson Adebo, say the situation has not eased.
“There are a lot of crowds because people have been struggling to get cash,” he told DW near a bank in northern Nigeria.
“In fact, I came here several times, and I couldn’t get what I wanted. I think that if you went to any bank in Nigeria, there would be crowd despite the fact they said there is cash.”
Counting the cost
Financial analysts believe the crisis has cost Africa’s largest economy about 20 trillion naira (around Ꞓ40 billion).
It also inadvertently increased the banking sector’s risk of collapse as customers are now shunning cash deposits. The CBN has urged customers to be patient.
While commercial banks have been directed to load their ATMs with new bills, not all are complying, according to some customers DW spoke to.
“Even though there is court ruling on the usage of old naira notes, people should not expect normal business as it was before because the policy didn’t support so much cash in circulation,” Kaduna-based economic analyst Fatimah Salihu Abubakar told DW.
“Government has now realized that 75% of the businesses in Nigeria are dominated by small and medium scale businesses and they heavily rely on cash transactions,” Abubakar added.
“Its advice has been that these enterprises should start accepting the other available channels of payment such as mobile banking, the internet banking, and use of the USSD.”
Central Bank fights to retain faith
According to Fatimah Salihu Abubakar, the Nigeria’s Central Bank should take responsibility for its poorly implemented currency shift, which has hit the informal sector particularly hard.
“At first when the CBN gave out the deadline for old naira notes, people believed it was impossible and didn’t take serious action. Most of people in rural areas found it difficult to transact, and gave rise to a lot of complaints that made the Supreme Court intervene with the extension. People are a bit more relaxed but to the policy is not healthy,” she told DW,
The policy shift was initially intended to promote cashless transactions in Nigeria, where businesses operating in the informal sector, which relies heavily on cash, hardly use the banking system. The CBN also said the new policy would help remove excess cash outside the banking system, counter corruption and discourage ransom payments to bandits.
This article has been adapted from a radio report which was originally broadcast on DW’s daily radio show, AfricaLink.
E-Financial
Access Holdings Shareholders Approved to Raise N40bn Capital Through Private Placement

Access Holdings Plc has received the approval of its shareholders to raise additional capital of up to N40 billion or such other amount or their equivalent in foreign currencies, via private placement.

The shareholders gave the approval as part of the special resolutions at Access Holdings Plc Extraordinary General Meeting (EGM) held on Thursday December 18.
In a notice to the Nigerian Exchange Limited (NGX), Access Holdings said the new ordinary shares created in connection with the private placement, will be allotted at a price of N20.25 to one or more investors in such tranches and on such terms and conditions as shall be determined by the Board.
Access Holdings Plc Board of Directors is authorised to consider, negotiate, approve, and finalise the list of potential private placement investors; determine the structure, valuation, modalities, and timeline for the private placement.
The Board was also authorised to consider, negotiate, approve and finalise the list of potential private placement investors; determine the structure, valuation, modalities and timeline for the private placement.
The shareholders also approved for the issued share capital of Access Holdings Plc to be increased from N26 658 billion to N27.646 billion by the creation and addition of 1,975,308,641 ordinary shares of 50 kobo each ranking pari-passu with the existing ordinary shares of the Company.
E-Financial
Customs Slam 3 Percent Surcharge on Banks over Delayed Revenue Remittance

Nigeria Customs Service (NCS) has imposed a three per cent surcharge on Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) over delays in the remittance of Customs revenue by designated banks.

The development was disclosed by Abdullahi Maiwada, national public relations officer of the Service, in a statement titled “Nigeria Customs Service Commences Enforcement of Penalties Against Designated Banks for Delayed Remittance of Customs Revenue.”
The agency stated that delays in remitting collected Customs revenue constitute a breach of remittance obligations and negatively impact the efficiency, transparency and integrity of government revenue administration.
Maiwada explained that any Designated Bank that fails to remit collected Customs revenue within the prescribed period will be liable to penalty interest, adding that affected banks will receive formal notifications detailing the delayed amount, applicable penalty and the timeline for settlement.
“The NCS has noted instances of delayed remittance of Customs revenue by some Designated Banks following reconciliation of collections processed through the B’Odogwu platform. Such delays constitute a breach of remittance obligations and negatively impact the efficiency, transparency and integrity of government revenue administration.
“In line with the provisions of the Service Level Agreement (SLA) executed between the Nigeria Customs Service and Designated Banks, the Service hereby notifies stakeholders of the commencement of enforcement actions against banks found to be in default of agreed remittance timelines.
“Accordingly, any Designated Bank that fails to remit collected Customs revenue within the prescribed period shall be liable to penalty interest calculated at three per cent above the prevailing Nigerian Interbank Offered Rate for the duration of the delay. Affected banks will receive formal notifications indicating the delayed amount, applicable penalty and the timeline for settlement.”
Maiwada further advised Designated Banks to strengthen their internal controls, ensure strict adherence to remittance timelines and comply fully with the provisions of the SLA.
He reiterated that the Service remains committed to enforcing accountability, safeguarding government revenue and promoting a transparent and predictable financial system in support of national economic development.
“The Service further notes that persistent or repeated non-compliance with the terms of the SLA may attract additional sanctions, including regulatory and administrative measures, as provided under the Agreement and relevant laws guiding Customs revenue collection.
“The NCS reiterates that prompt, accurate and complete remittance of Customs revenue is a fundamental obligation of Designated Banks. Any payment of collected revenue into unauthorised accounts, whether deliberate or erroneous, will be treated as a serious violation and addressed in accordance with the SLA and applicable legal frameworks.
“Designated Banks are therefore advised to strengthen internal controls, ensure strict adherence to remittance timelines and comply fully with the provisions of the SLA. The Service remains committed to enforcing accountability, safeguarding government revenue and promoting a transparent and predictable financial system in support of national economic development,” he added.
E-Financial
World Bank to Approve $500m Loan for Nigeria Today

The World Bank is set to approve a $500m loan to Nigeria on Friday (today) as part of efforts to expand access to finance for micro, small and medium enterprises across the country, according to Punch.

The proposed facility, titled the Fostering Inclusive Finance for MSMEs in Nigeria (FINCLUDE) Project, aims to mobilise private capital and promote innovative financial products for small businesses, according to information obtained from the World Bank.
Negotiations on the loan are ongoing, and approval by the World Bank Group’s board is expected on Friday.
The approval, expected on December 19, 2025, will see the World Bank commit $500m to the project out of an estimated total cost of $2.39bn.
Of the World Bank financing, $400m will be provided by the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, while $100m will come from the International Development Association.
The Federal Government will be the borrower under the arrangement, with the Development Bank of Nigeria serving as the implementing agency with overall responsibility for managing the funds.
The remaining $1.89bn required for the project is expected to be provided by commercial lenders as unguaranteed financing.
According to the World Bank, the FINCLUDE project will leverage the platforms of the Development Bank of Nigeria and its subsidiary, Impact Credit Guarantee Limited, to deepen credit access for MSMEs.
“The proposed FINCLUDE Project leverages the platforms of the Development Bank of Nigeria and its subsidiary, the Impact Credit Guarantee Limited, to drive inclusive MSME finance,” a document from the World Bank read.
“Through these catalytic institutions, the project will deploy a package of complementary, inclusive, and innovative instruments tailored to the diverse needs of MSMEs in Nigeria.”
The World Bank described DBN as “a partner well known to the World Bank with high implementation capacity and a proven track record in designing and executing complex, innovative projects,” noting that its role would be central to the success of the intervention.
The project is structured around three main components. These include the provision of inclusive and innovative MSME finance products, the de-risking and mobilisation of private capital through partial credit guarantees, and technical assistance aimed at modernising and digitising Nigeria’s MSME finance ecosystem.
Under the first component, the World Bank said the project would provide Tier 2 subordinated capital to eligible financial institutions and support the establishment of an MSME investment fund to deliver equity and long-term debt financing to small businesses.
The bank said this approach would help “crowd-in private capital, test market innovations and promote financial sustainability” within the MSME segment.
Also, the project will offer targeted technical assistance to strengthen the capacity of financial institutions, improve regulatory oversight and modernise the MSME finance value chain linking DBN, lenders and entrepreneurs.
In its appraisal report, the World Bank highlighted Nigeria’s ongoing economic reforms, describing the country as being “in a critical transition.”
It noted that the removal of fuel and foreign exchange subsidies, alongside the unification of exchange rates, had begun to stabilise the economy and restore investor confidence.
“These reforms have improved fiscal space, enhanced FX liquidity, and eased inflation to 18 per cent as of September 2025,” the report stated, adding that growth prospects were strengthening, with the International Monetary Fund projecting 3.9 per cent real GDP growth in 2025.
Despite these improvements, the World Bank warned that access to finance remained uneven, particularly for MSMEs, women and the agriculture sector.
It noted that agriculture accounted for just over five per cent of total bank credit in 2024, while high interest rates and shallow credit penetration continued to constrain lending to smaller enterprises.
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