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Nigeria Tax Spat Reignites Federalism Debate
A legal battle between the federal government and states over sales tax is fueling fierce debate about federalism in the country as politicians jockey for position before 2023 elections.
The spat –- whether federal or state governments have the right to collect value-added tax (VAT) –- may be about money, and the sum at stake runs into billions of dollars.
According to AFP, but the squabble also reflects long-standing questions about how Nigeria is governed and how wealth is shared in the continent’s top oil producer.
How the dispute ends may open up more state autonomy, analysts say, as wealthier southern regions test federal management of issues from oil resources and security policing to cattle grazing rights.
In August, a court in southern Rivers State, Nigeria’s petroleum heartland, ruled states should be responsible for collecting VAT and not the Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS).
Ezenwo Nyesom Wike, Rivers State governor, a staunch opposition Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) leader, pushed through a law authorising local collection of VAT, warning FIRS against any “sabotage.”
Southern Lagos State, the nation’s economic powerhouse including the commercial capital Lagos, quickly followed with its own law to collect VAT.
After a federal government appeal, the dispute is caught up in competing demands, with Abuja considering a Supreme Court challenge.
Abubakar Malami, attorney general, last week told reporters that only the national assembly could legislate on how VAT is levied.
“The federal government is looking at all options at its disposal, including the possibility of involving the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court,” he said.
Under Nigeria’s system, FIRS collects VAT centrally and the resources are distributed across federal, state and local governments.
VAT receipts in 2020 were N1.5 trillion or $3.6 billion. Under the current system the federal government gets 15 percent, with the rest split between states and local governments.
But richer southern states like Lagos and Rivers — Lagos alone produces around half of Nigeria’s VAT — have long complained they end up paying for poorer states mostly in the agricultural north but also some southern ones.
They want more “fiscal federalism,” meaning getting a bigger share of the VAT they collect and more responsiblity to manage their own affairs.
“What we are after is to ensure that this money is used for the people of Lagos State, and that is exactly what we have achieved,” Setonji David, a Lagos assembly lawmaker, told Channels TV.
– ‘Restructuring’ Nigeria –
The “restructuring” debate often resurfaces during election times in Nigeria, which became a single entity under British colonial rule in 1914 when the mainly Muslim north was joined with the mostly Christian south.
Regional identities for Nigeria’s major ethnic groups are often fiercely guarded — sometimes with separatist rhetoric — even as the federal government promotes national unity.
“We will see more of these scenarios, where different constituent entities will try to assert more control economically using political means over what is extracted or generated from their territories,” SBM Intelligence analyst Tunde Ajileye said of the VAT fallout.
The tax debate is especially sensitive after the coronavirus pandemic that battered Nigeria’s oil revenues and pushed Africa’s largest economy into its second recession in five years.
During the pandemic, the federal government increased VAT from five percent to 7.5 percent, providing much-needed revenue.
Eurasia Group’s Amaka Anku said decentralisation of tax management is unlikely, as most states lack expertise or willingness.
“Outside Lagos and the federal capital territory (Abuja), states are likely to be negatively affected by a decentralization of VAT collection, making the proposition politically unfeasible.”
But the VAT fight also plays into the heated tones before the 2023 election to replace President Muhammadu Buhari, a northern Muslim in power since 2015.
– Election tensions –
Critics of Buhari say since he came to power he has favoured northeners in a way that has intensified calls for more autonomy for states and even calls for separatism by some southern agitators.
Officials of the All Progressives Congress’ ruling party dismiss such claims and point to government investments across north or south.
But mass kidnappings, attacks and insecurity have also prompted calls from some southern leaders to have control over their own security forces.
VAT has joined a list of disputes where southern and northern leaders appear to be digging in on rival sides.
One of those is “zoning” — an unofficial power-sharing deal that rotates the presidency between candidates from the north and the south.
After two terms with northern Buhari, many southern leaders want a president from their region. Many leaders from the north disagree.
But despite the squabbling, analysts say a compromise on VAT is the likely outcome.
“The good thing about this is there has not been a use of violence or rhetoric, it is more the use of the court process,” said SBM’s Ajileye.
“I expect there will be some political settlement ultimately.”
Nigerian Maritime Administration and Safety Agency (NIMASA) and the Bank of Industry (BOI) have initiated discussions on strategies for capacity building in the maritime industry.
Dr. Dayo Mobereola, Director General of NIMASA, represented by the Executive Director of Maritime Labour and Cabotage Services, Mr. Jibril Abba disclosed this during a visit by the management of the bank led by Executive Director of Large Enterprises, Mrs. Ifeoma Uz’Okpala.
Osagie Edward, the agency’s Head of Public Relations, said in a statement that in addition to safety, security and maritime labour, the agency’s mandate encompasses capacity development aimed at growing the sector.
Also, Mobereola explained that NIMASA’s commitment to collaboration was a vital tool for achieving its mandate.
He said: “The aim is to actualise the vision of the Federal Government to reposition the maritime sector, especially with the creation of the Ministry of Marine and Blue Economy.”
Also, Uz’Okpala affirmed the bank’s readiness to support NIMASA, emphasising the importance of collaboration in implementing a robust capacity-building initiative that would contribute to economic growth in Nigeria.
She noted: “Bank of Industry Limited is Nigeria’s oldest and largest Development Finance Institution (DFI) currently in operation. It is owned by the Ministry of Finance Incorporated (MOFI) Nigeria (94.80 per cent), the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) (5.19 per cent) and private shareholders (0.01 per cent).
The federal government’s aggregate receipt of the Value Added Tax (VAT) in Q2 2024, stood at N1.56 trillion, indicating a growth rate of 9.11 per cent on a quarter-on-quarter (QoQ) basis from N1.43 trillion in Q1 2024.
The figure represents a 99.82 per cent increase compared to the N781.35 billion collected in the corresponding quarter of last year.
According to numbers released by the Nigeria Bureau of Statistics (NBS), On a quarter-on-quarter basis, the Q2 VAT rose by 9.11 per cent from N1.43 trillion in Q1 2024.
The data showed that local VAT payments recorded were N792.58 billion, foreign VAT payments stood at N395.74 billion, while import VAT contributed N372.95 billion in Q2 2024.
Analysis of the NBS numbers showed that human health and social work activities recorded the highest growth rate with 98.44 per cent, followed by agriculture, forestry and fishing with 70.26 per cent, and water supply, sewerage, waste management and remediation activities with 59.75 per cent.
Contrarily, activities of households as employers, undifferentiated goods- and services-producing activities of households for own use had the lowest growth rate with –46.84 per cent, followed by real estate activities with –42.59 per cent.
In terms of sectoral contributions, the top three largest shares in Q2 2024 were manufacturing with 11.78 per cent; information and communication with 9.02 per cent; and mining and quarrying with 8.79 per cent.
“Nevertheless, activities of households as employers, undifferentiated goods- and services-producing activities of households for own use recorded the least share with 0.00 percent, followed by activities of extraterritorial organisations and bodies with 0.01 per cent; and water supply, sewerage, waste management and remediation activities with and Real Estate Services 0.04 per cent each.
“However, on a year-on-year basis, VAT collections in Q2 2024 increased by 99.82 per cent from Q2 2023,” NBS stated.
Partners for the eighth annual conference of the Guild of Corporate Online Publishers (GOCOP) have begun to emerge with the Nigerian Content Development and Monitoring Board (NCDMB), Emadeb Group and Dangote Group leading the train of partners for the event slated for Thursday, October 3, 2024 at the Reverton Hotel, GRA Lokoja, Kogi State.
The chairman of the 2024 Conference Planning Committee, Danlami Nmodu, mni, also listed other partners to include Nigeria Civil Aviation Authority (NCAA), Setraco Nigeria Limited, United Bank for Africa (UBA) and Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC), according to a statement by
GOCOP Publicity Secretary, Sir Remmy Nweke.
Nmodu was also quoted as saying that the eighth conference would center on the theme: “Nigeria: Tackling Insecurity, Power Deficit, and Transitioning to Digital Economy” and will hold on Thursday, October 3, 2024 from 10am. The keynote will be delivered by former governor of Cross River State, Senator Liyle Imoke.
Read Also: Imoke, Buratai, Maida, others to headline GOCOP 2024 conference in Kogi
Additional partners for 2024, he said, comprised the Nigerian Safety Investigation Bureau, Access Bank plc, Zenith Bank plc, First City Monument Bank (FCMB), Fidelity Bank plc, Sovereign Trust Insurance Plc (STI), Nigerians in Diaspora Commission (NIDCOM) and National Film and Video Censors Board (NFVCB).
A major highlight of this year’s conference, Nmodu said, is a business luncheon with GOCOP partners on Wednesday, 2 October, at the same venue, while the conference itself would hold on Thursday, October 3.
Nmodu noted that the 8th edition would be chaired by former Nigeria’s Ambassador to Spain, Alhaji Yusuf Mamman, with the former Nigerian Chief of Army Staff, Lt-General Tukur Yusuf Buratai (Retd) and the Executive Vice Chairman, Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC), Dr. Aminu Maida as Guest Speakers, while a Professor of Political Science at the Federal University Lokoja, Prof. Rotimi Ajayi and an edutainment communicator and veteran broadcaster, Ms Debrah M. Ogazuma are panellists.
Nmodu recalled that GOCOP conference 2023 was chaired by the JAMB Registrar and Chief Executive, Prof Ishaq Olarenwaju Oloyede, while the first Nigerian Professor of Capital Market, Prof. Uchenna Joseph Uwaleke was the keynote speaker.
Previous speakers at the annual conference consisted of Rev. Matthew Hassan Kukah, the Bishop of the Catholic Diocese of Sokoto who delivered the 2019 lecture on “Economy, Security and National Development: The Way Forward.”
In 2021, Mr. Boss Mustapha, Secretary to the Government of the Federation, keynoted the Conference in his capacity as Chairman of the Presidential Task Force on Covid-19. He spoke on: “Post Covid-19 Pandemic: Recovery and Reconstruction in Nigeria.”
In 2022, Professor Mahmood Yakubu, Chairman, Independent National Electoral Commission, delivered the keynote entitled “2023 Elections: Managing the Process for Credible Outcome.”
GOCOP was established to ensure that online publishers uphold the tenets of journalism.
Membership of the Guild is a constellation of editors and senior journalists who, having distinguished themselves in their various positions in the print and electronic media, ventured into online publishing which is both the present and future of journalism globally.
The Guild has over 104 corporate publishers as members.
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