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Nigerians Ignore EFCC Warnings, Invest Billions in MMM

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Fallen on difficult times amid the country’s first recession in decades, millions of Nigerians have turned to Mavrodi Mondial Moneybox (MMM), a Ponzi scheme with roots in Russia, which promises unreasonably high returns on investments, according to Quartz.

Originally set up in the late 1980s by Sergei Mavrodi, a Russian ex-convict, the scheme has become popular in Nigeria where it has operated for a year.

According to the Nigerian website, MMM is described as a “mutual aid fund where ordinary people help each other.”

Essentially, registered participants pledge and donate money to help other participants who request it and expect them to return the favour at a later date.

As a catch, the scheme promises 30% monthly returns for participants who donate.

Put another way, a participant who donates money is eligible to request for the amount donated plus 30% interest after a month. That request is then fulfilled by another participant.

Lagos-based economist, Tunji Andrews, likens it to a game of musical chairs. “Mr. A lends help to Mr. B, hoping that Mr. C pays him his own help before it crashes,” Andrews tell Quartz. “Now, knowing that it eventually will, every single payout, is paid for by those who get caught in, when the music stops.”

It seems a fairly obvious ruse. The website even states a warning: “There are no guarantees and promises! Neither explicit nor implicit,” it reads.

“And in general, you can lose all your money.” But that hasn’t stopped the 2.4 million Nigerians who are registered from participating.

For much of the past year, Nigeria has been stuck in a rot. Its economy, once regarded as one of the world’s fastest growing, is mired in a recession that shows no signs of abating.

IMF forecasts the economy to contract by -1.7% this year. Inflation has also hit an 11-year high with prices of goods inching up every month.

As a result, times are incredibly difficult for many Nigerians. With investors pulling out and businesses shutting up shop, unemployment is also an urgent problem.

A recent recruitment drive by a government agency helps put Nigeria’s unemployment problem in context.

Advertising for only 500 positions, Nigeria’s federal tax agency received 700,000 applications—2,000 of which were by graduates with first class honours degrees.

Similarly, in February, the Nigerian Police Force received almost a million applications for 10,000 listed positions.

With millions of unemployed people seeking means of livelihood, a scheme which promises high returns has appeared to be a beacon of hope.

The government admits this much. Saheed Fijabi, a federal lawmaker, says MMM is leveraging “the high level of unemployment and poverty to deceive unwary Nigerians.”

The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has also warned Nigerians to be careful about committing money to “fraudsters” promising high returns at a time when “the economy has suffered some decline.”

But such warnings have irked MMM participants who accuse authorities of having ulterior motives.

Ogadi Ngozi, a highly ranked MMM participant based in Delta state, in southern Nigeria, says the authorities only disapprove of MMM because the scheme is costing local banks some customers. “Nobody goes to the banks for loans anymore,” Ogazi tells Quartz.

“Why go there and collect loans at outrageous interest rates when you can help one or two persons in MMM and be smiling with a 30% reward?” Ogazi also insists participants are aware of “participating at their own risk.”

Given the tough economic woes, MMM participants staunchly defend their involvement in the scheme citing the government’s inability so far to make life better for Nigerians.

And that reality is making the scheme even more popular as, at the time of writing, rankings by Alexa, a web traffic data and analytics company, show MMM’s websites are the fifth and 14th most visited in Nigeria, only behind Google’s global and Nigerian sites, YouTube, Yahoo but ahead of Facebook.

Julie, a Lagos-based participant, plans to continue to risk her money despite the government’s warning. “The government can say what they like. If they can’t assist us, they should leave us alone.”

For its part, the Nigerian government has tried to crack down on the scheme. EFCC, Nigeria’s economic and financial crimes watchdog, says it has begun investigations. But it also admits it could be a tough ask as the scheme is “faceless.”

By design, the scheme does not run a сentral bank account which holds all the money. Instead, participants transfer money to each other directly “without intermediaries“.

The Central Bank has tried to crack down on bank accounts with any cash deposits involving MMM but participants are also finding a way past that.

While the government has not had much luck so far trying to rein in the scheme, Andrews believes it is only a matter of time before, like most similar schemes, MMM dies a natural death.

“In 2007, there was a different set of Ponzi schemes, just as there where a different set in the early 2000s.

They all crashed eventually as MMM will,” Andrews told Quartz. “I think one went on for almost three years before crashing, but eventually they all do.”


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E-Financial

GCR Affirms Afreximbank’s International Scale Ratings of A, A2

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GCR Ratings (GCR) has affirmed African Export-Import Bank (Afreximbank) international scale long and short-term issuer ratings of A and A2 respectively. The outlook was revised to “Stable” from “Rating Watch Evolving”.

GCR has also affirmed the international scale long term programme rating on the $5 billion Global Medium Term Note (GMTN) Programme of A.

The improved rating reflects GCR’s assessment of a “robust counter-cyclical mandate, underpinned by a strong track record and ongoing preferential creditor treatment (PCT) from shareholders.”

South Africa became the latest country to affirm the Bank’s Establishment Treaty and Preferred Creditor Status when it recently signed the Instrument of Accession to become a full sovereign member of the Bank.

The report continued: “The Bank’s solid capitalisation and diversified funding profile provide significant buffers against emerging credit risks.” The report also acknowledged the Bank’s diverse shareholding base.

The outlook change from “Rating Watch Evolving” to “Stable”, according to GCR, indicates that there is immaterial downside risk related to sovereign debt restructurings.

Commenting on the Rating action, Chandi Mwenebungu, Managing Director and Group Treasurer, Treasury and Markets at Afreximbank said: “We are delighted that GCR has affirmed its credit rating on the Bank and resolved the outlook to ‘stable’, particularly in the light of recent positive credit developments.

“We continue to assert that the Bank’s preferred creditor treatment is enshrined in the Bank’s Establishment Agreement, ratified by all member states. It is not a matter of opinion or convention; it is fact”.

Mwenebungu continued, “It is also pleasing to note that GCR acknowledges the Afreximbank’s strong liquidity and capitalisation, and resilient risk profile. This is testament to the Bank’s financial and operational strength and that it has been able to demonstrate firm resolve in the face of continued macro-economic pressures and a challenging environment.”

 


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SmartCash Launches ‘No Be Cho Cho Cho’ Campaign to Boost Digital Banking in Nigeria

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Smartcash Payment Service Bank (PSB), the Airtel-owned digital financial services platform, has unveiled a nationwide marketing campaign titled “No Be Cho Cho Cho”, signalling a strategic shift toward proof-led messaging in Nigeria’s fast-evolving fintech sector.

Launched at a media event in Lagos, the campaign represents a new chapter for Smartcash, following its earlier “Money Matter Na Sense” positioning, reflecting the company’s rapid growth and increasing role in Nigeria’s digital financial ecosystem. The platform now serves nearly three million active wallets, with users spanning students, traders, households and small businesses across the country.

The phrase “Cho Cho Cho,” a popular expression in Nigerian street parlance meaning “talking without action,” is used deliberately by the company to challenge the hype-driven marketing culture that has often characterised the fintech sector. Instead, Smartcash says the campaign will focus on demonstrable performance and measurable value for customers, which means “Smartcash dey show workings”.

The initiative centres on the three pillars of reliability, transparency and demonstrable service delivery and addresses what the company describes as a widening trust gap in Nigeria’s digital payments market.

Speaking at the launch, Ayotunde Kuponiyi, Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer of Smartcash PSB, outlined the strategic philosophy behind the campaign, linking the company’s mission to broader global and national economic priorities.

“Financial inclusion is a critical pillar of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, and with the launch of ‘No Be Cho Cho Cho’, we are proving our commitment to this vision,” Kuponiyi said.

“We have built an accessible banking service that breaks barriers for everyone, from corporate executives to the previously unbanked, pulling them from the sidelines to centre stage. Through our flagship zero-charge service, we promise no fees on P2P transfers or bill payments. Furthermore, our savings account offers 15 percent per annum compounded interest, paid daily without penalties. Unlike conventional banks, we charge you nothing, ensuring your money truly works for you.”

Smartcash’s zero-charge model, which eliminates fees on transfers and bill payments, has become one of the platform’s defining features., alongside instant transfers and everyday payments for utilities, airtime, data and cable TV.

Kuponiyi noted that the campaign reflects a broader philosophy of accountability in digital finance.

“Nigerians have experienced inconsistency and unclear charges across various platforms in the past,” he said. “With No Be Cho Cho Cho, we are saying clearly: don’t just listen to what we say; experience the proof.”

Smartcash operates as a Payment Service Bank licensed by the Central Bank of Nigeria and is wholly owned by Airtel Nigeria, a part of the Airtel Africa Group, which operates across 14 countries. This backbone allows the platform to serve customers through both smartphone applications and USSD channels, enabling access for users without smartphones or traditional bank accounts.

Beyond consumer banking, the platform is also expanding its footprint through a nationwide network of agents that facilitate transactions and financial services in underserved communities.

Providing further insight into the bank’s financial architecture and long-term roadmap, Kuponiyi, emphasised that the campaign reflects the strength of the institution’s operational foundation.

“At Smartcash, we have matched our ambitious growth targets with disciplined investment in secure, high-volume processing capabilities. The No Be Cho Cho Cho initiative is a testament to our financial health and our unwavering focus on driving financial inclusion through sustainable incentives that provide real value to the Nigerian economy,” he said.

As part of the rollout, the No Be Cho Cho Cho” campaign will run nationwide across television, radio, outdoor advertising and digital platforms, targeting young, mobile-first consumers while also reaching traders and small businesses through agent networks and USSD channels.

For Smartcash, the campaign marks more than a marketing refresh; it signals an attempt to redefine how financial technology companies communicate with Nigerian consumers in an increasingly competitive sector.

As Kuponiyi concluded at the launch: “The evidence is plenty. Nigerians can see it for themselves.”


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Senate Targets Fintech Overreach, Vows Ponzi Crackdown After ₦1.3trn CBEX Scam

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Nigerian Senate has launched a public hearing to amend the Banks and Other Financial Institutions Act (BOFIA) 2020 while investigating rampant ponzi schemes, spotlighting the Crypto Bridge Exchange (CBEX) collapse that defrauded 1,200 victims of ₦1.3 trillion.

Senate Targets Fintech Overreach, Vows Ponzi Crackdown After ₦1.3trn CBEX Scam

Senate President Godswill Akpabio, represented by Senate Leader Opeyemi Bamidele, opened Tuesday’s session jointly organised by committees on Banking, ICT/Cybersecurity, Capital Market, and Anti-Corruption. The bill (SB959) aims to bolster Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) oversight of fintechs and systemically important digital institutions without creating a duplicate regulator.

Akpabio stressed: “Enhanced supervision is not a constraint on growth; it is a safeguard for sustainable growth,” rejecting a standalone fintech commission to avoid fragmented oversight. Crypto licensing falls under SEC, but transaction stability remains CBN’s domain.

Senate Banking Committee Chairman Mukhail Abiru highlighted a national registry for transparency and risk-based fintech supervision, backed by CBN Deputy Governor Philip Ikeazor, who noted some fintechs rival mid-sized banks in volume.

The probe targets regulatory gaps exposed by CBEX’s unrealistic returns amid economic hardship. EFCC’s Dein Whyte reported asset seizures from operators, with forfeiture proceedings underway.

CBN’s Orekia Opemi-Yusuf warned separate regulators could stunt Nigeria’s expanding fintech sector, while FCCPC’s Ondaje Ijagwu urged clear lines between prudential rules and consumer protection. The reforms seek to restore trust in a digital economy battered by fraud.


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