E-Financial
Concerns as Some Banks Show Signs of Weakness
A Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) stress test has shown that only large banks will stay above the regulator’s capital adequacy ratio threshold if the non-performing loans levels of the Deposit Money Banks should rise by 50 per cent.
The results of the stress test were contained in the CBN’s latest Financial Stability Report posted on its website on Thurday.
According to the report, the end-June 2017 banking industry stress test, which covered 20 commercial and four merchant banks, was conducted to evaluate the resilience of the banks to credit, liquidity, interest rate and contagion risks (shocks).
The banking industry was categorised into large banks (those with assets up to N1tn or above); medium banks (those with assets more than N500bn but less than N1tn); and small banks (those with assets up to N500bn or below).
The stress test results stated, “The stress test showed that only large banks could withstand a further deterioration of their NPLs by up to 50 per cent. However, none of the groups withstood the impact of the most severe shock of a 200 per cent increase in the NPLs as their post-shock CARs fell below the 10 per cent minimum prudential requirement.
“The impact of the severe shocks on the banking industry, large, medium and small banks will result in significant solvency shortfall of 15.21, 9.78, 93.42 and 17.53 percentage points from the regulatory minimum of 10 per cent CAR, amounting to N2.77tn, N1.54tn, N0.98tn and N0.25tn, respectively.”
According to the CBN report, the average baseline Capital Adequacy Ratios for the banking industry, large, medium and small banks at the end of June 2017 stood at 11.51, 13.13, -6.71 and 13.54 per cent, respectively.
These represented a decline of 3.27, 2.34 and 19.46 percentage points for the banking industry, large and medium banks, respectively from the position as at end-December 2016.
However, the small banks group grew by 10.40 percentage points from 3.14 to 13.54 per cent
The CBN said the decline in the CARs was attributable to the challenges in the oil and gas sector coupled with the slow recovery in the domestic economy, which resulted to a rise in the NPLs and capital deterioration.
In the sectoral credit concentration risk stress test, the breakdown of banking industry’s total credit by sector showed that, oil and gas sector accounted for 28.83 per cent of the industry credit, while manufacturing, general, information and communications, government and others accounted for 13.76, 8.82, 4.94, 8.53 and 35.12 per cent, respectively at end-December 2016.
The report added, “The results of the stress test of default in exposure to oil and gas sector showed that the banking industry and peered groups, with the exception of medium banks, withstood up to 20 per cent default as their post-shock CARs remained above 10.00 per cent – industry (10.74 per cent), large banks (12.30 per cent) and small banks (13.34 per cent).
“Under a more severe shock of 50 per cent default, only small banks had CARs above 10.00 per cent (12.30 per cent). This showed that banking industry, large and medium banks were more exposed to the credit risk in the oil and gas sector than the small banks.”
The CBN liquidity stress test showed that after a one-day run, the liquidity ratio of the industry declined to 31.5 per cent from the 48.1 per cent pre-shock position, and to 11.8 and 7.9 per cent after a five-day and cumulative 30-day run, respectively.
According to the report, the asset quality of commercial banks declined in the first half of 2017.
The ratio of the NPLs to gross loans increased by 2.2 and 4.3 percentage points to 15.0 per cent at end-June 2017 compared with the levels at end-December 2016 and end-June 2016, respectively.
In his reaction under the Governor’s Statement on the FSR, the CBN Governor, Godwin Emefiele, said, “Reflecting the recession in the first half of 2017, there was noticeable deterioration in banks’ loan portfolios, especially exposures to the oil and gas sector and foreign currency denominated credit.
“To maintain financial system stability, efforts have been intensified to proactively engage operators to effectively manage the associated risks. Also, a framework for the establishment of private asset restructuring companies to acquire non-performing loans from banks and other financial institutions will be released in due course.”
The Deputy CBN Governor, Financial System Stability, Dr. Joseph Nnanna, stated that the regulatory attention was currently focused on ensuring an improvement in the quality of banks’ assets as well as ensuring that the banks contribute effectively to the real sector.
“The disruptions experienced in the economy with declining oil prices and government revenue resulted in an increase in the non-performing loans in the banking industry. The CBN will continue to monitor developments and initiate measures to limit contagion and ensure that financial institutions remain safe and sound,” he added.
The results of the CBN’s stress test were in line with the Article IV Consultation report by the International Monetary Fund, which highlighted the risks the banking sector faced, particularly with regards to solvency ratios of “four small and medium-sized undercapitalised banks,” Afrinvest, a Nigeria-based investment and research firm, said in a research note.
It noted that some of the “small and medium-sized banks are kept afloat through continuous recourse to the CBN’s lending facilities”
The IMF report stated that banks needed to raise their capital buffers hence, the CBN’s directive on dividend payment was a welcome development, while also calling for a broad review of asset quality to unmask potential capital needs.
Debt Management Office (DMO) said the federal government spent N3.14 trillion on servicing its domestic debt in the first quarter of 2026.
The office disclosed the data in its latest domestic debt service report for Q1 2026.
The figure comprises N2.97 trillion in interest payments and N169.68 billion in principal repayments.
The agency said in January, the government spent N741.82 billion on domestic debt service, while the figure rose to N967.67 billion in February.
Debt service increased further to N1.43 trillion in March, bringing the total for the quarter to N3.14 trillion.
The March figure was 47.7 percent higher than the N967.67 billion recorded in February and 92.7 percent above the N741.82 billion spent in January.
Also, the debt office said interest payments accounted for about 94.6 percent of total domestic debt service during the quarter.
The DMO said treasury bills accounted for the largest share of interest payments at N1 trillion, while interest on federal government bonds stood at N1.96 trillion.
The agency said the government also paid N4.24 billion in interest on FGN savings bonds during the period.
The DMO said the principal component of the debt service comprised N169.68 billion in repayments on local-denominated promissory notes.
Overall, the government’s domestic debt service rose sharply through the quarter, with March accounting for almost half of the N3.14 trillion spent between January and March.
Nigeria’s public debt increased by 0.01 percent to N159.35 trillion in the Q1 of 2026.
Interswitch Group, an integrated digital payments and commerce company, together with global banking software provider, Temenos have reassured the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) of their commitment to advancing the modernisation of Nigeria’s financial services sector.
Interswitch and Temenos had earlier in June announced a strategic partnership across Africa which would see Interswitch leverage Temenos solutions – across core banking, digital banking, payments, wealth management and financial crime mitigation – to provide cloud-hosted and on-premises managed services to banks and financial institutions across Africa.
This will enable institutions to progressively transform their banking platform and evolve to more customer-centric business models. The service will initially support key African markets including Nigeria, Ghana, Côte d’Ivoire, Kenya and others.
The recent regulatory visit to CBN headquarters in Abuja, was led by the Founder and Group Chief Executive Officer of Interswitch, Mitchell Elegbe, and Managing Director for the Middle East and Africa (MEA) at Temenos, Santhosh Rao, as part of the ongoing efforts by both organisations to deepen collaboration with Central Banks across the African region on the future of digital banking infrastructure across Nigeria and key African markets.
Discussions centred on the strategic partnership between Interswitch and Temenos, and how it will enable Nigerian financial institutions to progressively modernise their core banking platforms and transition to more customer-centric business models.
The two organisations also explored opportunities to work with the CBN in charting new frontiers in Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) innovation, leveraging resilient financial networks and decentralised application platforms to support the issuance and management of CBDCs.
Commenting on the visit, Elegbesaid: “Our partnership as Interswitch with Temenos and our continued engagement with the Central Bank of Nigeria reflect a shared commitment to building banking infrastructure that is resilient, inclusive, and ready for the next phase of Africa’s financial evolution.
We are proud to be at the table as these conversations shape the future of digital banking technology and innovation across key Africa markets…”
The Bank of Industry, through BOI Financing SPV Plc, has opened subscriptions for its inaugural Series 1 Fixed Rate Bond worth up to N250bn under its $1bn multi-currency instruments programme, seeking to raise long-term capital to finance businesses across Nigeria’s priority sectors.
The offer, which opened on 5 August and closes on 11 August, is being arranged by Chapel Hill Denham as the lead issuing house. The five-year bond is priced within a yield range of 17.35 per cent to 17.50 per cent and will be listed on the FMDQ Securities Exchange.
According to the offer document, proceeds from the issuance will be deployed to finance eligible businesses and projects across sectors, including agriculture and food processing, healthcare, engineering and technology, renewable energy, petrochemicals, oil and gas, creative industries and solid minerals, in line with BOI’s development finance mandate.
The lender said the financing is expected to improve access to medium and long-term funding for Nigerian enterprises, expand productive capacity, create and preserve jobs, deepen local value addition, support import substitution, boost exports and strengthen domestic value chains.
BOI, Nigeria’s foremost development finance institution, said it has provided funding to more than one million businesses across the country and disbursed over N1.27tn between 2023 and 2025. The institution operates across 34 states and the Federal Capital Territory and is jointly owned by the Ministry of Finance Incorporated and the Central Bank of Nigeria.
The bank also highlighted its financial performance, reporting a 36 per cent compound annual growth rate in gross earnings between 2021 and 2025.
Interest income rose 64 per cent to N884bn in 2025 from N538bn in the previous year, while its capital adequacy ratio stood at 39 per cent, nearly four times the regulatory minimum of 10 per cent. Its non-performing loan ratio was 1.7 per cent, below the CBN’s prudential limit of five per cent.
The bond has been assigned AAA ratings by Agusto & Co. and Intelligence Africa, reflecting the issuer’s strong capitalization, profitability, liquidity and ownership structure.
The issuance is open to institutional and qualified investors with a minimum subscription of N5m and additional investments in multiples of N1m. Interest will be paid semi-annually at a fixed rate, while principal repayment will begin in the third year through equal semi-annual amortised instalments until maturity in 2031.
The bond is also exempt from tax, making it an attractive investment option for investors seeking stable returns amid expectations of declining interest rates.
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