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CBN Says There is Excessive Cash in the Economy

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Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has said the nation runs a cash-based economy and this informed the central bank’s Cash-Lite Policy which aims to reduce the amount of cash in circulation.

Kingsley Moghalu, deputy governor, Operations, CBN, who said this in Lagos during a seminar on cashless Nigeria, stated that the amount of cash in circulation as of 2011 was 41 per cent of the nation’s Gross Domestic Product. He said the nation’s GDP as of 2011 was less than $400bn.

This, he said, was in sharp contrast to Indonesia’s which has only 4.3 per cent of its $800bn GDP as the amount of cash in circulation.

Moghalu, who was represented by Mr. Aaron Yaduma, principal manager, Shared Services, CBN, spoke at a conference entitled ‘Cashless Nigeria; Progress, issues and prospects’ organised by Wilson & Wiezman Associates Limited.

He said the development formed one of the major reasons the CBN launched the Cash-Lite Policy in January 2012.

The CBN deputy governor said, “Nigeria is predominantly a cash-based society and this is not good for us. This is why the CBN decided to launch the Cash-Lite Policy; so that Nigeria can join other developed economies that adopted cashless society.

“Other reasons for introducing the policy are the need to meet Vision 2020, the need to modernise Nigeria’s payment system; reduce the cost of banking services, drive financial inclusion, improve effectiveness of monetary policy, reduce the high security and safety risks, reduce high subsidy, and foster transparency and curb corruption.”

He recalled that the CBN had in collaboration with the Bankers Committee in 2010 commissioned a study to identify possible ways to enhance service delivery in the financial sector by reducing the industry cost to serve and also institutionalise operational efficiency in banks.

The study, he noted, revealed among others, high cash usage in the economy and its attendant high cost implication in the financial value chain.

The study also discovered that cash handling, logistics and storage accounted for 30 per cent of banks’ operational costs, while the total cost of cash handling was also projected to surpass N190bn by the end of 2012 if nothing was done.

Moghalu, however, said the Cash-Lite Policy, which commenced in January 2012 had gained traction and had been adjudged as largely successful.

He said the support of the Federal Government, Lagos State and other states in the country had made the first and second phase of the project to be successful in the states where they had been introduced, namely Lagos, Abia, Anambra, akno, Ogun, Rivers and Federal Capital Territory.

The deputy governor expressed optimism that the project would be successful when it is rolled out nationwide in July this year.

He said, “While the CBN is playing a leading role in the development and implementation of this policy, the cooperation among our respective stakeholders (operators, merchants, government etc) is extremely important if we are to ensure the improved efficiency of Nigeria’s payment system to contribute to the country’s economic and social development through increased financial resources.”

He explained, “Given the experiences gained from the pilot in Lagos and the ensuing acceptance of the policy in the new states under phase 2 of the policy, we have every reason to be optimistic. We have received cooperation and support from political leadership of the states under the policy with records of improved revenue generation after embracing the e-culture. The issues of infrastructure gap arre  being addressed and collaboration with NIGCOMSAT in leveraging on cloud technology is being pursued in this regard.”

“Operators with the payments space have also brought in on the policy and have commenced aggressive marketing of customers in areas of operation. The business community is also coming on strong in adopting the policy.”


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E-Financial

Ecobank Raises Record $450m in Nature Bond for Africa’s Biodiversity

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Ecobank Group has broken new ground in sustainable finance with the launch of the world’s first International Capital Market Association (ICMA) commercial bank-issued Nature Bond on the London Stock Exchange, raising $450 million to channel capital into biodiversity conservation, sustainable agriculture and water infrastructure across Africa.

Ecobank Raises Record $450m in Nature Bond for Africa’s Biodiversity

The landmark transaction, which attracted overwhelming investor demand and earned the highest sustainability quality rating from Moody’s, is being hailed as a major milestone in efforts to close Africa’s nature-finance gap and mobilise private capital for environmental resilience.

The bond, which was oversubscribed nearly four times, creates a new mechanism for international and African investors to finance the protection of the continent’s natural capital through the communities, farmers and businesses that depend on it.

Africa hosts 25 percent of global biodiversity and is home to some of the world’s most important ecological assets, including vast tracts of arable land, tropical forests, freshwater ecosystems and wildlife habitats.

Yet despite its ecological significance, the continent attracts less than three percent of global nature finance, according to industry estimates.

Ecobank’s Nature Bond is designed to address this imbalance by directing capital into sectors where environmental outcomes and economic livelihoods are deeply interconnected.

Unlike traditional conservation financing vehicles that often focus on protected areas and environmental projects, the Nature Bond channels funding directly into the real economy.

The proceeds will support smallholder farmers adopting sustainable agricultural practices, agribusinesses operating verified deforestation-free supply chains, and water infrastructure projects that safeguard freshwater ecosystems relied upon by millions of people.

The initiative will span 24 African markets, with significant deployment planned in biodiversity-priority countries including Côte d’Ivoire, Burkina Faso and Ghana.

According to Ecobank, 81 percent of the eligible lending portfolio will be directed to countries where agricultural land-use change remains the primary driver of biodiversity loss. This approach is intended to ensure that financing reaches areas where environmental intervention can generate the greatest impact.

Nature Bonds represent one of the newest categories within sustainable finance.

Under ICMA’s nature bond framework, proceeds must be used specifically to support nature-positive outcomes, including biodiversity conservation, sustainable agriculture, land restoration and water ecosystem protection.

The designation differs from conventional green bonds, which often support a broader range of environmental objectives.

By contrast, Nature Bonds are designed to target activities directly linked to preserving and restoring natural ecosystems.

For Ecobank, the transaction represents the culmination of several years of investment in sustainability governance, environmental risk management and impact measurement frameworks.

The bank said every eligible loan financed through the bond will be subject to seven independently verified sustainability conditions, supported by monitoring systems that include deforestation screening, supply-chain traceability requirements and ongoing environmental performance assessments.

These safeguards were instrumental in securing Moody’s highest possible Sustainability Quality Score (SQS1 Excellent), providing investors with confidence that the proceeds will generate measurable environmental outcomes.

The $450 million issuance attracted orders worth more than $1.36 billion, representing 3.9 times the original target size.

The strong demand enabled Ecobank to increase the deal size by $100 million while simultaneously tightening pricing by 50 basis points, a rare achievement in sustainable finance markets and a reflection of growing investor interest in credible nature-based investment opportunities.

The transaction drew participation from both African and international institutional investors, underscoring Ecobank’s unique position as a pan-African financial institution capable of bridging global capital markets with local development priorities.

Jeremy Awori, group chief executive officer of Ecobank Transnational Incorporated, described the transaction as a defining moment not only for the bank but also for Africa’s sustainable finance landscape.

“This transaction is a defining moment for African sustainable finance. Investors did not just support this bond. They demanded more of it, allowing us to increase the size and tighten pricing,” Awori said.

He noted that Ecobank had spent four years building the governance systems, accountability structures and operational frameworks required to make nature finance both credible and scalable across African markets.

“We are not a bank that simply labels bonds,” he said. “This bond is ultimately about the farmers, cooperatives and communities whose livelihoods depend on healthy ecosystems.”

Rachael Antwi, Ecobank’s group head of sustainability and environmental and social risk management, said the future of nature finance on the continent would depend on practical models that connect environmental objectives with real economic activity.

“Nature finance will only scale in Africa if it is practical, measurable and connected to the real economy. This bond is designed to do that by linking international capital to eligible lending for sustainable agriculture and water infrastructure across 24 countries,” she added.

Antwi added that the framework reflects the systems and standards Ecobank has developed to ensure environmental sustainability and economic development can advance together.

The launch is expected to strengthen Africa’s position within the rapidly expanding global sustainable finance market, which is increasingly looking beyond climate mitigation to address biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation.

 

 


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NPS, New Payment Infrastructure Hits 153,000 Transactions in Pilot Phase

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Nigeria’s National Payment Stack (NPS) processed 153,000 transactions during its pilot phase, moving closer to a full rollout.

NPS, New Payment Infrastructure Hits 153,000 Transactions in Pilot Phase

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This next-generation payment infrastructure aims to unify banks, fintechs, mobile money operators, and other financial institutions on a single payment rail.

Premier Oiwoh, managing director and CEO, Nigeria Inter-Bank Settlement System (NIBSS), announced this milestone at the launch of the Nigeria Payments System Vision (PSV) 2028 in Abuja.

According to Oiwoh, the National Payment Stack recently recorded its highest transaction volume during testing and is now awaiting final approval before it can be formally launched.

“We’ve started a control pilot transaction on the National Payment Stack. I’m very happy to announce that last night we had the highest level of transactions at 153,000 on the National Payment Stack. So, I’m awaiting the Governor’s nod to put it up formally,” he said.

According to him, the pilot exercise has already provided a strong indication of what the system can handle once it is fully deployed across the financial sector.

The project is part of the broader reforms under the Nigeria Payments System Vision 2028, introduced by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) to modernise payment services and strengthen the country’s digital economy.

At the Abuja event, stakeholders stressed that building the technology alone will not guarantee success.

They said the real challenge lies in how effectively the system is implemented, how affordable it becomes for users, and how far it reaches people who are still outside formal banking services.

Oiwoh noted that the human and operational side of the reform is just as important as the technical design.

“In reality, technology is only a fraction of what determines success. The bigger part is execution. Without proper implementation, even the best system will not achieve its purpose. A significant number of Nigerians are still not part of the formal financial system,” he said.

He also expressed support for a pricing structure that would make digital payments cheaper or even free, arguing that reducing transaction costs could encourage wider participation in electronic banking and fintech services.

“I personally believe transfer charges should be eliminated or reduced to zero on financial applications. Payment services should be accessible without fees where possible,” he said.

The NPS is expected to significantly improve how financial transactions are processed in Nigeria by allowing different financial institutions to communicate and settle payments more seamlessly.

This interoperability is expected to reduce delays, lower friction in transactions, and improve the overall customer experience.

It is also expected to enhance transaction speed and strengthen the reliability of digital payments, particularly as more Nigerians continue to shift toward cashless and mobile-based financial services.

Industry players at the event said the pilot results demonstrate that the system is capable of handling large volumes of transactions and can be scaled up without major disruptions when fully launched.

They added that the platform could support innovation in the financial sector by creating a more connected and efficient payment environment for businesses, startups, and consumers.

However, discussions at the event also reflected concerns about cost and sustainability.

While there is growing pressure to reduce transaction fees, operators warned that pricing must still allow payment service providers to remain viable in the long term.

 

 


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Supreme Court Endorses Unity, Providus Bank Merger

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Supreme Court of Nigeria delivered a landmark ruling on the merger between Unity Bank Plc and Providus Bank Limited.

Providus Bank Limited.

By dismissing the final appeal challenging the consolidation, the apex court has dissolved the board of Unity Bank, cleared all legal obstacles, and formally sanctioned the creation of the enlarged entity,.

The apex court decision ends the legal dispute that had delayed the merger process.

The merger is expected to create a stronger and larger bank in Nigeria’s banking sector.

The shareholders of both banks had already approved the merger during a court-ordered Extraordinary General Meeting (EGM) held in September 2025.

The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) had also given its approval before now.

With the Supreme Court’s approval, the merger process can now be completed.

 


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