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How Insecurity Impacts Mobile Phone Subscription in Nigeria

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Boko Haram is clear and present danger
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Latest telecommunications special edition poll results released by NOIPolls Limited have revealed that a higher proportion of Nigerians use 2 phone lines either registered under one network provider or under two different ones.

This trend has been consistent from 2012 to 2014; however, a 5-point reduction in the proportion of Nigerians in this category was seen from 2012 to 2013 and 3-points increase in 2014.

An assessment of the mobile network used by Nigerians placed MTN as the highest used network in the past two years (2012-2013) and even in the present times; although subscription to this provider has consistently declined within this period.

According to the MTN group, this decline has been mainly due to ‘regulatory restrictions’ imposed by the telecoms watchdog and growing spate of unrest by Boko Haram especially in the Northern part of Nigeria.

Other Networks used by Nigerians in the order of higher subscribers include; Airtel (45%), Etisalat (33%), Glo (28%) and Visafone (1%).

In line with this, the proportion of Airtel subscribers which seemed steady from 2012 to 2013 at (39%), picked up by 6-points in 2014 (45%), thus, making it the only network that has seen a considerable growth in the proportion of its users.

This increase may have been driven by the discovery of the cheaper tariffs offered by this network compared with other networks. 

More findings on the usage of phone lines revealed a higher proportion of subscribers (76%) use MTN as their main line; this could have been as a result of a first mover advantage earned by this operator.

In addition, 15% of mobile network subscribers indicated Airtel as their main line, 5% indicated Glo, while 4% of subscribers use Etisalat as their main line.

An assessment of the services provided by network providers revealed that a higher proportion (64%) of mobile phone users across all networks are getting value for money from their main network provider through the ‘quality of network services’ (27%), ‘bonus offers’ (25%) and ‘cheaper tariff’  (23%) among others.

Furthermore, MTN ranks highest for providing best services in Nigeria in 2014, followed by Airtel and Etisalat (68%, 17% and 11% respectively) and to further improve the quality of services of Network providers, subscribers have suggested the ‘reduction of tariff’ (30%) as a measure for improving the quality of telecommunication services while capitalizing on ‘wider network coverage’ (22%) and ‘improved network services’ (22%).

These were some of the key findings from the Telecommunications snap poll conducted in the week of November 17th 2014.

At the dawn of the 21st century, mobile network providers were granted licenses to operate in Nigeria, hence, the introduction of the Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) which subsequently changed the frontage of telecommunications in Nigeria.

In the present times, figures obtained from Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC), reveals that the teledensity of the country’s telecommunications industry increased to 96.08 per cent in September, from the 90.78 per cent in March 2014 just as active lines in the nation’s telecommunications industry increased to 134,507,329 in September 2014.

Nigeria’s teledensity is currently calculated by NCC on a population of 130 million people.

Given this major breakthrough in the telecommunications industry, and with the competitive nature of the industry due to the advent of different players, ‘Quality of Service’ has been the major criteria for measuring the satisfaction of mobile network subscribers.

In line with Section 89 of the Nigerian Communications Act 2003 which mandates the Commission to monitor all significant matters relating to the performance of all licensed telecoms service providers, the Commission placed a ban on the sales of new SIM cards in March 2014 and on promotions or bonus offers on some mobile networks operators recently, following the failure of these operators to meet the various Quality of Service (QoS) Key Performance Indicators (KPIs).

Against this background, NOIPolls conducted it special edition poll on the telecommunications in Nigeria, to explore the current state of the sector from the perspective of consumers. The poll sought to measure the following:

Key Findings:

Respondents to the poll were asked ten specific questions; only 6 of these questions are discussed in this release. With the aim of assessing the usage of mobile phone lines in Nigeria, respondents were asked: How many phone lines do you currently use?

Findings from the current poll highlights that a higher proportion of Nigerians use 2 phone lines.

These lines could either be registered under one network provider or under two different ones.

The use of 2 or more lines could probably be driven by the need to overcome certain issues associated with mobile network which could range from accessibility to cost. In addition, 33% of Nigerians use one line, 17% use 3 lines, while 7% confirmed they use more than 3 lines.

The use of 2 phone lines seems like the norm across all geo-political zones, except for the North-West zone where the higher proportion of the residents use one phone line.

The North-East zone (33%: 22%+10%) and the South-West zone (31%: 23%+8%) accounted for the highest proportion of respondents who use 3 or more phone lines.

A 3-year trend analysis on the usage of phone lines in Nigeria revealed a consistent trend of 2 phone line usage by Nigerians from 2012 to 2014, however there was a 5-point reduction in the proportion of Nigerians in this category from 2012 to 2013 and 3-points increase in 2014.

More findings revealed that more residents from the North-East zone use more than 3 phone lines in 2014 compared with the past 2 years with a significant increase of 9-points from 2013 (1%) to 2014 (10%).

A view of the trend on phone usage across age-groups revealed that Nigerians within the age-group of 18-21 years have increasingly adapted the use of 2 phone lines over the years;  from 2012 where it was lowest to 2014 (41%) with the highest record.

This increase in this category of Nigerians has stimulated a drop in the use of 1 line by this age-group. On the other hand, respondents aged 61+ have continuously reduced the use of 3 or more lines to settle for the use of 1 to 2 lines from 2012 to 2014.

Subsequently, with the aim of exploring the mobile network providers used by Nigerians, respondents were asked: Which network provider(s) do you currently use?

Findings revealed that MTN is the highest used line as confirmed by the vast majority of respondents (91%); this is followed by Airtel (45%) and Etisalat (33%).  While 28% of Nigerians use Glo, only 1% of Nigerians use Visafone.

This finding validates the data of the Nigerian Communication Commission (NCC) which revealed the movement of Airtel Nigeria Limited up to the second place in terms of market share on the number of mobile subscribers on its network with MTN maintaining the first position.

Trend analysis on the network providers used by Nigerians from 2012 to 2014 depicts a consistent decline in the proportion of Nigerians who subscribe to MTN from 2012 to 2014 with a total decline of 4-points within this period.

According to the MTN group, this decline has been mainly due to ‘regulatory restrictions’ imposed by the telecoms watchdog and the growing spate of unrest by Boko Haram especially in the Northern part of Nigeria.

While a significant 10-point decline in the proportion of Glo subscribers from 2012 (38%) to 2013 (28%) was seen, there has been no difference in this category of subscribers since then. The same applies to Etisalat with an 8-point decline from 2012 (40%) to 2013 (32%) although a slight 1-point increase was recorded in 2014.

On the other hand, the proportion of Airtel subscribers which seemed steady from 2012 to 2013 at (39%), picked up by 6-points in 2014 (45%), thus, making it the only network that has seen a considerable growth in the proportion of its users, among other findings by NOIPolls.


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FG to Acquire Two Communications Satellite to Boost Digital Access

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Federal government is preparing for the acquisition of two new communication satellites as it advances a nationwide fibre-optic rollout.

Bosun Tijani, minister of communications, innovation, and digital economy, made the announcement during a press briefing in Abuja commemorating Global Privacy Day 2026, which was hosted by the Nigerian Data Protection Commission.

The minister said the national fibre-optic backbone, which is expected to cover 90,000 kilometres, is nearly 60% complete.

The project aims to expand high-capacity broadband across the country, reduce the cost of internet access and improve service quality for businesses, public institutions and households.

According to Tijani, the fibre rollout is central to the government’s digital economy strategy, providing physical infrastructure required for e-government services, digital financial inclusion, innovation hubs and private sector investment.

He added that extending fibre deeper into underserved areas would help narrow Nigeria’s persistent urban-rural connectivity divide.

Alongside the terrestrial network, the federal executive council has also approved the procurement of two additional communication satellites to strengthen Nigeria’s space-based communications capacity.

The satellites are expected to enhance broadband coverage in remote and hard-to-reach regions, support broadcasting and improve data resilience for critical national services.

Tijani emphasised the satellite investment will complement the fibre network by providing redundancy and last-mile connectivity where laying cables is commercially or geographically challenging.

The combined approach, he said, will make Nigeria’s digital infrastructure more resilient and inclusive and will particularly close long-standing connectivity gaps.

By expanding broadband access and modernising communications infrastructure, authorities believe Nigeria can unlock new opportunities across sectors including technology, education, healthcare and commerce.

The initiatives are being implemented amid efforts to attract private investment and improve policy coordination across federal and state agencies.

 


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NCC Removes 450 Illegal Signal Boosters, Reassigns Spectrum

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Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC) has removed over 450 illegal signal boosters deployed in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT).

NCC Removes 450 Illegal Signal Boosters, Reassigns Spectrum

Illegal signal boosters (also known as unauthorized, non-compliant, or rogue repeaters) are devices designed to amplify weak cell phone signals but are prohibited for use because they interfere with legitimate mobile network infrastructure, causing disruptions for others.

The NCC has also approved spectrum reassignments, socalled egulatory process of taking radio frequency spectrum that was previously assigned to one type of service or user and reallocating it for another, usually to support new technologies or more efficient usage.

All these are part of measures to improve telephone services in the country.

The NCC said its enforcement teams removed the illegal signal boosters across the FCT, noting that the devices degrade network quality in surrounding areas.

“Subsequent analysis indicates localised improvements in service quality, supported by crowd-sourced data, operator performance metrics and a decline in related consumer complaints.

“At least 70 network sites recorded measurable performance gains following booster removal. Engagements are ongoing with the Nigerian Customs Service (NCS) to prevent further importation of the devices,” the NCC stated.

The telecom regulator said to enhance spectrum efficiency and service delivery, it approved a series of spectrum trades and reassignments, including the reallocation of approximately 50 MHz of previously underutilised spectrum for immediate network expansion.

These measures, it said, have resulted in demonstrable improvements in network performance, as reflected in independent monthly reports since September 2025.

“In particular, the reassignment of an additional contiguous 10 MHz to Globacom contributed to an increase in its average 4G download speeds from 9.5 Mbps to approximately 15 Mbps by November/December 2025.

In terms of telecom infrastructure protection, NCC revealed that the ongoing operationalisation of the CNII Executive Order.

The Commission said it has adopted a structured, multi-layered approach to the implementation of the CNIL Executive Order within the telecommunications sector.

“This includes enforcing minimum compliance standards for infrastructure deployment, conducting nationwide public awareness campaigns, strengthening stakeholder collaboration, institutionalising mediation as a dispute resolution mechanism, and retaining enforcement as a necessary tool where required.

“In collaboration with the Office of the National Security Adviser, the Commission has convened engagements with the National Assembly, Judiciary, Federal Ministry of Works, State Attorneys-General, and the Nigeria Security and Civil Defence Corps, with plans to extend collaboration to State Ministries of Works,” it stated.

The Commission claimed that its mediation approach has led to successful interventions already recorded in Kogi, Bauchi, and Osun States.

The telecom regulator said it is currently collaborating with the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) on Failed Airtime/Data Top-Ups and Consumer Refunds.

The NCC stressed that it’s working jointly with the Central Bank of Nigeria, mobile network operators and financial service providers to address issues relating to failed airtime and data recharge transactions.

“Through this collaborative framework, mechanisms for transaction tracing, dispute resolution, and timely consumer refunds are being formalised. The initiative has already facilitated refunds exceeding N10 billion to affected consumers, contributing to enhanced confidence in digital payment channels,” it stated.

The NCC said, in collaboration with a joint industry committee, it continued to implement the Smarter Data Management Consumer Awareness Campaign.

The Commission said the campaign focuses on promoting efficient data usage, conservation practices, and behavioural adjustments aimed at reducing passive data consumption linked to increasing network speeds and device capabilities.

“Since inception, the campaign has coincided with a noticeable reduction in data depletion-related complaints and will remain active through 2026. Campaign materials are disseminated across multiple media platforms and in major languages spoken nationwide,” it stated.

The NCC informed that to further strengthen spectrum optimisation, service quality, and long-term network planning, the Commission has developed Nigeria’s first structured Spectrum Roadmap for the communications sector.

Through the roadmap, the NCC said it sets out strategic direction on spectrum utilisation, future assignments, refarming initiatives and flexible access models to support expanding connectivity, emerging technologies and improved consumer experience. It will also enhance the Commission’s capacity to proactively monitor utilisation, address persistent underuse, and implement targeted regulatory interventions.

According to it, public consultation on the draft has been concluded, and approval and issuance are expected following the next meeting of the Commission’s board.


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QNET’s Ethical Pivot: Reshaping Direct Selling for Nigeria’s 2026 Surge

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QNET
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As Nigeria faces rising youth unemployment and increasing scrutiny of informal business models, trust has become the defining currency of entrepreneurship.

QNET

Against this backdrop, QNET, a global wellness and lifestyle company, says it is repositioning ethical direct selling as part of the solution – not as a quick-income promise, but as a regulated, transparent pathway into micro-entrepreneurship – as it outlines its Nigeria-focused strategy heading into 2026.

With nearly three decades of experience in the wellness and lifestyle segment, QNET has operated in Nigeria through independent distributors and digital sales channels since 2021.

In recent years, regulators have intensified oversight of informal and semi-formal business models amid growing concerns around consumer protection, transparency, and fraud, reshaping expectations for how direct-selling companies operate in the country.

For Nigeria, where millions of young people rely on informal income streams, the distinction between legitimate direct selling and fraudulent schemes has become a policy and consumer-protection priority.

“Against this backdrop, QNET’s 2026 strategy for Nigeria will place integrity, strict regulatory compliance, and responsible stakeholder engagement at the centre of its operations.

“As the company adapts to tighter oversight and evolving market conditions, we believe ethical entrepreneurship must be anchored in transparency and accountability if it is to remain a credible pathway for economic participation, particularly for young Nigerians facing limited formal employment opportunities,” says Ayokunmi Solesi, General Manager for QNET in Nigeria.

At the core of QNET’s direct-selling model are product value, transparent compensation structures, and strict adherence to consumer protection standards, principles aligned with the global direct selling industry’s performance as reported in the WFDSA 2024 STATS Report, which showed the channel generating around $164 billion in retail sales and supporting more than 104 million independent representatives worldwide.

QNET’s model ensures that Independent Distributors (IDs) earn solely from verified product sales rather than recruitment-based incentives, reinforcing the distinction between legitimate direct selling and illicit schemes.

This distinction—earning from products rather than recruitment—is widely recognized by regulators as the primary line separating ethical direct selling from pyramid-style schemes.

By prioritizing verifiable product demand and transparent earnings, QNET supports sustainable income opportunities and professional skill development that contribute positively to Nigeria’s formal economy.

Product innovation remains a key pillar of QNET’s 2026 outlook in Nigeria. Through its partner Transblue Limited since 2022, the company has hosted workshops and expos, such as the 2025 Lagos Product Expo, to promote innovation and youth opportunities.

These events showcased certified wellness products while addressing misconceptions, with over 8,000 attendees at the Abuja edition alone.

QNET’s product portfolio spans health, wellness, personal care, home living & living. At the heart of its wellness category are the Amezcua range of products – including the Amezcua Bio Disc and Chi Pendant – which remain among the company’s most recognised offerings and are widely used for personal well-being and lifestyle optimisation.

Complementing these are timepieces and accessories under the Bernhard H. Mayer brand, including the OMNI Watch, which earned a Silver Stevie Award in 2025 for its sustainability-forward design.

Together, these products reflect QNET’s continued emphasis on certified wellness, durability, and long-term consumer value within Nigeria’s growing lifestyle and wellness market.

Beyond product innovation, consumer protection is expected to be a central pillar of QNET’s strategy, amid rising financial fraud in Nigeria. Building on recent advocacy and enforcement efforts, the company says it is expanding both preventive and defensive measures to safeguard consumers.

In an environment where financial fraud continues to undermine public trust, QNET says consumer education and institutional accountability must go hand in hand. The company’s “Say NO!” public awareness campaign, launched in 2023, focused on helping citizens identify fraudulent schemes through mass outreach and community engagement across Nigeria and other West African markets.

This effort was reinforced through structured collaboration with Nigerian authorities, including the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) and the Federal Competition and Consumer Protection Commission (FCCPC), aimed at disrupting impersonation networks and protecting the integrity of legitimate entrepreneurship.

Such measures place QNET among a small group of direct-selling firms in Nigeria publicly aligning enforcement, education, and regulator engagement as part of their operating model.

In addition to external advocacy, the company believes ethical direct selling must be enforced from within. Between 2022 and 2023, QNET suspended more than 80 distributor accounts across Sub-Saharan Africa for ethics violations, underscoring its zero-tolerance approach to misrepresentation and misconduct. Continuous monitoring of digital platforms for brand misuse further reflects QNET’s view that compliance is not a one-time response, but an ongoing responsibility essential to sustaining trust in the direct-selling sector.

Complementing these legal efforts are educational programmes, such as QNET’s signature financial literacy programme, FinGreen Programme, launched in 2022 in partnership with Transblue Limited, which has trained over 1,500 young people and women across Nigeria in budgeting, saving, responsible spending, and digital financial literacy skills to avoid exploitation.

Moving forward, QNET aims to strengthen its role in Nigeria’s formal economy by positioning ethical direct selling as a viable pathway for micro-entrepreneurship, income diversification, and skills development, particularly among young people navigating an increasingly competitive labour market.

As Nigeria’s gig economy matures under tighter regulation, QNET argues that the future of direct selling will be decided less by scale and more by trust—measured in transparency, consumer protection, and the economic literacy of those it empowers.


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