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Dissecting CBN’s Cashless Programme In A Cash-Oriented Society

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In 2012, when the Central Bank of Nigeria [CBN] introduced the cashless policy, the crux of the objectives was to encourage more electronic-based transactions for payments of goods, services, and transfers, etc.

Between 2012 and now, come one say if the policy has achieved these objectives? Has the CBN encouraged more electronic-based transactions for payments of goods, services and transfer? Is there an answer in the CBN’s e-collection platform, a solution that allows electronic collection of government fees, taxes and custom duties, which equally let government agencies exploit the full capabilities of the technology to transform its services to the public?

The digitization of collection process may have served the CBN as a means to achieve its cardinal objective, which is to engender a cashless environment.

According to Director, Banking and Payments System of the CBN, Dipo Fatokun in a report, the cashless policy drive development and modernization of CBN’s payment system in line with Nigeria’s vision 2020 goal of being amongst the top 20 economies by the year 2020.

The cashless policy, he concurred, is designed to reduce, “not eliminate the amount of physical cash” circulating in the economy, while encouraging more electronic-based transactions.

The CBN director agreed that the cashless policy has reduced the cost of banking services including cost of credit and drives financial inclusion by providing efficient transaction options and greater reach, and improves the effectiveness of monetary policy in managing inflation and driving economic growth.

However, has this policy driven financial inclusion, reduce high security and safety risks, facilitate the growth of e-commerce, foster transparency and curb corruption/leakages?

To answer these questions, let us dissect how the policy has affected banking, corporations, government and the banking public.

For the banks, again let us turn to Fatokun, the policy has enhanced profit and income line, reduced risk of cash related attacks, reconciliation and tracking of transactions and payments.

It has opened efficient and effective means of processing transactions on e-channels thereby reducing cost of operations such as cash handling and other associated cost of dealing with cash transactions.

For corporations, research shows that the policy has given the corporations faster access to needed capital, reduced revenue leakage and reduced cash handling cost.

With the myriads of e-channels installed, a corporation can easily make bulk payment across multiple banks in real time.

Added to that, accounts reconciliation, which is described as a “monster” by MD/CEO, PFS the company behind the cheque truncation regime, Yele Okeremi, is now being nip in the bud.

For bank consumers, the CBN cashless policy has increased convenience, cheaper access to (out-of-branch) banking services and access to credit.

This is debatable: my company approached a bank for an overdraft. The bank asked for collateral that is above the overdraft.

In short, the bank did not grant the over draft because our company did not produce the collateral. Case closed.

The policy, according to the CBN, has reduced over-all cost of handling cash and risk of cash related crimes.

This is accurate: Most bank customers have now adjusted to making payments using e-channels such as card, PoS, online and mobile banking as well as ATM for cash withdrawal.

Besides, bulk payment across multiple bank accounts is now possible. With a mobile app installed on my smart phone, I regularly make payments to friends and siblings without visiting the banking hall. Making payment with the PoS is catching on but it can be better.

Paying for good on e-commerce sites in Nigeria is now trending. Booking hotel room, buying air ticket is now a fad.       

For government, the policy has brought firmer grip on monetary policy and its attendant effects on inflation and economic stability, greater financial inclusion, increased economic development and transparent tax collection.

It has also increased internally generated revenue [IGR]. The success stories of increased IGR by some state governments such as Lagos would include the introduction of the Lagos State Government Electronic Banking system of Revenue Cycle Management (LASG EBS-RCM) with the Direct Bank Lodgment System (DBLS) of the revenue collection process in 2002.

IGR has grown annually at an average of 6%.

After the pilot of the cashless policy in 2012, IGR grew by 10%.

In Ogun State, which introduced a cashless pilot scheme in 11 state-owned tertiary institutions in response to revenue leakages, witnessed increase in revenues in 2012 to the tune of N2.5billion, which is 195% increase from reported revenues in first quarter of 2011 without an increase in fees.

However, to plug loopholes in the Federal Government revenue collection system and enthrone a new regime of transparent and accountable IGR management, the Office of Accountant General of the Federation [OAGF] has created Government Integrated Financial Management Information System [GIFMIS] in association with Remita, the asset of SystemSpecs, which is the CBN payment gateway.

This is done in collaboration with Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) and other electronic collection channels like cards, PoS, ATMs, mobile wallets.

This, too, is in line with the CBN e-payment policy.

With GIFMIS, all government payments are now routed to the CBN Payment Gateway for onward payment into beneficiary’s accounts.

This indicates that all 700 ministries, directorates and agencies [MDAs] are involved directly in this set up. Meanwhile, the Payment Gateway, hosted by Remita, is connected with the CBN T24 banking application and GIFMIS solution for an end-to-end automation of payment and collection processes of federal government.

The CBN policy has enthroned a new regime of transparency in the allocation of funds, as the budgets of all 700 MDAs is handed over to individual management, separate from that of the supervising ministry.

As it stands MDAs cannot spend beyond the approved budget. If you understand what operates in the MDAs environment, cash is king.

The CBN has successfully eliminated cash and enthroned e-collection and e-payment. Through this process, the government has already saved over N500 billion. One wonders who were the beneficiaries of this N500 billion?

Anyway, the journey is still far, the road tortuous. From the above, could one clearly say that the CBN has created a cashless environment in a cash-minded Nigeria?

Has the CBN encouraged more electronic-based transactions for payments of goods, services and funds transfer in Nigeria?

Rarzack Olaegbe works with eMaginations, with baise for electronic payments, based in Lagos


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E-Financial

NGX Gives Securties Firm 10 Days to Resolve Theft, Forgery Allegations

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NGX Regulation Limited has given a 10 working-day ultimatum to Global Assets Management Limited, a securities company, to resolve the allegations of alleged forgery, theft, diversion of proceeds, and possibly money laundering leveled against it by Mr Kolawole Oladapo Adesina, a complainant.

Adesina had alleged that shares belonging to him and Emmanuel Olanipekun Adesina, his late father, from different companies were stolen and proceeds diverted to unknown persons.

In the same vein, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) also launched investigations into the same complaints against the same securities company.

NGX Regulation, is a wholly owned subsidiary of Nigerian Exchange Group (NGX group) committed to promoting just and equitable principles of trade and sound business practices in the Nigerian capital market by strictly enforcing clients’ listing and trading rules in accordance with global best practices.

Its activities seek to promote the integrity, transparency and efficiency of our market, ensuring that the standards set are effective in maintaining a fair and orderly market where investors are adequately protected.

In a letter with reference number NGXRECO/MRIVG/7160/1/26, signed by Chinedu Akamaka, Head, Market Regulation, the regulatory body acknowledged the petition of the complainant and stated that “In line with rule 5(4) of the Securities and Exchange Commission’s (SEC) rules on Complaints Management Framework of the Nigerian Capital Market 2015, your firm is required to solve this complaint within ten(10) working days and forward a report on resolution or non resolution. Your report should reach NGX Regco not later than 30 January 2026”.

SEC, in its own letter dated January 7, 2026 and signed by Mr John Abel Briggs, the Head, Lagos Zonal Office stated that while acknowledging Adesina’s petition, it has commenced investigations into the matter.

“Please be informed that we have commenced investigations by seeking Global Assets Management Limited, CSCS, and NGX to investigate the allegations in line with the Complaint Management Framework of the Nigerian Capital Market (NCM).

The company in the eyes of the storm, Global Assets, has however denied any wrongdoing in its reply addressed to NGX Regulation and signed by Sir Babatunde Sobamowo, managing director,  saying the allegations were unfounded.

Adesina, still smarting from the shocking revelation that his father, Prince Emmanuel Olanipekun Adesina, a late Banker with the United Bank of Africa (UBA) who allegedly died intestate did not,  but has a will.

He’s currently battling to have the will read at the Probate Registry of the High Court of Lagos State, Ikeja Judicial Division.

In the many shocking revelations while going through his parents’ documents, he discovered many shares his father had bought for him since the time of his youth.

Most of these shares, and that of his father, has disappeared without a trace, only relying on the father’s documentation to trace them.

In a 15 paragraph affidavit he deposed to and filed at the registry of the Ikeja High Court, which formed his petition before SEC, the complainant narrated his ordeal this:

“I am the beneficial owner of securities and investments held with Global Asset Management Limited under account number 23278460(old account number A0457245) and Clearing House No C4928105AN. I have held the investments registered in my name since my childhood, acquired and maintained by my late father for my benefit.

My late father, whose particulars I can provide on request, purchased shareholdings  in my name up to and including the date of his death on February 21, 2006.

I did not authorize any sale of the Securities held in my account and have never knowingly sold any holdings in that account;

“On or about August 25,2022 when I attended the offices of Global Assets Management to effect a sale of certain securities to raise funds, I was provided with documentation and account records indicating that a substantial (and in some cases total) portion of my securities had already been sold and the sale proceeds diverted.

“No such sale had been authorized by me and no proceeds of such alleged sale were paid to me or credited to the account records held by Global Assets in my name;

“Upon inspection of the physical file and documents in my possession and in the custody of Global Assets Management, I discovered numerous stock transfers, notes on sale and other documents bearing my signature which I did not sign. I verily believe that the said signatures are forged”.

With this discovery, Adesina directed his lawyers, Pich Solicitors, to write a letter of demand to the company requesting production of all documents and materials relating to his account from February 21, 2006 till date. The company however failed to comply. He therefore urges SEC to compel the company to produce the documents and other materials requested. He fears if it’s not compelled, the company may alter, delete, or otherwise fail to preserve records relevant to the matters that are subject of his complaint.

Adesina exhibited over 10 documents to support his complaint which include copies of his account statements, copies of stock transfers bearing alleged forged signatures, CSCS certificate/ deposit forms relating to his holdings, sales contract notes and transaction confirmations, CSCS printout on stocks held in his name, dividend statements and dividend warrants in his name, copies of his share certificates in Berger Paints Nigeria Plc, Nigerian Bottling Company Plc, Grammac Industries Plc, and West African Portland Cement Plc. “I unequivocally and verily believe that the exhibits listed are materials relevant to the issues raised in this application and that they substantiate the allegations of unauthorized sales, forged signatures,and diversion of sales proceeds”, he averred.

Adesina’s petition was copied to the Chairman of Global Assets Management, Dr S.T.V Adegbite and all other directors of the company. It’s also copied to DG SEC, CEO, Nigerian Exchange Group, MD, Central Securities Clearing System Plc(CSCS), The Chairman, Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC), Director, Nigerian Financial Intelligence Unit(NFIU), and Commissioner of Police, Force CID(Financial Crimes Unit).

In its response addressed to NGX Regulation, Global Assets Management Limited described all the allegations as unfounded. “In compliance with our regulatory obligations, we have carefully reviewed the allegations contained in the petition and hereby provide our response, addressing each issue raised by the petitioner sequentially and supported by relevant documentation”, the response stated.

The company explained that their real client was the petitioner’s mother, late Mrs Frances Omorolaun Adesina. “Our professional relationship with her spanned several years during which she conducted securities transactions through our firm until her demise. At no time prior to her death did the petitioner operate the relevant account independently or maintain a separate trading mandate with GAM”, it stated.

GAM maintained that its first formal interaction with the petitioner occured through his lawyer, Pich Solicitors, requesting information relating to the state of the petitioner’s father. Subsequently the petitioner personally visited and was availed with a CSCS statement relating to his account and a KYC update form which the petitioner never returned.

The company stated further: “According to records obtained directly from CSCS,  the only securities credited to the petitioner’s account were deposited on September 15, 2009, three years after the death of his father in 2006. We are unable, and not required to determine whether the shares were purchased by his late father or late mother. However the records show that no securities were deposited into the petitioner’s account in 2006 or earlier. Only three securities were deposited through GAM”.

The company also listed as exhibits documents which includes a duly executed sale order form dated April 4, 2014, Statement of account of the late mother, copy of cheque, letter of authority dated January 11, 2014 signed by the petitioner and his sister authorizing their late mother to transact on matters relating to their father’s estate, and GAM bank statement confirming payment of the proceeds to the named beneficiary.

However, there seems to be discrepancies in the signature tendered by both parties as they did not correspond. SEC will therefore determine which one is genuine and having regard to the power of a parent to trade on an adult child securities without proper consent.

 

Credit… The Nation

 


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KongaPay K-Save Users Save over N3.2Bn

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KongaPay has announced that users have collectively saved more than N3.2 billion through its K-Save product, an outstanding milestone in Nigeria’s fast-evolving digital finance landscape.

K-Save, KongaPay’s savings feature, allows users to set aside funds seamlessly within the Konga ecosystem, combining ease of access with automated savings habits.

As inflation continues to erode disposable income, digital savings products like K-Save are emerging as practical instruments for everyday financial resilience.

Industry analysts note that such platforms play a growing role in Nigeria’s broader financial inclusion agenda, particularly among young professionals, informal sector workers, and digitally native consumers who may be underserved by traditional banking models.

KongaPay described the achievement as a community-driven milestone, crediting users for consistently committing to savings goals despite macroeconomic headwinds.

The company said the ₦3.2 billion saved so far represents thousands of individual financial journeys, ranging from emergency funds and education plans to business capital and long-term wealth building.

With Nigeria’s fintech sector increasingly focused on deposits, savings, and wealth management, beyond payments alone, the K-Save milestone positions KongaPay as an active participant in shaping consumer savings behaviour in the digital economy.

As competition intensifies across fintech savings products, platforms that combine trust, accessibility, and tangible value are expected to capture a growing share of Nigeria’s expanding digital finance market.


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How Crypto Criminals Stole $700m from People – often Using Age-Old Tricks

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There’s something uniquely agonising about having your cryptocurrency stolen. All transactions are recorded in a digital ledger, known as a blockchain, so even if someone takes your money and puts it in their own crypto wallet, it remains visible online.

How Crypto Criminals Stole $700m from People – often Using Age-Old Tricks

“You can see your money there on the public blockchain, but there’s nothing you can do to get it back,” says Helen, who lost around $315,000 (£250,000) to thieves.

She likens it to watching a burglar pile up your prized possessions on the other side of an impassable chasm.

For seven years, Helen and her husband Richard (not his real name), both UK residents, had been buying and stacking up crypto coins called Cardano.

They liked the idea of investing in a digital asset that had the potential to rise dramatically in value, unlike funds saved in more conventional ways. They knew it was riskier, but they were careful to keep their digital keys safe.

But somehow hackers got into their cloud storage account, where they kept information about their crypto wallets and how to access them.

In February 2024, after a small test transfer, the criminals swiftly and silently transferred all the couple’s coins to their own digital wallets.

The couple then watched for months as their money was moved from one wallet to another, powerless to do anything. (The inherent contradiction with cryptocurrency is that all transactions are publicly trackable, but users can be publicly untraceable if they choose.)

Helen and Richard are not wealthy. She is a personal assistant, he is a composer, and they had high hopes for their Cardano investments.

“We’d been buying these coins for so long… We used every scrap of money we could find to buy more,” says Richard. “Aside from my parents’ deaths, this theft is the worst thing to happen to me.”

Ever since, Helen has been on a mission to recover their money. She obtained detailed reports from various police forces and the Cardano developers. Now, even though she has the criminals’ wallet addresses, there is nothing anyone can do to unmask them.

Their plan is to save up enough to engage private investigators to try to trace the hackers.

“It leaves you with a feeling of helplessness,” she says, “but I am going to keep trying.

An explosion in crypto crime

A survey carried out for the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) in August 2024, suggested that approximately 12% of British adults owned crypto-assets – equivalent to about seven million people.

Globally, it has been estimated that 560 million people are now crypto owners. But as ownership rose, so did theft. The pandemic ushered in a surge in the value of crypto coins and, with it, an explosion in attacks on the industry.

And 2025 was another bumper year for crypto criminals, with total thefts standing at more than $3.4bn (£2.5bn), according to investigators at blockchain analysis firm Chainalysis. The annual figure has remained in the same ballpark since 2020.

Most of the money is being stolen through massive cyberattacks on crypto companies. For example, North Korean hackers swiped $1.5bn (£1.1bn) from crypto exchange Bybit in February 2025.

The losses in this case and the vast majority of others are covered by the deep-pocketed crypto firms, with little impact on individuals. But 2025 also saw an increase in the number of attacks on individual crypto investors.

Chainalysis research says these individual attacks rose from 40,000 in 2022 to 80,000 last year.

Hacking, scamming or coercing of individuals accounted for an estimated 20% of all crypto value stolen – estimated at $713m (£532m).

But the company adds that the number could be far higher, as not all victims will choose to report thefts publicly. When this happens, you could be left on your own.

Many thefts or scams in traditional finance are covered by banks or card companies. In the UK, you can complain to the Financial Ombudsman Service and may be compensated by the Financial Services Compensation Scheme.

“Crypto remains largely unregulated in the UK and high-risk,” says the FCA. “If something goes wrong, it is unlikely you will be protected so you should be prepared to lose all your money.”

A stark reminder of this comes if you search online for “Binance account hacked” – Binance is the world’s largest crypto exchange with a reported 1.4m UK users – but the page on its website offering advice to victims of theft is blocked in the UK.

The company has not been accepting new UK clients since 2023 because it is not authorised by the FCA to operate. Yet criminals don’t care where victims are, and people are being targeted all over the world indiscriminately.

Chainalysis has described these attacks on individuals as the “under-documented frontier for crypto crime”.

They put the volume of crimes down to the number of people entering the crypto world as investors, as the value of coins has risen, and argue that improved security practices at major services could have pushed “attackers toward individuals perceived as easier targets”.

Then there is the fact that the more crypto you hold and the more public you are about it, the more likely you are to be targeted – small-time holders (or hodlers, as the community calls them) are far less likely to be affected.

Burglaries, muggings and ‘wrench attacks’

As for the thieves, they could be anywhere.

In October, blockchain researchers from Elliptic, a crypto analysis company, warned that North Korean state-sponsored hackers are increasingly targeting wealthy cryptocurrency owners. There are plenty of young scammers and hackers from other countries, too.

In December in the US, 22-year-old Evan Tangeman pleaded guilty to being part of a group of crypto thieves calling themselves the Social Engineering Enterprise, who are accused of stealing more than $260m (£194m) between October 2023 and May 2025.

Prosecutors allege they targeted the crypto-rich using hacked databases, tricking victims into thinking they were cryptocurrency exchanges, and persuading them to transfer coins.

Members of the gang, who were all young men mostly in the US, are said to have spent the stolen coins on private jets, expensive cars and luxury handbags that they would give away at nightclubs.

In some cases, prosecutors say, the gang organised home break-ins to steal hardware containing the keys to crypto stashes.

Burglaries and muggings have become so common that there is now a term for them in the crypto community – “wrench attacks” – so called because criminals have been known to threaten victims with spanners.

Last April, crypto criminals in Spain tried to force a man and woman to part with their cryptocurrency.

Spanish police said the man was shot in the leg and he, along with his partner, were held captive for several hours while the criminals tried to access their crypto wallets. Eventually, the woman was released, but her partner remained missing, with his body later found in woodland.

Five people were arrested in Spain in connection with the case, while four others in Denmark were charged.

There have been several similar cases in France, including one when an attempted kidnap was captured on video.

Source.. BBC


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