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CBN Sets New Conditions for Debt Recovery, Data, Fraud Protection

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Olayemi Cardoso, governor, Central Bank,
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Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has ordered the regulated entities to engage and give customers notices of outstanding obligations prior to the commencement of debt collection.

CBN Sets New Conditions for Debt Recovery, Data, Fraud Protection

Olayemi Cardoso, governor, Central Bank,

They are also to initiate foreclosures only when other recovery options have been unsuccessful – and give customers the option of a private sale, to be exercised within 30 days before commencing foreclosure, except where the customer waived the right.

The apex bank said financial services providers must ensure that the net proceeds from foreclosures were immediately applied to the loan account and customers informed of the balance.

Banks are to provide customers with a report of the sale of the collateral, CBN said. At a minimum, the report shall state the process, proceeds, incidental expenses, and net proceeds.

The banks shall also be liable for the actions of their agents engaged for debt collection, according to the central bank.

They are also not to contact friends, employers, relatives, or neighbours of a customer for any information other than information on employment status, telephone numbers or address, except where the person has guaranteed the loan or has consented to be contacted.

The revised document further mandates banks to protect customers’ assets against fraud or misuse at all times and be liable for losses arising from breach of required controls.

They are to test product suitability with consumers and make necessary modifications to reduce the incidence of fraud or transaction errors.

Essentially, they are required to implement measures across transaction channels and enable a multi-variant customer identification and multi-factor authentication mechanisms for transactions consummated. Also, automated transaction monitoring, alert functions, and behavioural monitoring to detect and prevent fraud are to be installed, with customers sensitised on fraud threats or scams.

The FSPs are required to state and periodically communicate procedures for reporting suspicious, unauthorised, fraud, lost or stolen payment instruments and/or authentication information to consumers.

 

They must also provide secure and simple user interfaces for digital financial services that will minimise the risk of mistake or double transactions.

On consumer data protection, the central bank mandated banks to protect the privacy and confidentiality of consumer information and assets against unauthorised access and be accountable for acts or omissions in respect thereof.

They must also embed personal data protection in the design of products or systems, and obtain written consent of consumers to collect and process their personal data for specific purposes and provide them with the option to withdraw the consent at any time.

FSPs are not to share personal data of consumers to a third party without their express consent, and they must provide details of information to be shared – and are requested to design clear and simple “Opt-in” and “Opt-Out” options for data sharing with third parties.

The CBN noted that the financial services industry had undergone significant transformation with evolving market trends, proliferation and widespread adoption of technology in the delivery of a broad range of financial products and services through digital channels.

It said while these changes had provided enhanced consumer choices, convenience, and accessibility, they had also exposed consumers to new challenges and risks.

According to the apex bank, “Safeguarding the interests and ensuring greater protection of consumers in the evolving financial services landscape necessitated the review of the 2019 Consumer Protection Regulations.”

The apex bank noted that the objective was to promote a safe, trustworthy and consumer-friendly financial services environment by promoting transparency and disclosure through the provision of accurate and clear information to consumers in a timely manner.

It also serves to protect consumers from unethical and predatory practices that undermine confidence in the use of financial products and services, CBN said.

 


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E-Financial

FCCPC Dismisses Report Claiming Approval of 48 New Loan Apps

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Federal Competition and Consumer Protection Commission (FCCPC) has dismissed as false a report claiming it approved 48 additional digital loan applications, raising the number of licensed digital lenders in Nigeria to 505.

FCCPC Dismisses Report Claiming Approval of 48 New Loan Apps

 

In a statement posted on its official X handle on Sunday, the commission described the publication, titled “FCCPC Approves 48 More Loan Apps, Raises Licensed Digital Lenders in Nigeria to 505,” as “false, misleading and” not reflective of its actions.

The commission said it had not granted any new approvals or licences for digital lenders, stressing that it was complying with an ex parte order of the Federal High Court restraining the implementation of the Digital, Electronic, Online and Non-Traditional Consumer Lending Regulations, 2025, pending further proceedings.

The statement read, “The attention of the Federal Competition and Consumer Protection Commission has been drawn to a publication titled ‘FCCPC Approves 48 More Loan Apps, Raises Licensed Digital Lenders in Nigeria to 505.’ The publication is false, misleading and does not represent the position or actions of the Commission.

“The FCCPC is a law-abiding institution and is fully complying with the ex parte Order of the Federal High Court restraining the implementation of the Digital, Electronic, Online and Non-Traditional Consumer Lending Regulations, 2025 pending further proceedings.

“Consequently, the Commission has not granted any new approvals or licences pursuant to those Regulations. Any publication suggesting that the Commission recently approved additional digital lenders under the Regulations is entirely false.”

The commission urged members of the public, industry stakeholders and media organisations to disregard the publication and rely only on information released through its official communication channels.

It reiterated its commitment to complying with court orders and providing accurate information on its regulatory activities.

 


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PalmPay Calls for Trust, Infrastructure and Responsible AI to Drive Payment Ecosystem Innovation

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Industry leaders, regulators, and payment experts have called for stronger infrastructure, responsible artificial intelligence (AI) adoption, and deeper cross-sector collaboration to unlock the next phase of growth in Nigeria’s digital payments ecosystem.

The stakeholders made the call during the 2026 Digital Pay Expo held in Lagos on June 17 and 18, 2026. This year’s event focused heavily on the transformative role of AI, cybersecurity, cross-border transactions, and deepening financial inclusion across Africa.

Speaking at the event, Dr. Rekiya Yusuf, Director of the Payment System Supervision Department at the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), represented by Chika Ugwueze, Deputy Director, stated that Nigeria’s payment ecosystem is rapidly evolving beyond digital adoption into deeper digital transformation.

According to Yusuf, artificial intelligence is emerging as a critical driver of this shift, particularly in real-time fraud detection and expanding access to underserved populations. “The goal is to make financial transactions seamless. AI is now driving innovation, helping in real-time fraud detection and helping to expand access,” she said.

She noted, however, that important gaps remain, particularly around infrastructure and inclusion. Building a resilient digital market system in the AI era requires reliable connectivity, robust infrastructure, intentional talent development, and sustained capacity building.

Echoing the regulator’s call for robust ecosystem support, Chika Nwosu, Managing Director of PalmPay Nigeria, said trust, access, and practical financial support remain critical to helping small businesses participate more meaningfully in the formal economy.

He noted that while micro, small, and medium enterprises (SMEs) contribute an impressive 40 per cent to Nigeria’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP), limited access to credit and reliable payment infrastructure continues to slow their ability to grow and scale.

To drive true innovation, Nwosu argued that financial inclusion must move beyond simply opening accounts and enabling basic transactions; it requires building a foundation of trust and tangible economic empowerment.

“SMEs contribute 40 per cent of the country’s GDP. For us at PalmPay, we don’t just provide payment solutions to them, we also support them with financial tools they need to expand and create jobs,” he said. .

Nwosu further emphasised the importance of digital literacy, noting that stronger understanding of digital tools and AI-enabled systems will be essential to buildling long-term trust and participation across the ecosystem.

The discussions at Digital Pay Expo 2026 reflected a growing consensus across the industry: the future of African digital payments will depend on getting the fundamentals right. That means stronger infrastructure, responsible use of AI, better cybersecurity, and closer collaboration between regulators, fintechs, and other ecosystem players.

For PalmPay, the event reinforced the importance of building a payments ecosystem that is more resilient, more secure, and better equipped to support inclusion and growth at scale.


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ngCERT Raises Alarm over Surge in Banks’ ATM Cyberattacks

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Nigeria’s Computer Emergency Response Team (NgCERT) has urged financial institutions to reinforce their cybersecurity systems following a surge in automated teller machine (ATM)-related attacks targeting banks across Africa.

In a cybersecurity advisory issued on June 25, the agency classified the threat as “high risk,” warning that the attacks could inflict significant financial losses, disrupt banking operations and damage public confidence if not promptly addressed.

NgCERT, the federal agency responsible for coordinating responses to cyber threats in Nigeria under the Office of the National Security Adviser (ONSA), said the warning was prompted by a recent cyberattack on United Bank for Africa (UBA) in Senegal.

According to the advisory, cybercriminals successfully compromised the bank’s card authorization infrastructure, enabling them to manipulate transaction controls and carry out 3,421 ATM withdrawals that resulted in losses exceeding $2 million.

The agency said the attack demonstrated a sophisticated methodology that poses a serious threat to financial institutions operating similar ATM and payment card systems across Africa.

“This methodology poses a significant threat to financial institutions operating similar ATM and card systems across the region,” the advisory stated.

NgCERT explained that investigations into recent incidents indicate that attackers typically gain initial access to bank networks through phishing campaigns, vulnerabilities within third-party supply chains or insider assistance.

Once inside the network, the attackers conduct extensive reconnaissance to identify critical systems responsible for ATM transaction processing, card management and transaction authorisation.

The agency said the threat actors then deploy malware, escalate their system privileges and manipulate key security controls, including ATM withdrawal limits, transaction velocity restrictions, fraud monitoring thresholds and payment card parameters.

It added that the attackers are also capable of creating new payment card records or altering existing ones, enabling coordinated cash-out operations involving multiple operatives simultaneously withdrawing large amounts of cash from ATMs across different locations.

NgCERT warned that successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities could result in massive financial losses through the rapid depletion of ATM cash reserves, compromise of core banking infrastructure and manipulation of customer accounts.

Beyond direct financial losses, the agency said such attacks could trigger regulatory sanctions, reputational damage, service disruptions and broader network compromise that may lead to sensitive data breaches.

To mitigate the threat, ngCERT advised banks to strengthen privileged access management and enforce multi-factor authentication for all administrative accounts.

The agency also urged financial institutions to immediately harden their ATM infrastructure by disabling unnecessary remote access, applying the latest firmware updates and reviewing all third-party remote access channels and vendor accounts.

Other recommendations include implementing strict network segmentation, enhancing real-time transaction monitoring, conducting continuous threat-hunting activities, carrying out regular penetration testing and red-team exercises, and strengthening employee awareness of phishing attacks and insider threats.

NgCERT further called on banks to regularly test and update their incident response plans to ensure they are equipped to respond effectively to sophisticated ATM cash-out attacks as cyber threats continue to evolve.


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