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CBN Blames Sanusi, Soludo for Forex Crisis

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Godwin Emefiele, Governor, Central Bank of Nigeria
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Mr. Godwin Emefiele, governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), has blamed Lamido Sanusi and Professor Chukwuma Soludo- his predecessors for the current foreign exchange crisis in the country.

Emefiele said the current forex crisis would have been averted if Soludo and Sanusi had not adopted measures that resulted in the depletion of the country’s foreign reserves, according to a report in National Mirror.

Soludo was CBN governor between 2004 and 2009 when Sanusi succeeded him.

According to Emefiele, when both men were at the helm of affairs at the apex bank, the price of  oil was consistently well above $110 per barrel and the country had healthy reserves that would have allowed it to invest in critical infrastructure that would boost productivity and diversify the economy.

He said: “In September 2008, Nigeria’s FX reserve stood at $62 billion, what did we do with $62 billion? At a time when crude oil price was at about N120 per barrel, what did the country do? What we could have done is save the money. If we couldn’t save the money, invest it in infrastructure, invest in industry; invest them in infrastructure and industry that would grow productivity and the wealth of our people.

But what did we do? “I’ll give you an example. The Central Bank of Nigeria of that time went about licensing class ‘A’, class ‘B’, class ‘C’ bureaux de- change. “For class ‘A’ bureaux de- change, Central Bank was allocating $1 million per week; for class ‘B’ bureaux de- change, Central Bank was allocating $750,000 bureaux de- change to the extent that between 2005 when the bank started selling dollar cash and 2016 January when we stopped it, the CBN had sold dollar cash of up to $66 billion to BDCs.

“In 11 years, CBN allocated $66 billion, averaging $6 billion per year. If this didn’t happen, we would comfortably be having well over $90 billion in our reserve account today and we will not be struggling to pay our bills today. If we had thought of other ways to utilise our reserves in 2008 when it was as high as $62 billion, perhaps certainly we would not be where we are.”

He revealed that when he was CEO of Zenith Bank, he was queried by a Deputy Governor of the CBN for not selling dollars to BDCs. “I was called to be queried that some people in Kano, some people in Port Harcourt and in Lagos were calling to say Zenith Bank was not selling dollar cash to bureaux-de change, but of course the bank didn’t see any serious need to disburse dollar cash to bureaux-de-change at that time.

That was what we did with part of our $62 billion,” he stated. Besides, he said in the wake of the global financial crisis, all forms of capital control were removed to encourage the flow of capital into Nigeria with the result that between 2009 and 2014, the country recorded $23 billion in capital flows.

However, according to him, although CBN’s policies at the time encouraged Nigerians to buy shares/securities abroad, there was no record that the dividends and proceeds of sale of the shares were repatriated through the apex bank.

He said: “Between 2009 or 2010 and 2014, when we had the crisis, America pumped a lot of money to stimulate the economy, and as a result of pumping that money, some of those funds flowed into emerging markets, including Nigeria.

At that time again, Nigeria removed all forms of capital control to encourage the flow of capital into Nigeria. So what happened during that time? In five straight years, we saw crude price at above $105 per barrel for five straight years.

“That period, we also saw unhindered flow of capital into emerging market into Nigeria; to the extent that by 2013, we had $23 billion in capital flows into Nigeria. What did we also do? The CBN started encouraging Nigerians to buy shares/ securities abroad.

Although the dividends and proceeds of sale of the shares were to be repatriated through the CBN, we do not have any records to show that the dividends and proceeds of share sale were repatriated. People just had all the discretion to transfer funds as they wished; just because we thought we had a lot and didn’t think about a day like today when crude prices will be so low.

We should have, at that time, built our reserves. What did we do with our reserves at that time? I repeat those were some of the actions we took as Central Bank that resulted in the situation that we are today.” The CBN Governor, who stoutly defended the regulator’s forex policy, especially the forex ban on 41 items, said that the country could not afford to be importing items it has the capacity to manufacture, stressing that the forex ban had already led to the creation of jobs in some sectors.

Commenting on the strategies that can get the country out of the economic recession, Emefiele again, suggested that the government sell assets in the oil industry just as Africa’s richest man, Aliko Dangote, suggested. ‘

He said: “In April 2015, I granted an interview to Financial Times of London where I suggested that in order to raise money to fund its capital expenditure, government needed to sell between 10 per cent and 15 per cent of its oil and gas assets.

At that time, oil price was about $50/N55 per barrel, and our consultants did the numbers and told us that we could raise between $25 to $35 billion.

I would imagine that that option is still on the table because more people even in the cabinet have made the same suggestion and if it happens, that will be fine, including the option to buy back the assets at some premium if we contemplate buying back when the crude prices move up and the assets value also move up.

You know that in government, there are those against and those in favour. The argument in favour of selling the assets has gained a lot of credence recently.” The country’s foreign reserves stood at $24.87 billion as at September 15.


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E-Financial

IGP Designates Banks National Security Asset, Orders Crackdown on Cyber Frauds

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Kayode Egbetokun, inspector-general of Police (IGP), has declared Nigeria’s banking industry a strategic national asset, ordering an immediate intelligence-led crackdown on cybercriminal networks, insider facilitators, and transnational financial crime syndicates threatening the stability of the financial system.

IGP Designates Banks National Security Asset, Orders Crackdown on Cyber Frauds

Kayode Egbetokun, inspector-general of Police (IGP),

Speaking at a strategic meeting with the Chartered Institute of Bankers of Nigeria (CIBN) and the Body of Bank Chief Executive Officers in Lagos, where he said the Nigeria Police Force was shifting from reactive policing to proactive dismantling of organised criminal structures targeting banks.

According to him, the financial sector remains central to national stability.

He said: “The Nigerian banking industry is not merely a driver of economic activity; it is a core component of our national stability architecture. The integrity, continuity, and resilience of the financial system are directly linked to public confidence, investor perception, and the credibility of Nigeria’s economic governance.”

In a major policy shift, Egbetokun announced that regular police officers would no longer be deployed for routine cash-in-transit escorts or non-essential VIP protective duties within the private sector.

He explained that the decision aligned with national policy direction and manpower optimisation within the Force, adding that the traditional model of conventional police deployment for banking sector protection was being reviewed and progressively restructured.

“This policy adjustment is not designed to diminish the security framework supporting the banking industry. Rather, it reflects a deliberate transition towards a more sustainable, professional, and institutionally governed model of security support,” he said.

Egbetokun warned that conventional risks such as armed robbery and cash-in-transit vulnerabilities, though still present, have been overtaken by more complex and technologically sophisticated threats.

“These threats are adaptive, technologically sophisticated, and often coordinated across borders. They include cyber-enabled fraud, identity compromise, insider facilitation, organised financial crime, and illicit financial flows,” he told the bankers.

The IGP stressed that disruptions to banking operations now carry international reputational consequences, citing global compliance standards set by the Financial Action Task Force FATF and Anti-Money Laundering/Combating the Financing of Terrorism (AML/CFT) obligations.

He said: “In an era shaped by FATF standards, AML/CFT obligations, and heightened scrutiny of financial flows, the strength of a nation’s enforcement and security architecture is now directly relevant to investor confidence and market stability.”

The police noted that: “The speed and sophistication of cyber-enabled fraud illustrate the urgency of integration. Delayed reporting windows can render enforcement ineffective, while rapid escalation, evidence preservation, and coordinated response can significantly improve disruption, recovery, and prosecution outcomes.

“Modern financial crime operates at a pace that requires equally modern security coordination.”

Egbetokun disclosed that the Force had already intensified covert operations targeting kidnapping syndicates, illegal arms networks, and organised criminal enterprises whose activities threaten commercial stability.

He added that the Police were strengthening coordination with the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC),  the Nigeria Financial Intelligence Unit (NFIU), and the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) to ensure that criminal enterprises do not exploit gaps between enforcement, compliance, and oversight.

The IGP told the bankers that sustainable security cannot be achieved through episodic contact or fragmented interventions, calling for structured cooperation between law enforcement and financial institutions.

“Security is not merely the absence of crime; it is the presence of stability that enables productivity, investment, and growth. A secure banking environment supports savings mobilisation, credit expansion, financial inclusion, and the confidence of both domestic and international investors.

“When citizens trust financial institutions, participation in the formal economy increases. When investors perceive a stable internal security environment supported by credible enforcement, Nigeria becomes more bankable, more investable, and more competitive.

“The outcome of this meeting should not be limited to dialogue. It should produce structured liaison mechanisms between law enforcement and the banking sector, clear operational protocols for high-risk areas, joint capacity building, and lawful information-sharing.

“The Nigeria Police Force stands ready to work with the banking sector not merely as an enforcement institution, but as a strategic partner in safeguarding the integrity, stability, and international credibility of Nigeria’s financial architecture,” he said.

Earlier in his remarks, Oliver Alawuba, chairman of the Body of Bank Chief Executive Officers,  who acknowledged the Police boss for measures put in place to tackle insecurity in the country, highlighted the banking industry’s past support.

He said: “The Bankers’ Committee was responsible for the renovation of over 42 police stations that were destroyed during the EndSARS protests. We stepped in when police infrastructure was in ruins. Today, we expect that same urgency when our own infrastructure is under digital siege.”

Professor Pius Olarenwaju, president,  CIBN, on his part, painted a grim picture of an industry under silent assault, warning that the velocity of cyberattacks now outstrips the response capacity of traditional law enforcement.

“The banking sector plays a pivotal role in Nigeria’s economic development, and our critical functions can only flourish in a secure and stable environment. But we are fighting a war where the enemy no longer carries guns , they carry laptops and exploit system vulnerabilities in milliseconds,” he told the IGP.

Olarenwaju further stressed that the rapid digital transformation of financial services has created a security paradox.

“As we deepen financial inclusion and expand digital channels, we also expand the attack surface for cybercriminals. The same technology that empowers the unbanked also empowers fraudsters operating from jurisdictions where Nigerian law enforcement has no reach. This is the new reality, and we need the police to evolve with it,” he said.

Present at the occasion were Managing Directors and Chief Executive Officers of banks such as Union Bank, Signature Bank, Parallex Bank, Standard Chartered Bank, Keystone Bank, Coronation Merchant Bank, Guaranty Trust Bank, United Bank for Africa, among others.

 

 


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Rashidat Adebisi Unveils Strategic Roadmap for Nigeria’s Insurance Sector under NIIRA 2025

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Following a landmark 21-year career in institutional finance, Rashidat Adebisi, the former Executive Director at AXA Mansard, has officially launched “The Re-Architecture Project.”

This strategic pivot aims to align Nigeria’s insurance and financial infrastructure with the federal government’s ambitious $1 trillion economy goal, positioning the sector as a critical driver of macro-economic stability.

As Nigeria navigates the complexities of the Nigeria Insurance Industry Reform Act (NIIRA 2025), Adebisi identifies this moment as a “watershed” for the industry.

She argues that the path to a trillion-dollar economy requires more than just capital, it demands a total re-architecture of how financial systems interact with the informal economy, which currently accounts for over 60% of employment in Africa.

Macro-Economic Resilience as a National Imperative

The Re-Architecture Project reframes insurance from a transactional product into the “secret sauce” of a resilient economy.

Adebisi asserts that for Nigeria to achieve its macro-economic targets, the insurance industry must bridge the massive “protection gap,” as penetration currently remains below 3% across many African markets.

Insurance as an Economic Safety Net: “Insurance is the net that allows a nation to jump higher,” Adebisi stated.

She emphasizes that every decimal point in a financial model represents a business stabilized and a future secured, providing the essential foundation for macro-economic growth.

Infrastructure Beyond Capital: The project posits that Nigeria is not lacking capital but “invisible infrastructure”, specifically Trust, Access, and Regulatory Clarity.

NIIRA 2025: From Compliance to Competitive Advantage

Adebisi describes NIIRA 2025 as a vital structural reinforcement rather than regulatory friction. The Act’s focus on Capital Recalibration, Stronger Governance, and Consumer Protection is essential for building the institutional rigour required to support a $1 trillion GDP.

Recalibrating Foundations: The reform represents a necessary recalibration of the industry’s foundations while accelerating digital transformation.

Strategic Policy Fluency: “Those who view compliance as a burden will struggle; those who see it as a competitive advantage will thrive,” Adebisi noted, identifying policy fluency as a core leadership competency for the next decade.

Economic Visibility: Integrating the Informal Sector

A central pillar of the project is “Engineering Inclusive Ecosystems,” exemplified by the FileAm App. This initiative reimagines tax compliance as a digital utility for SMEs and informal entrepreneurs, moving them from economic invisibility into formal digital tax rails, insurance coverage, and credit ecosystems.

The Wealth Pipeline: By building digital identity and verifiable credentials, the project aims to turn compliance into credit history, and credit history into the capital access required for intergenerational wealth creation.

As a Financial Systems Architect, Adebisi’s blueprint for the next decade is governed by a singular core rule: Data-aware. Policy-conscious. Africa-focused.. The project calls on industry leaders and policymakers to move beyond incremental adoption toward designing interoperable ecosystems that can sustain the Africa of tomorrow.

“The future of finance in Africa will not be inherited. It will be architected,” Adebisi concluded. “It is our turn to build.”.

 

 


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NAICOM Targets Resilient, Global Competition Market in Insurance Sector Consolidation

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The National Insurance Commission (NAICOM) has unveiled a far-reaching reform agenda aimed at strengthening industry stability, improving consumer confidence, and positioning the sector to play more strategic role in national economic growth.

Speaking at the 2026 management retreat in Uyo, Olusegun Ayo Omosehin, commissioner for Insurance/CEO, NAICOM, described the initiative as a defining moment for the industry, stressing that the transformation drive is designed to modernise regulatory oversight, deepen market penetration, and build a more resilient and globally competitive insurance industry.

The renewed policy direction was unveiled at the Commission’s 2026 Management Retreat held in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, under the theme “Insurance Regulation: Reset, Reimagine, Refocus.”

Omosehin, described the retreat as a watershed moment in the Commission’s 29-year evolution, declaring that the regulator is embarking on a decisive transformation phase anchored on integrity, professionalism, accountability, and institutional unity.

He stressed that the reform agenda represents a deliberate shift away from outdated regulatory practices towards a modern, proactive, and impact-driven supervisory framework capable of strengthening market confidence and driving sustainable industry growth.

Omosehin explained that the retreat’s theme reflects a strategic call to action designed to reset legacy regulatory approaches, reimagine the untapped potential of Nigeria’s insurance market, and refocus regulatory strategies to deliver measurable economic value.

He further underscored the Commission’s strategic role in supporting the economic expansion blueprint of president Bola Ahmed Tinubu, noting that achieving Nigeria’s ambitious $1 trillion economic target requires a resilient, well-capitalized, and shock-resistant insurance sector capable of underwriting major risks, attracting investment inflows, and supporting long-term national development.

Central to the reform drive is NAICOM’s ongoing recapitalization programme, which the commissioner described as one of the most far-reaching regulatory interventions in the history of Nigeria’s insurance industry.

He clarified that the initiative goes far beyond capital injection, stressing that it is designed to strengthen insurers’ financial stability, enhance consumer protection, deepen insurance penetration across underserved segments, reinforce the industry’s capacity to withstand economic shocks, and rebuild public trust in insurance as a credible financial safety net.

He emphasized that the credibility of the exercise will be measured by its transparency, fairness, and professional execution, warning that the Commission will tolerate no ambiguity, compromise, or preferential treatment in the process.

Addressing management staff, Omosehin delivered a firm directive for internal discipline and cohesion, urging leaders within the Commission to uphold integrity as a guiding principle, professionalism as an operational compass, and transparency as a non-negotiable regulatory standard.

He stressed that NAICOM’s effectiveness depends on institutional collaboration, warning that departmental silos and bureaucratic rivalries undermine regulatory efficiency.

In a symbolic demonstration of commitment, management staff collectively pledged to uphold fairness, accountability, and global best practices in executing the recapitalization roadmap and safeguarding the future of the insurance sector.

The Commissioner also outlined key strategic priorities expected to reposition the industry, including strengthening regulatory oversight, ensuring disciplined execution of the recapitalization framework, deepening stakeholder engagement, expanding institutional capacity in risk-based supervision and data analytics, driving market development through digital innovation, strengthening organizational culture, and reinforcing policyholder protection mechanisms.

Omosehin also invoked an African proverb to emphasize the importance of unity and collective resolve, noting that sustainable transformation of the insurance sector can only be achieved through shared commitment among regulators, operators, and stakeholders.

He reaffirmed NAICOM’s determination to build an insurance industry that is resilient, globally competitive, trusted by policyholders, and fully aligned with Nigeria’s long-term economic transformation agenda.


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