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Governance in The Industry 4.0 Epoch

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Rimini Haraya Makama
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Since Davos in January, I haven’t had a meeting where the 4th Industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) hasn’t been mentioned in one form or the other.

The revolutionary hot topic heralding Industry 4.0 is cloud computing, which comes in theprivate and public cloudforms. What is this wonder called “cloud”? In very simple terms,it is a network of remote servers hosted on the internet and used to store, manage, and process data.

In other words, it is internet virtual based computing that is available on demand and allows you to consume as you need.

The easiest example is what you use every day like your email, productivity services, CRM (Customer Relationship Management) tools, cloud based data storage for documents etc.

These are integrated into daily life one way or the other and there is no avoiding it. This points to the obvious fact that technology is ubiquitous, itis increasing playing a role in everything we do – shaping growth, and providing the catalyst for governance, thus taking advantage of it is the key to innovation and growth.

Computing has been with us for fifty-one years through four distinct eras; the mainframe era heralded the beginning of computing and was characterized by large machines often housed in warehouses and not unlike datacentres now; the PC era in the 80’s, then eventually in the 90’s, the internet era which made information easily accessible to millions round the world; lastly, we have the cloud and mobile era which we happen to live in now.

This cloud and mobile era comes with new concerns, uncertainty and questions around regulation and laws. History has shown us that technology will always evolve faster than law thus governments around the world struggle understandable to regulate technology and strike a balance between allowing innovation and protecting its citizens from any perceived threats this undiscovered terrain may bring.

In 2011, the U.S. government, announced a national “cloud-first” policy aimed at encouraging rapid implementation of cloud technologies by the federal government. Three years ago, the U.K. launched its own cloud-first initiative. These are great examples but to be honest we expect the US and UK to be early adopters of most technology so this isn’t surprising. Cloud adoption by other governments around the world is still relatively slow.

There are numerous reasons ranging from budget to lack of expertise but as mentioned before, trust is probably the most outstanding issue, the belief that cloud environments create unexplored new risks and raise new security issues.

At Microsoft, we understand these fears which is why we have four guiding principles: Security: We will protect your data, Privacy: You control the privacy of your data i.e. who has access to it and where it resides, Compliance: We comply to the highest standards and certifications, and finally, Transparency i.e. we will let you know what is happening to your data, for example if there is a law enforcement request for your data – you will be informed.  In other words, Microsoft runs on trust.

With time, we hope this resistance will begin to ease as more governments recognize that moving to the cloud does not mean losing control of data privacy and security, rather it facilitates governance.  A great example of how cloud technology can change lives can be found in Nanyuki, Kenya— a small town in Nairobi. Like a lot of African villages internet connectivity is an issue and sometimes requires using the ‘one’ internet café.

Mawingu Networks (Mawingu means cloud in swahilli) a local startup leverages technology by taking advantage of underutilized television broadcast spectrum popularly known as TV white spaces to provide low-cost internet access to residents of Nanyuki and the surrounding countryside.

In its first three years, Mawingu achieved remarkable success – it connected the county government office, county library, a Red Cross office, and a medical clinic via the internet, thereby improving access to public services and healthcare.

Mawingu also provides unlimited internet access for $3 a month to the community. Farmers use it to compare market prices for their produce, students for their assignments and young entrepreneurs looking for new markets outside of Kenya to grow their businesses.

Another case study for government cloud adoption is the municipality of Hollands Kroon, a town of about 50,000 people in northern Netherlands which was established in 2012.

A few years ago, the city embarked on a mission to become the world’s first city to run 100 percent of its IT services in the cloud. Using cloud technology made it possible for its citizens to engage more fully with the government, and it made interactions much more transparent.

For example, Holland Kroon developed a mobile app for the city with a technology partner. The app allows citizens to use their mobile phones to take pictures of any problems they see in a public space e.g. vandalized buildings or graffiti on a wall—and submit it to the city.

The issue is routed to the proper department for handling and the citizen can track the progress of the issue online from submission all the way through completion. A clear value chain of responsibility for civic duty, trust in the government to proffera solution, accountability and transparency has been enabled by the cloud.

The cloud has many advantages but the question now becomes; with its introduction, will owning and maintaining your own IT infrastructure on your own facility or premise (On-prem) become obsolete? Especially as most developing countries’ government and organizations still use servers on-prem? On the contrary, on- premsolutions will still be a key player in enterprise for years to come especially when dealing with classified data and can always be utilized for private clouds.

Microsoft for example has a private cloud version of the Azure public cloud solution called ‘Azure Pack’ – this solution manages on-prem assets in the same way as it is managed in the public cloud thereby guarantying flexibility in resource allocation and improved economies of scale. It also allows you the option to seamless switch to public cloud.

Analyst firm IDC estimates that global spending on public cloud services will reach $141 billion by 2019 and that by 2020, Clouds will stop being referred to as ‘public’ and ‘private’. It will simply be the way business is done and IT is provisioned. Gartner estimates that commercial cloud spending will reach $200 billion in 2016.

The German government is adapting a ‘high tech’ strategy to prepare for the new world order and is investing 40 billion Euros annually in internet infrastructure. The United States also established the Industrial Internet Consortium in 2014 to accelerate the development, adoption, and wide-spread use of interconnected machines, devices and intelligent analytics.

The Cloud is coming and its benefits are too many to ignore– but governments and nations must be ready to take advantage of it, prepare for it carefully and more importantly not be left behind in industry 4.0.

Rimini Haraya Makama is the Corporate Affairs Director at Microsoft Nigeria.


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AU Sees AI Adoption Evolving to Boost Economic Growth in Africa

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Africa’s financial services sector is entering a new era of artificial general intelligence (AGI), as the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) on the continent evolves to boost economic growth.

This was the word from Lavina Ramkissoon, ambassador representing the African Union for the East, North and South of the continent, speaking last week during the Financial Sector Conduct Authority Conference 2026.

As AI rapidly evolves beyond current frameworks, Africa faces a narrowing window to define its role in what could become a radically different global economic order, she said.

Ramkissoon co-chairs the African Union’s Science, Research, Technology and Innovation Council and leads its “sixth region” diaspora portfolio.

AGI refers to AI that matches human intelligence, capable of learning, reasoning and applying knowledge across diverse domains, while ASI is a theoretical, future AI that surpasses human intelligence across all fields.

Ramkissoon cautioned the global AI trajectory is already shifting beyond human and machine collaboration toward far more advanced forms of intelligence.

“In my opinion, we’ve quickly moved away from human agency, we’ve moved away from AI agency, and we’re getting into a space where we’re going to see AGI unfold − but not really know that it’s unfolding.”

She noted that this transition could be subtle at first, with only limited signals before a more dramatic leap.

“There’s going to be one or two key signs… and then all of a sudden, we’re going to wake up and see ASI around in terms of superintelligence.”

This progression, she suggested, raises fundamental questions about control and governance.

Rather than focusing purely on technological capability, Ramkissoon argued that societies must confront how much decision-making power they are willing to relinquish.

“From a human perspective, we’re going to have to dig deep in terms of understanding where to next and what sort of control we are willing to give away or negotiate going forward.”

Beyond the technological shift, she emphasised that Africa’s response must be grounded in structural readiness. Responsible AI at scale, she said, depends on three core pillars: infrastructure, computational capacity and a broader understanding of intelligence itself.

On infrastructure, Ramkissoon highlighted the need for interoperability rather than isolated systems, noting that Africa’s financial and digital ecosystems remain fragmented.

“For some reason, we haven’t been able to orchestrate it in a unified manner. This is probably our last opportunity to utilise AI to gauge that.”

She also challenged assumptions around compute capacity, arguing that the continent does not yet require widespread investment in large-scale data centres.

“Our utilisation of AI isn’t at that capacity yet. Running things like language models or robo-advisors are still relatively menial when we talk about the larger capacity required.”

More fundamentally, Ramkissoon pointed to a shift in how intelligence itself is defined and used in the digital economy.

“Intelligence is intelligence. Distinctions between human and artificial intelligence are becoming less relevant as the two increasingly converge.”

This shift is already reshaping economic thinking. Ramkissoon described the emergence of what she called a “new age economy”, where traditional drivers are being replaced.

“It no longer functions on the cost of capital, but is moving towards the cost of energy, the cost of data and the cost of intelligence.”

She also pointed to growing divergence in how global technology players are approaching AI, with some pushing for rapid expansion of capabilities, while others advocate for constraint.

Within the African continent, more than 60% of countries had adopted some form of AI policy or regulatory framework as of 18 months ago, with different regions beginning to take distinct approaches.

However, the continent risks falling behind if it fails to articulate a unified vision and take advantage of the full potential of AI, she stated.

“As much as we understand the opportunity, what are we actually tangibly doing on the ground to unlock that?” she asked, pointing to persistent challenges such as unemployment and low economic growth.

While AI is already reshaping labour markets globally, Ramkissoon cautioned against framing the issue purely in terms of job losses.

“We focus on fear more than optimism. AI is creating jobs and removing jobs at the same time.”

Instead, she called for a broader, long-term perspective that moves beyond short-term disruption toward strategic positioning.

“We really need to zone out and have a macro view. Without that, Africa risks missing a critical moment in shaping its digital and economic future as AI capabilities accelerate toward increasingly autonomous and potentially uncontrollable systems.”


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Qualified Cybersecurity Staff Shortage Among Key Obstacles in Curbing Supply Chain Risks

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A new global Kaspersky study has identified the lack of qualified IT security workers and the need for global organisations to prioritise various security tasks to mitigate the risk of supply chain and trusted relationship attacks. Both factors are cited by nearly half (42%) of the respondents.

Kaspersky’s recent study* on supply chain and trusted relationship risks showed that supply chain attacks have emerged as a top threat for businesses, with every third organisation hit by such an attack over the past year.

The severity and frequency of supply chain attacks necessitate uncovering the key reasons preventing them from addressing the risks successfully.

According to the survey, one of the key barriers to reducing supply chain and trusted relationship risks is the lack of a qualified workforce. This shortage leaves organisations without the capacity to consistently access and monitor possible third-party vulnerabilities across their ecosystems.

Among other primary obstacles, respondents noted the need to juggle multiple cybersecurity priorities. This reflects the fact that security teams are stretched across too many tasks at once, which might leave supply chain threats unaddressed.

Beyond resource constraints, respondents also point to structural issues: 39% say their contracts lack clear IT security obligations for contractors. Further 32% note that non‑IT security staff often do not fully understand these risks.

Globally, according to the survey, an overwhelming 85% of businesses admit their organisations need to upgrade protection against supply chain and trusted relationship risks, with only 15% of enterprises considering their current security measures effective.

At the same time, the results of the survey showed that current mitigation practices for third-party risks remain fragmented, with no way of protection getting more than 40% of current adopters. Even the most common protective measure, two-factor authentication, is used by only 38% of respondents.

In addition, only 35% of organisations conduct regular reviews of contractors’ cybersecurity postures. As a result, nearly two thirds of businesses lack ongoing visibility into the security of their partners, leaving them exposed to evolving vulnerabilities across their ecosystems.

It’s noteworthy that companies that have already experienced supply chain and trusted relationship attacks tend to adopt stronger security habits. Those hit by supply chain incidents are more likely to request penetration test results (56%), while victims of trusted relationship breaches prioritise checks on compliance with industry standards (56%) and their contractors’ own supply chain policies (53%).

“When security teams are overstretched, understaffed and have to prioritise urgent tasks over long term resilience priorities, organisations are left exposed to threats that can move silently through their provider ecosystem.

“To break this cycle, the industry needs to adopt more unified and consistent mitigation strategies, from standardised contractor assessments to stronger cross‑team awareness. Supply chain security should become a shared, enforceable responsibility across the entire business network,” comments Sergey Soldatov, Head of Security Operations Center at Kaspersky.

Only by implementing preventive measures across the organisation and approaching partnerships with suppliers and contractors strategically can companies reduce supply chain risks and ensure the resilience of their business.

 


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Study Reveals 83% of Employees Stay Connected to Work During Time Off, Fuelling Digital Anxiety

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A new Kaspersky survey undertaken in the Middle East, Turkiye and Africa (META) region reveals that digital anxiety is becoming a defining feature of modern work culture, as employees don’t disconnect even during their free time and vacations.

According to the findings, 83% of respondents keep an eye on work tasks outside working hours. An overwhelming 85% reply to all work-related messages in instant messaging apps, while the same share (85%) check work emails during their time off – and 81% admit they are responding to work emails while on vacation or in their personal time.

The pressure to remain constantly available is contributing to heightened stress levels in the workplace. Other sources of stress include work issues, for example, 43% experience anxiety after accidentally sending a random message to a work chat.

Interestingly, not all digital mishaps are perceived equally: 40% report that they take it calmly when they send an unfinished email, proving that some mistakes are considered less damaging than others.

Blurred boundaries between professional and personal life, combined with instant communication tools, are intensifying feelings of constant monitoring and fear of making digital errors.

More than a third (36%) of respondents say they feel extremely uncomfortable or even scared if their boss notices them scrolling through social media at work instead of working. The “always-on” culture may undermine employee well-being, increase burnout risks, and reduce overall productivity in the long term.

“Digital anxiety doesn’t just affect employee well-being – it can also increase cybersecurity risks for organisations. When people feel constant pressure to respond immediately to messages and emails, they are more likely to act impulsively, without carefully verifying links, attachments, or sender identities.

This urgency can make employees more vulnerable to phishing, and other scams using social engineering techniques,” comments Brandon Muller, Technical Expert at Kaspersky.

Kaspersky recommends employees to follow the below tips to avoid digital anxiety and associated cyber risks:

  • Slow down before clicking or replying. Digital anxiety can trigger automatic reactions. A short pause to check sender details, URLs, or attachments can prevent security breaches.
  • Treat urgency as a red flag. Cybercriminals often exploit pressure and fear. Always verify unexpected or urgent requests before responding.
  • Avoid handling sensitive information on unsecured networks. Public Wi-Fi, often used when working outside regular hours, increases exposure to cyber threats. Mobile network and VPN should be applied in such cases.
  • Use technologies that will help reduce risks. For example, Kaspersky Premium offers AI-powered anti-phishing features designed to help warn of potential threats.

Businesses can reduce cybersecurity risks related to employees’ digital anxiety by providing regular cybersecurity training that helps staff recognise threats and respond correctly even under stress.

At the same time, organisations should use robust cybersecurity solutions to minimise the impact of human error. Kaspersky Next’s adaptable and robust cloud-native protection, underpinned by an unequalled cybersecurity track record, is one of such products.

Protection solutions for mail servers, such as Kaspersky Security for Mail Server, with anti-phishing capabilities, help to additionally decrease the chance of infection through a phishing email.


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