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Computer Forensics is about Crime Prevention- Olayiwola

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Dr. Peter Olayiwola, chairman, Board of Computer Forensics Institute Nigeria (CFIN) is an ICT personality with expertise in e-Accounting, Electronic Auditing, Forensic Accounting, Computer Forensics. He has majors in Public Finance Management and Administrative Management. Olayiwola is renowned consultant to local and international organizations including the World Bank, Federal Ministry of Health and several state governments on ICT, Finance Management and other fields. He spoke to emeka okafor on a variety of issues.

Challenge of ICT
Just like in any part of the world, the evolution and introduction of information technology and even telecommunication facilities throughout the world have contributed immensely to the higher quality of life of citizens.
At the same time, they have posed some challenges to the society. For instance, if you are a user of the internet  particularly email  powered and supported by Yahoo in Nigeria , you would have noticed  the frequency  by which  fake letters  asking you to renew  the information for your ATM card  fly into your box saying that if you don’t provide the information  within the next 24 hours  your ATM card will be suspended whereas those pieces of information are meant to  dupe the unsuspecting  public.
They are fake organizations whose target is to dupe members of the society. We have situations whereby people send not only through the email but also text messages. You know before when you want to send a message to somebody you would have to go to the Post Office to mail a letter but nowadays because of technology our phones have become the Post Office because not only do you speak through your phone, you can send photograph and letters inform of text messages to people and you can communicate with them and transact businesses on your telephone. The fraudsters also have taken advantage of this in various forms. So all these technologies have posed challenges to us particularly those of us who are traditionally information technology-based.
Certain things have evolved from these problems. Initially we were talking about electronic auditing but now things have gone out of control and that is why today we talk about computer forensics.

Computer Forensics
 Computer forensics is what Computer Forensics Institute Nigeria (CFIN) is all about. It is not a field that was developed by us in Nigeria but a field that has existed since mid late 90s in America and U.K. It actually started in the U.S.  When you talk about forensics, you are talking about being able to unravel a crime that has been committed may be for years past. We have medical forensics whereby somebody has been killed and you want to fix together who killed the person even when the case file has been closed and all of a sudden  small evidence comes up may be the design or texture of the clothing  or some evidence is confirmed now, you can just go and arrest the person. It is the same methodology we use to conduct computer forensics, we are talking about crime that has been committed using the computer or the internet or any network for that matter.
One of the frauds ever committed involving millions of stolen ATM credit card identities was by some people who took their laptops and sat in a shopping mall in the U.S and as people were charging and buying things on credit using either ATMs or credit cards and as this was going through the internet, the people sitting in the mall were capturing all the information. So once they captured everything – the serial numbers and so on, they went throughout the world buying things and using all the stolen information. However, it was computer forensics experts who were later engaged to capture these people. So computer forensics is not a field that started in Nigeria, of course in this age we already have bodies in the U.S and U.K and therefore since 2001 I have been advocating for bringing the body of knowledge in computer forensics to Nigeria. In those years I have been advocating it to the younger generation particularly to National Association of Computer Science Students (NACOSS) to the extent that today we have some members in the customs, and scholars now who are doing their masters degree and writing their thesis in computer forensics.

Establishing Computer Forensics Institute
 Few years ago we embarked on the journey to establish an institute in Nigeria that can bring together people who are interested in the field and also to create this field in Nigeria whereby we can save Nigeria from what used to be a hopeless situation where somebody could go and register a company’s website fraudulently and the real company cannot do anything about it.
 So very soon those kinds of people can be tracked down. That is already happening in America, U.K Europe and other countries of the world. Even Saudi Arabia is developing computer forensics as we talk now. Having said that, let me now say it is our contribution to develop battalions of computer forensics experts who are ready to go to war to stop the menace of computer, internet and any networking fraud in Nigeria and also to save Nigeria millions of naira that is being spent every year training people abroad. When you compare the syllabus of CFIN with those of the foreign bodies you will find out that the syllabus of CFIN is richer in content and we offer more courses. Those courses offered by those computer forensics institutes abroad don’t take into consideration the type of problem we have in Nigeria. For example computer forensics is for every body – lawyers, security experts, bank inspectors, external auditors, accountants and for any other person who is interested in the field as a hobby.

The federal government gave the approval for CFIN to commence operation in December 2008 but we opened our doors to the public this January. So you can see that within the period of less than two quarters we have done so much. We had our first boot camp in March and based on the recommendation of the participants who came from various agencies – law firms, security outfits, private sector, accounting firms and so on, we are now conducting online training programme. We are ready for Nigeria. We are providing residential training and online training because we have a target of producing nothing less than between 5,000 to 10,000 computer forensics experts for Nigeria within the next three years and that is our goal.

Using Knowledge of Computer Forensics Proactively
This is a very good question.  I just mentioned to you that we are trying to develop battalions of computer forensics experts. Our job is not to be reactive. As a matter of fact our job is to prevent crime. If you look at our aims and objectives, we are supposed to be advising federal, states and local governments and the private sector particularly the financial sector about on how to protect themselves against malicious attack. We are talking about somebody sitting in a corner trying to steal information from your client, t with the aim to collect money fraudulently from your account or customer’s account thereby throwing the bank into a problem. Somebody can also steal your identity and before you know what is happening he will use the identity of your ATM card to withdraw all your money. So we are trying to train members who can have gainful employment in various organizations in Nigeria like the banks, insurance companies, in fact any company that has information data. Our members should be able to provide the technical know how to safeguard the corporate data asset of the organization so that the company can retain the confidence of its customers. So we are providing training that is proactive and one that is meant for the detection and deterring of attacks. It is deterring   because computer forensics uses enough evidence to prosecute and put an offender behind the bars. It is going to deter and tell somebody that people are watching you and if you are not careful somebody can put you behind the bars. And that will also scare some people .We will keep on dong more research so that as these people are getting wiser, we are also getting steps ahead of them. It is just like virus and anti-virus, they are the virus and we, the anti-virus. We must be able to wipe them off and prevent them from existing at all.

IT Regulation in Nigeria   
 It is not IT regulation in Nigeria that is the problem, it is the Evidence Act. The Act is almost a century old and therefore there is a need to have a serious look at it and I believe there are enough stakeholders who are interested in having a look at the Act and CFIN is part of them.

Research and Development Department
They research into new and emerging areas of nuisance. For instance many people may not know that in digital forensics, somebody can put somebody’s head on another person’s head and use it to blackmail somebody, but we will be able to put to bed all forms of digital blackmail. There are so many areas we are going to be involved in this country.

Creating Awareness
During the first quarter we had a focus and decided we must have a boot camp bringing together lawyers and other professionals to the training programme. We said we must have online training programme in our second quarter and we achieved it. We have been granting interviews to the press and sending out press releases. Remember we have not received any subvention from any organization. We are result oriented organization and we want to show result.  We want people to see that we mean business and that we mean good for Nigeria. What we do I believe will speak for us in as much as we partner with the media.      

Level of Internet Penetration in Nigeria
Nobody can tell you he is satisfied with the level of internet access in the country. Somebody came from the U.S and he was upset Nigeria is still crawling in that area. He said nobody pays for internet services in the U.S that you only have your laptop and you just start browsing. I think the federal government is doing something about it. They are already providing the backbone facilities to most of the federal government agencies. Nigeria is supposed to be one of the advanced countries of the world based on our ability, intelligence and we have been supporting some of the developed nations of the world. We have some Nigerians who are working in some of the best places for the American government .So Nigeria is not a backward country in anyway. There is no reason for the lack of basic infrastructure we need in Nigeria. We really need to look in that direction. Nigeria will be a village if we cannot move with the rest of the world even if it has the best capital city. So far I am not satisfied with the level of internet penetration in Nigeria and the facilities available.

Challenges  
First and foremost is assembling computer forensics hands in Nigeria. Fortunately for us, a lot of Nigerians abroad have indicated their interest in coming home or working with us online. It has been a great discovery that there are many Nigerians looking forward to be part of CFIN on the basis of the level of fraud going on in Nigeria.

Preference of Forensics Experts Abroad to Nigerian Counterparts
Can you tell me how many we have in Nigeria? You see what has happened is that we have pockets of people who have studied may be ethical hacking. If you look at our syllabus, all these things scattered all over the place that people say they go to study   are just one of our levels. Ethical hacking is just one aspect made up about five courses and somebody who read it will now begin to pride himself as having read computer forensics. The person does not know much. So we don’t have many computer forensics experts here in Nigeria. The few we have are either trained by EFCC, ICPC or some banks. Computer forensics has to do with the ability to prepare evidence for litigation.

 

 


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PalmPay, Premier Cool to Reward 10,000 Nigerians with ₦100m in “10k for 10k Campaign”

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L-r: Femi Hanson, Head, Marketing & Comms, PalmPay Nigeria; Austyne Umeh, Head, Digital & IT Africa, PZ Cussons; Chika Nwosu, MD, PalmPay Nigeria; Oghale Elueni, MD, PZ Cussons Africa; Martha Kayode, Head of Marketing, PZ Cussons; Kowontan Habib, Head, Wallets & Wealth Business, PalmPay and Dedun Ezichi, Head of Category, Personal Hygiene, PZ Cussons at the launch of the Premier Cool 10k for 10k promo in Lagos
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Premier Cool, Nigeria’s leading antibacterial cooling bar soap, has announced the launch of its nationwide consumer promotion, “10K for 10K”, in partnership with Palmpay, Nigeria’s leading digital bank.

This promo is designed to reward 10,000 Nigerians with ₦10,000, amounting to a total of ₦100 million in cash rewards paid instantly via PalmPay wallets. Running from January 12 to April 11, 2026, 111 winners will emerge daily throughout the three months.

Speaking on the campaign, the MD PZ Cussons Africa, Mr Oghale Elueni, said ‘At a time when financial pressure is real for many households, this promo is our way of easing the load and refreshing Nigerians, emotionally and financially, with a brand they already know and trust.

Participation is straightforward, and reward is instant on your PalmPay wallet

Consumers can take part in three easy steps:

  1. Buy a promo-coded pack of Premier Cool 110g (Ultimate or Black) and unwrap to reveal a unique code inside.
  2. Scan the QR code on the pack, which leads directly to the campaign microsite and the PalmPay app.
  3. Enter the unique code on PalmPay for an instant draw and a chance to win ₦10,000 instantly.

New PalmPay users participating in the campaign will also enjoy a welcome bonus of up to ₦5,550, further reinforcing PalmPay’s commitment to delivering practical value and smarter everyday banking.

Also speaking at the launch, Managing Director of PalmPay Nigeria, Chika Nwosu, noted that this campaign reflects PalmPay’s commitment to delivering real, everyday value to Nigerians. By partnering with a brand that families have trusted for decades, we are reinforcing our promise of smarter banking that supports daily living, saving, and financial growth.”

Rewarding Loyalty, the Premier Cool Way

Premier Cool understands the value of loyalty and believes freshness should come with real rewards. With the 10K for 10K Promo in partnership with PalmPay, Premier Cool reinforces its commitment to consumers through meaningful engagement, proving that staying fresh pays.

With decades of heritage under PZ Cussons, Premier Cool remains a symbol of reliability, family well-being, and consistent quality in Nigerian homes.

PalmPay is driving financial inclusion and economic empowerment in underserved emerging markets. Through its secure, user-friendly, and inclusive suite of financial services, PalmPay empowers individuals and businesses with tools to manage and grow their money.

PalmPay offers a comprehensive range of products, including mobile payments, savings, and micro-insurance via its app and mobile money agent network.


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Firm Launches AI-powered Platform to Simplify New Tax Laws

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As Nigeria enters a new phase of tax administration, a locally developed technology platform, Kaanta AI, has been launched to help Nigerians have a better understanding of their tax obligations.

Kaanta AI is a WhatsApp-based, AI-powered tax assistant designed to provide simplified tax guidance to traders, small and medium-sized businesses, professionals, and individuals.

The platform arrives at a time when tax reforms and compliance requirements are becoming more prominent in public discourse.

Rather than relying on complex online portals or technical language, Founder and Chief Technology Officer, Oluwaferanmi Oladepo, at the launch of the innovation, explained that Kaanta AI operates entirely on WhatsApp, allowing users to ask tax-related questions, receive explanations, calculate taxes, and understand available reliefs using text, voice, or handwritten notes.

The service also supports local languages, including Yoruba, Igbo, Hausa, and Pidgin, expanding access beyond English-speaking users.

With the new tax law taking effect on January 1, 2026, analysts expect increased public confusion and misinformation. However, Oladepo assured Nigerians that Kaanta AI positions itself as a verification and guidance tool, offering instant responses to tax-related questions and concerns.

He described the platform as a response to a long-standing gap in tax education, sayin,: “Tax should not feel scary or confusing. Kaanta AI is built to help Nigerians understand what applies to them and make informed decisions, using clear and accessible language.”

According to the tech guru, in addition to basic explanations, the platform provides tax calculations and insights on tax reliefs, noting that the company also plans to introduce professional tax services, including filing support for small businesses and larger organisations. Kaanta AI operates a freemium model, with basic guidance available at no cost and advanced services offered through paid plans.

According to Tobiloba Olanipekun, Product and Growth Lead, the platform was designed around how Nigerians already communicate.

Olanipekun said: “WhatsApp is where people naturally ask questions and seek help. We wanted Kaanta AI to feel like a conversation, not a lecture. Anyone from a market trader to a young professional can ask questions freely and get clear answers.”

He added that the long-term goal is to improve tax education and compliance culture across the country, adding that: “With tax becoming part of everyday conversation in Nigeria, we aim to guide people with clarity rather than confusion.”

Kaanta AI is now available to users nationwide. As tax reforms take centre stage in 2026, the platform is expected to play a role in helping Nigerians navigate the changing tax landscape.

 


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Why Nigeria’s New Tax Regime Will Fail Without Public Trust

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By Blaise Udunze

Millions of Nigerian citizens are watching with cautious anticipation as the federal government begins implementing its far-reaching 2026 tax reforms. This is to say that the official assurances that the new tax regime will be fairer, simpler, and more humane, as relished by the proponents of the reforms, are being listened to by both low-income workers, small business owners, professionals, and informal sector participants.

Why Nigeria's New Tax Regime Will Fail Without Public Trust

Tax

Still, behind the optimism is a familiar worry shaped by past experience that reminds us that taxation without accountability undermines both governance credibility and the legitimacy of the tax system, thereby making it hard to believe in.

For many Nigerians, the question is not whether taxes should be paid, but whether the state has earned the moral authority to demand them, judging by the lack of accountability over the years.

The Nigerian Tax Act and the Nigerian Tax Administration Act, two of the four pillars of the 2026 reforms, came into force on January 1, reshaping how individuals and businesses are taxed. According to proponents of the reforms, particularly the Chairman of the Presidential Committee on Fiscal Policy and Tax Reforms, Dr. Taiwo Oyedele, the changes are deliberately pro-poor and pro-growth. Workers earning below N800,000 annually are exempted from personal income tax. Basic food items, healthcare, education, and public transportation have been removed from the VAT net. Small companies with turnovers of N100 million or less are exempt from corporate income tax, capital gains tax, and the new development levy. Multiple tax laws have been consolidated into a unified code to reduce duplication, confusion, and harassment.

On paper, these reforms acknowledge Nigeria’s economic distress and signal a genuine attempt to lighten the burden on the majority of citizens. However, Nigeria’s tax crisis has never been about tax rates alone.

Nigerians have lived through decades of taxation that did not translate into visible development, social welfare, or improved quality of life, as this has succinctly shown that it is fundamentally about trust. No matter how progressive, for this singular reason, Nigerians see the announcement of the reforms via a long memory of disappointment and failure, while Nigerians have increasingly become vocal in demanding accountability from government at all levels, and social media has played a powerful role in amplifying public scrutiny in recent years.

Images and videos of the alleged lavish lifestyles of public office holders and their families are alarming and circulate widely, reinforcing the perception that public funds are misused or siphoned for private gain. While not all such claims are verified, the damage lies in the perception itself since governance credibility suffers when citizens believe that those entrusted with public resources live far above the realities of the people they govern.

The Nigerian Constitution, while not explicitly mandating accountability in narrow terms, establishes in Section 14 that the security and welfare of the people shall be the primary purpose of government. The state is expected to manage the economy in a manner that ensures maximum welfare, freedom, and happiness of citizens on the basis of social justice and equality. The provisions made in Section 22 further empower the media and arm it to the teeth to hold the government accountable to the people and beyond constitutional provisions, Nigeria voluntarily signed up to global transparency initiatives such as the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative, domesticated through the NEITI Act of 2007. Over the period, NEITI has helped improve disclosure in the extractive sector, as its mandate does not extend to tracking how revenues are spent, leaving a critical accountability gap.

This gap is most evident in the lived experience of Nigerian taxpayers. Intrinsically, the average Nigerian does not experience taxation as a collective investment in shared prosperity. Instead, taxation feels like an added burden layered on top of already crushing personal responsibilities. Nigerians generate their own electricity through generators, source water privately, pay for security, indirectly fund road maintenance through vehicle repairs, and bear healthcare and education costs out of pocket. When citizens pay taxes and still bear the full cost of survival, taxation begins to resemble organized extraction rather than civic contribution.

For instance, the stories of Mr. George and Mr. Kunle reflect this reality. Mr. George, is an earned salary worker who has personal income tax deducted monthly through PAYE. Meanwhile, George also pays for electricity, security, water, road repairs, and private schooling. What about Mr. Kunle, who is a small business owner and chooses not to pay taxes voluntarily with the belief that the government has failed to meet its obligations and other rights? Their frustration is widely shared. According to the IMF, only about 10 million Nigerians out of a labour force of 77 million are registered taxpayers. This low compliance is not a product of ignorance alone, but of a deeply broken social contract.

Over the years, successive governments have attempted to address low compliance through amnesty schemes such as the Voluntary Asset and Income Declaration Scheme. Though these initiatives temporarily expanded the tax base, their long-term impact remains questionable because compliance driven by fear of penalties or temporary incentives does not endure where trust is absent. In Nigeria, tax compliance is often compelled rather than voluntary, just as we are about to experience in this new regime, enforcement tends to replace persuasion. This approach may generate short-term revenue, but it weakens legitimacy and fuels resistance.

Academic studies on taxation and accountability in Nigeria reinforce this conclusion. While global literature suggests a strong relationship between government accountability and voluntary tax compliance, Nigeria’s experience has been distorted by weak institutions and limited political legitimacy. This should be noted by the policymakers that where citizens perceive government as unaccountable, coercion increases, collection costs rise, and evasion becomes normalized. Hence while, the result is a vicious cycle in which low trust breeds low compliance, prompting harsher enforcement that further erodes trust.

Other jurisdictions offer valuable lessons. For instance, today, a country like Sweden has one of the highest tax-to-GDP ratios in the world with remarkably high compliance rates, and this has been the norm despite imposing steep personal income taxes. The reason is simple, in the sense that transparency and visible benefits are not far-fetched. Citizens know how their taxes are spent and experience the returns through quality education, healthcare, social security, and public services. Taxation is viewed not as punishment but as a shared investment. In China, targeted tax deductions for healthcare and education similarly align taxation with social needs, reinforcing compliance through perceived fairness.

Nigeria’s challenge is not to replicate these systems mechanically, but to internalize their core principle that enables the people to comply willingly when they believe the system works and that everyone is treated fairly.

This principle is being tested anew by the recent controversy surrounding the Federal Inland Revenue Service’s (now branded as Nigeria Revenue Service) appointment of Xpress Payments Solutions Limited as a Treasury Single Account collecting agent. Though framed as a technical step toward modernizing digital tax infrastructure, the quiet nature of the appointment, coupled with limited public disclosure, has reignited fears of revenue capture and cartelization. Critics have drawn parallels with past private-sector dominance over state revenue systems, warning against concentrating sensitive national revenue functions in private hands without clear safeguards.

Former Vice President Atiku Abubakar’s reaction captured the broader public unease. He raised an alarm while warning against what he described as the nationalization of a revenue collection model that had previously raised serious transparency concerns and the Nigeria Revenue Service (NRS) has insisted that Xpress Payments is merely an additional option and not an exclusive gatekeeper, the controversy highlights a deeper issue, which authenticates the fact that in a climate of low trust, silence, and lack of clarity, suspicion. Even well-intentioned reforms can falter if citizens feel excluded from the process.

With broader concerns about governance, accountability, and democratic integrity in society, this moment coincides with it. Even the recent calls by leaders such as Rotimi Amaechi and civil society organizations like ActionAid Nigeria underscore the growing demand for responsible, transparent and people-oriented leadership as being raised from different quarters. Governance indices consistently rank Nigeria poorly on accountability, while poverty, unemployment and insecurity remain widespread. That is what, in such a context, asking citizens to trust the tax system without first restoring confidence in governance is unrealistic and unattainable.

At the core of the debate lies a fundamental moral question: when does a government have the right to tax its citizens? Taxation is not charity and it is not magic. It is a contract. Citizens surrender a portion of their income so the state can provide security, infrastructure, justice, and essential services that individuals cannot efficiently provide on their own. When this exchange functions, taxation feels legitimate. When it fails, taxation feels coercive.

No doubt, legally, the Nigerian state retains the power to tax, but morally, legitimacy depends on performance. Security is foundational. Infrastructure enables productivity. The government must understand that healthcare and education protect human capital, while transparency ensures fairness. And, when these pillars are weak, taxation loses its ethical grounding. All that Nigerians demand is not perfection; they demand evidence that their sacrifices matter.

As the implementation of the new tax reforms takes root, Nigeria stands at a defining moment. The reforms offer an opportunity to reset the social contract around taxation, broaden the tax base, and reduce dependence on dwindling oil revenues. But the point being flagged is that reform without accountability will only reproduce old failures in new forms. To buttress this further, taxation without accountability, as being practiced in the past, will invariably undermine governance credibility and erode the legitimacy of the tax system.

And, as the scripture says, you cannot put “old wine in a new wineskin.” Failure to adhere to this instruction will lead to combustion. Yesterday’s methods or mindsets on taxation will rupture new strategies, which cannot thrive or survive because of a lack of accountability.

If the government is serious about improving voluntary compliance, it must go beyond policy announcements. Hence, must demonstrate transparent use of tax revenues, strengthen oversight institutions, limit monopolistic control over revenue collection, and communicate clearly and consistently with citizens. Most importantly, it must deliver tangible improvements in the daily lives of all Nigerians.

When citizens see roads fixed, hospitals working, schools improving, and security strengthened, compliance will follow. Voluntary tax compliance is not an act of generosity; it is a rational response to trust. Fix the system, restore confidence, and Nigerians will pay, not because they are forced, but because the contract finally makes sense.

Blaise, a journalist and PR professional, writes from Lagos and can be reached via: [email protected]


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