E-Financial
How Unethical Deals Triggered CBN Takeover of Union Bank -Forensic Report

A forensic audit report has detailed the multi-trillion naira financial mismanagement that led to the January 2024 sack of former directors and owners of Union Bank of Nigeria (UBN) and the appointment of a new board and management by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN).

This included a $300 million shadow loan scandal and illegal withdrawals from depositor funds which had threatened the solvency of the bank.
Extracts from the forensic report indicated that the former owners and directors were engaging in financial reporting manipulation, fraudulent misappropriation of foreign loans, unethical financial engineering and inappropriate withdrawal of depositors’ funds.
The report indicated that Titan Trust Bank, the investment vehicle of the former owners and directors, which was merged with Union Bank, had unhedged loan of $300 million obtained from Africa Export Import Bank (Afreximbank).
This undisclosed material item was surreptitiously passed onto the books of Union Bank, and led to unethical financial engineering to cover up the adverse effects on the operations of the bank.
It was discovered that the former directors and owners had added the same $300 million Afreximbank loan to make up over $490 million used in acquiring shares of Union Bank and at the same time placed the burden of repayment of the foreign currency loan on Union Bank, in what amounted to using the bank’s fund to acquire its own shares.
The report indicated that the former owners and directors neither hedged against revaluation loss for the foreign currency loan nor covered interest and fees, while at the same time retaining the full ownership benefits.
This unorthodox financial engineering resulted in revaluation loss of some N396 billion and interest and fees payable of more than N147 billion by third quarter 2025.
Forensic investigators also discovered that the former owners and directors engaged in wilful diversion of foreign loans borrowed from offshore banks, illegally rerouting funds borrowed for on-lending to customers into multi-million dollar swap transactions.
Interestingly, the swap transactions were done with the CBN without informing the regulator of the primary purpose of the offshore funds while simultaneously providing false reports to the offshore lenders. Besides, the forensic report uncovered multi-million dollar diversion of Union Bank’s depositors and lenders’ funds.
In one instance, some $58 million was withdrawn to cover maturing obligations under the undisclosed and unhedged $300 Afreximbank loan. Total inappropriate withdrawals amounted to over $100 million, which created foreign currency liquidity crisis for the bank.
A forensic analyst, who craved anonymity because of the sensitivity of the report, stated that the apex bank’s intervention saved the bank from imminent shutdown and possible negative spillovers in the financial services industry.
According to the analyst, the CBN’s intervention provided the first generation bank with a “soft window” to manage its operations while the new directors redirect the affairs of the bank. The resultant corrective measures have seen Union Bank bouncing back, regaining more market share and redeeming maturing obligations.
By third quarter 2025, the bank was already on its path to recovery following actions by the new management, with many analysts expecting it to be able to meet the N200 billion new capital requirement to retain its standalone national banking licence.
In a formal statement on the judgment delivered on March 25, 2026, by the Federal High Court in Lagos concerning its regulatory action on Union Bank, the CBN stated that while it was obtaining and carefully reviewing the Certified True Copy (CTC) of the judgment, and that the status of Union Bank has not changed, implying that the lender remains under the CBNintervention-management.
“As the apex regulatory authority, the CBN remains committed to acting in accordance with its mandate and established legal processes, the banking watchdog noted. “The CBN assures the public that UBN’s status is unchanged and that it remains fully capable of meeting its obligations to customers, depositors, and all stakeholders.
“The CBN will continue to provide the necessary regulatory oversight to ensure Union Bank operates in a safe, sound, and stable manner, while maintaining public confidence in the financial system,” CBN stated.
In what appeared a reference to Union Bank and other CBN-intervention banks, the apex bank in a formal statement confirming the successful recapitalisation of 33 banks, stated that “a limited number of institutions remain subject to ongoing regulatory and judicial processes, which are being addressed through established supervisory and legal frameworks”.
The apex bank, however, assured that “all banks remain fully operational, ensuring continued access to banking services for customers”, allaying any fears over the operations of the intervention banks, which still face legal issues.
E-Financial
PalmPay Hits 35m Users’ Milestone

PalmPay said that it has surpassed 35 million users, a figure that reflects a broader transition in the sector from rapid customer acquisition to sustained, everyday financial usage.

Chika Nwosu, Managing Director-CEO, PalmPay Nigeria
The consumer payments platform entered Nigeria’s fintech market in 2019 and is today a major player, offering a suite of financial services including transfers, bill payments, and digital insurance to promote financial inclusion.
In a market historically shaped by traditional banks, emerging fintechs, and a strong cash culture, scale alone is no longer the defining benchmark of success.
Instead, attention is shifting to how effectively platforms integrate into the daily financial routines of individuals and businesses.
Central to PalmPay’s growth is its alignment with Nigeria’s payment infrastructure.
The platform has executed live transactions on the National Payment Stack operated by the Nigeria Inter-Bank Settlement System (NIBSS), placing it within an interoperable framework that connects banks, fintechs, and other financial service providers.
Within this ecosystem, industry observers note that competition is increasingly determined by system performance—uptime, transaction success rates, and reliability—rather than product differentiation alone.
However, integration at the infrastructure level does not automatically translate to inclusion. According to data from Enhancing Financial Innovation and Access (EFInA), a significant proportion of Nigerians—particularly in rural and underserved communities—remain outside the formal financial system.
To address this gap, PalmPay has expanded its agent network, mirroring a wider industry approach that combines digital platforms with physical access points.
Through these agents, users can carry out deposits, withdrawals, transfers, and onboarding, effectively bridging the divide between cash-based transactions and digital finance.
This hybrid model has become a cornerstone of financial service delivery in Nigeria, underscoring the importance of distribution alongside technology.
Beyond core payment services, PalmPay has also extended into financial literacy and capacity-building initiatives, targeting underserved groups such as women-led businesses and first-time digital users. The move signals a growing recognition that access alone is insufficient without the knowledge and confidence to participate fully in the financial system.
Overall, PalmPay’s reported scale offers insight into a maturing fintech landscape, where growth is increasingly defined not just by user numbers, but by the extent to which platforms become embedded in the everyday financial lives of Nigerians.
E-Financial
Police Arraign First Bank Manager over Alleged Forex Fraud

Police prosecutors from the Lagos State Criminal Investigation Department (SCID) have arraigned Nnedimma Arah, a senior manager at First Bank Limited, before the Federal High Court, Lagos, over allegations of forgery.

Before Nnedimma’s arraignment, the detectives had filed a three-count charge against her and one Temitope Ogheneteme, based on advice from the office of the Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP).
But during the proceedings, Emmanuel Eze, Police prosecutor, urged the court to remove Temitope Ogheneteme’s name from the charge, citing the DPP’s legal advice.
Justice Daniel Osiagor, trial judge, granted this request, and Ogheneteme was discharged.
This amendment left Arah, who is the branch manager of Dosumu, Lagos Island, and an Associate Chartered Accountant (ACA), as the sole defendant in Charge No. FHC/L/582C/2025.
Arah was accused of forging a letter of undertaking, supposedly issued by Freshborn Industries Limited on August 12, 2022, to cover foreign exchange differences.
Eze claimed that the alleged forgery occurred from January 2023 to January 2024 at the Dosunmu Branch.
He claimed that the document was forged with the intent to deceive, harming Freshborn Industries Nigeria Limited and its representatives, Anene Ikenna and Anene Chinyere Angela.
The prosecutor further maintained that the offence is punishable under Section 1(2)(c) of the Miscellaneous Offences Act.
The defendant pleaded not guilty to the charge.
Her defence requested bail, noting she had previously been on administrative bail and had attended court proceedings diligently.
Justice Osiagor granted her bail in the sum of N5 million with one surety in like sum.
The case’s progress was delayed earlier because the Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP) was reviewing the case file after a petition from First Bank.
In a letter dated January 26, 2026, the DPP asked the police to review the case under the Administration of Criminal Justice Act.
The bank’s petition to the Attorney-General stated that the dispute involved a $400,000 credit facility to Freshborn Industries Limited, which is also pending in a civil suit before the Lagos State High Court.
The bank argued that the criminal charges stem from a commercial dispute and warned that this could constitute an abuse of the legal process.
The judge has fixed the trial for July 14 and 15, 2026.
E-Financial
Ezekiel Sanni, SVP Moniepoint Extols the MFB’s Track Record as Unique Service Model Redefining Nigeria’s Agency Banking

Moniepoint Microfinance Bank (Moniepoint MFB) has reaffirmed its leadership in Nigeria’s agency banking space, positioning its track record and distinctive service model as a game-changer for the sector, while committing to deepen value creation across the entire ecosystem.

Beyond service provision, the Bank is cementing its identity as the homegrown, technological backbone of the real economy, built by Nigerians to solve the specific complexities of the local commercial landscape.
Speaking on the Bank’s evolving strategy, Ezekiel Sanni, Senior Vice President (SVP), Distribution Network Sales, Moniepoint MFB, said the Bank’s approach is built on a clear understanding that agency banking must be anchored on consistent enterprise support, trust building, and real economic value for agents, merchants and their customers.
“Agency banking has grown significantly in reach, but the next phase of growth will be defined by quality of service and depth of engagement,” Ezekiel Sanni, SVP, Distribution Network Sales, said. “At Moniepoint MFB , we have built a model that prioritises not just access, but meaningful, routine local support for the merchants and communities we serve while our engineering is a commitment to the stability that these businesses need to thrive.”
At the core of this approach is the deployment of dedicated field-based managers who work closely with agents, providing hands-on, on-the-ground support tailored to their daily operations. Unlike conventional systems, where engagement often ends after onboarding, Moniepoint MFB maintains continuous interaction with agents, driving product usage, resolving operational challenges, and strengthening long-term partnerships.
By combining digital infrastructure with a strong physical presence, the Bank has created a hybrid service model that delivers both scale and human connection. This proximity enables faster issue resolution and supports always-on mentorship, where merchants receive ongoing business guidance, real-time operational support, and on-the-job training, particularly in critical areas such as fraud detection and anti-money laundering (AML) regulatory compliance.
“When you are close to the agent, you are in a position to go beyond providing a service to building capability,” Mr. Sanni added. “Our teams work alongside agents to strengthen their operations, improve compliance awareness, and ultimately protect both their businesses and the broader financial system.”
According to the Bank, the impact of this approach extends beyond agents and merchants to last-mile customers, who benefit from more reliable service, safer transactions, and greater confidence in the financial system they interact with daily.
Moniepoint MFB’s model has been further strengthened by its track record over the past few years as the bona fide operating system for small businesses. The Bank has integrated value-added services, such as inventory management, savings product, and access to working capital loans, into its platform, embedding itself in merchants’ day-to-day operations and significantly increasing the value delivered.
“Our aspiration has been to become indispensable to the businesses we serve,” Ezekiel noted. “When your banking partner is also supporting your inventory, helping you navigate other obligations, and providing access to capital, the relationship becomes stronger and more impactful.”
The Bank’s strong performance metrics reinforce this positioning as Nigeria’s largest merchant acquirer, powering 8 out of every 10 in-person payments made across the country, driven by reliability, fast transaction processing, rapid settlement cycles, and a range of other benefits. This consistency has also helped build a reputation for reliability, which the Bank describes as a key competitive moat in a market where agents often consolidate around a single provider.
“In many cases, agents are effectively choosing a long-term partner they trust to be stable, responsive, and dependable. That is the trust we have deliberately built, that continues to differentiate us even as we work hard to contribute meaningfully to the broader growth and development of the financial ecosystem,” Mr. Sanni added.
The Bank reiterated that it sees agency banking not just as a channel but as critical infrastructure for economic participation and an enduring financial inclusion. Moniepoint’s commitment is to keep strengthening that infrastructure, supporting merchants, empowering customers, and continuing to serve as the reliable, indigenous engine that keeps Nigeria’s real economy moving.
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