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Payment Service Banks in Nigeria, Lessons from the Past

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By Emmanuel   Okoegwale

Ten years ago, there was great optimism that the licensing of mobile money providers will usher in a new era in the drive for greater financial inclusion and fill the vacuum that the banks failed to fill for many years.

Ten Years after, the country has recorded some decent incremental improvements in the financial services sector through the mobile money operators but not the expected transformational leap, we had hope for. On the march again, the country has created a new category of financial services providers to be called, Payment service Banks.

The CBN in furtherance of its mandate to deepen financial inclusion in Nigeria is actively seeking to license Payment Service Banks in Nigeria which had been similarly deployed in other jurisdictions such as India.

Both countries are similar in areas of regulation that excluded mobile networks from mobile money and Banks that are cannot fill in the gaps, in serving the hard to reach places.

What’s difference between PSB and mobilemoney?

Permissible services for both in Nigeria are similar with few advantages for the PSB such as ability to mobilize deposits from individuals and small businesses, issue debit and pre-paid cards, invest in FGN bonds while both cannot give out loans, provide insurance underwriting and trade on foreign exchange market. No cap was mentioned in the framework on deposits mobilization allowed for PSBs.

Many reasons had been raised for the slow uptake of mobile money in Nigeria from low capitalized operations, fragmented agency network, exclusion of mobile network operators and some underlying bottlenecks like extensive delays in granting mass access channels like USSD and Sim tool kit channels to mobile money operators, were major hindrances to early take off and adoption.

The operational levers to drive a successful deployment are network effects, lack of financial access points in many rural areas, available mass market access channels, heavy marketing, channel leverage and incentives to drive last mile operations.

These are domain areas of mobile networks and these are some of the levers that mobile money operators lacked in India and Nigeria because they are non-Telcos however some of them, still managed to keep their heads, above the waters.

The Indian story so far

In 2015, 11 organizations were approved to commence payment service Bank services in India however three dropped out even before launch, with one of them citing, increased competition and time to recover profit on investments.

Some of the operators had been clamped by the regulator, due to inappropriate Know-you-customer implementation and some of the providers struggle to convert their huge subscriber base as envisaged to bank customers, the license also excluded the providers from lending.

Due to its limited offering, the commercial viability was no longer appealing to providers hence they struggle to stay afloat.

Shape of things to come in Nigeria

As Africa’s most populous nation, prepares to soften the ground for mobile network operators to participate in the financial services sector which had predominantly been the turf of the banks, it will be interesting to see how they will successfully convert their network assets to serve the large unbanked population in the country.

With MTN Nigeria woes seeming to be coming to an end over tax dispute with the Central bank of Nigeria and a planned listing on the Nigerian Stock Exchange later this year and armed with an approval -in-principle to launch payment service Bank, it will be the honey on the cookie pie for local and international stock investors.

The challenge non-telco operators of PSB will face, will be similar and may even be more than what the mobile money operators faced with them in the early days and even till date.

Why will the mobile network operator give equal-footing access to a competitor? What will the regulator do to enforce fair competition? What are the risk of granting non-telcos PSB licenses only for them to face similar challenges faced by licensed mobile money operators for ten years?

Some recommendations

The regulator may consider to upgrade some of the mobile money operator’s license to PSB if they have proven ability, maybe on a regional basis so that they don’t have spread themselves very thin to compete with what will be a significant competition (mobile networks) with lower paid-up capital requirements to compensate for their investment as frontier providers.

Addition of   retail and low value lending approval to their license while they isolate the customer deposit pool if possible or allow only for a small percentage of the deposit pool for retail lending.

A proper assessment of non-telco and non-mobile money applicants for the PSB license to ensure they have compelling business cases, well capitalized and ability to overcome the challenges that almost muscled the mobile money operators in the last ten years.

In view of many initiatives in the market place that are driven largely by industry associations and regulations, innovations should be allowed to rather drive these initiatives, fair completion are enforced by the regulator for all technology access channels from telcos and access to government standard setting agencies for BVN, National ID for robust KYC and risk management purposes.

Emmanuel Okoegwale is Principal Associate, MobileMoneyAfrica


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E-Financial

ACAMB Educates Content Creator to Curb Misinformation on Bank Recapitalisation

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In a bid to foster accurate public discourse as well as protect the stability of the financial sector, the Association of Corporate and Marketing Professionals in Banks (ACAMB) has stepped in to educate renowned content creator, Unofficial Osas, following his misrepresentation of facts concerning the Central Bank of Nigeria’s (CBN) recapitalisation drive, and subsequent invitation by the Nigerian Police Force.

ACAMB Educates Content Creator to Curb Misinformation on Bank Recapitalisation

ACAMB

The intervention by ACAMB led to the successful retraction of a misleading video regarding the CBN recapitalisation policy, demonstrating the Association’s commitment to its core mandate of public enlightenment.

In his official apology video, the content creator stated, “I was invited by the Nigerian police force national cyber crime centre in Abuja over the video I posted on the 15th of December, where i spoke about 12 banks that were shut down in relation to the CBN recapitalisation policy. I would like to offer an official retraction of that video and want to reiterate that no bank is shutting down.

“As a matter of fact, most of the banks have now met the ₦500 billion minimum capital base for banks with international and the N200bn for national banks recapitalisation requirements, so no bank is shutting down.

“I want to specifically appreciate ACAMB. They were very professional in handling this case and did well to educate and enlighten me on the recapitalisation process. I am now better informed and know better”

Commenting on the resolution, President of ACAMB, Jide Sipe, reinforced the Association’s dedication to protecting the integrity of the banking sector. “ACAMB stands for the restoration of professional banking ethics and public confidence through seamless information management and public enlightenment.

“We believe that an informed public is an empowered public. By engaging Unofficial Osas, we ensured that accurate information regarding the resilience and strength of our banks was disseminated to the millions of Nigerians who follow him.”

The Intervention shows ACAMB is dedicated to evolving strategies that enhance and sustain a good image for the nation’s banking sector as well as assist in fostering better banking habits among Nigerians.


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FirstCap MD says Payment Security Remains Biggest Barrier to Bankable Gas and Power Projects

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Ukandu E. Ukandu, Managing Director/CEO of FirstCap Limited, a leading investment banking firm and subsidiary of First HoldCo Plc., has reaffirmed that payment security remains the most decisive factor in determining whether gas and power projects in Nigeria secure financing.

He shared this perspective during a panel discussion on project bankability at the 2026 SPE Lagos Energy Week.

Ukandu noted that although several risks influence financing decisions, payment risk consistently emerges as the key barrier to financial close.
“Every major risk matter, but payment risk is the ultimate deal‑breaker. Without strong payment security and disciplined collections, no project can attract sustainable financing,” he said.

He explained that lenders typically evaluate three core risk pillars, payment reliability, foreign‑exchange exposure, and contract enforceability, with payment reliability presenting the greatest challenge across Nigeria’s energy value chain. Persistent collection inefficiencies, rising arrears, and liquidity pressures continue to weaken investor confidence.

To enhance payment security, Ukandu highlighted mechanisms widely used by financiers, including letters of credit, bank guarantees, escrow accounts with payment‑waterfall structures, reserve and sinking funds, sovereign or sub‑sovereign support, and take‑or‑pay offtake agreements.

Addressing foreign exchange risk, he noted that volatility remains difficult to manage, especially for projects with dollar‑denominated costs but naira‑denominated revenues. Lenders typically mitigate this through foreign exchange ‑linked tariff indexation, partial dollarisation for credible industrial offtakers, escrow protections, selective hedging, and foreign exchange reserve buffers.

However, he cautioned that indexation alone seldom eliminates exposure due to regulatory limits and timing delays.

On legal and regulatory certainty, Ukandu stressed the need for contracts that are enforceable and clearly structured, particularly around take‑or‑pay obligations, termination payments, step‑in rights, and dispute‑resolution frameworks. He added that factors such as tariff adjustments, licence changes, and price controls can significantly affect project viability if they are not fully addressed at the contracting stage.

While fiscal incentives such as tax holidays and accelerated depreciation can strengthen project economics, Ukandu emphasised that they cannot compensate for weak fundamentals.
“Incentives make a good project better, but they do not make a weak project bankable. Cash‑flow reliability and disciplined foreign exchange management must come first,” he said. He also noted that naira‑based incentives may lose value if project revenues are not indexed.

He concluded by urging industry players to prioritise revenue security from the earliest stages of project structuring: “Protect returns at the source. Build strong offtake arrangements with solid credit support and currency alignment to ensure cash is received in full and on time.”


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Sterling HoldCo Starts Allotment of Oversubscribed Public Offer Shares

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Sterling Financial Holdings Company Plc (Sterling HoldCo) has begun allotting 12,581,000,000 ordinary shares of 50 kobo each at ₦7.00 per share from its 2025 Public Offer.

Sterling HoldCo Starts Allotment of Oversubscribed Public Offer Shares

Sterling HoldCo

The process follows Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and Securities & Exchange Commission (SEC) approvals.

The offer, opened September 15, 2025, drew 18,280 applications for 16.84 billion shares worth ₦117.88 billion—109.79 per cent oversubscribed.

Valid applications from 18,276 shareholders totalled 13.81 billion shares; all compliant applicants receive full allotments.

Refunds for rejects/excess, plus interest, process via RTGS/NIBSS by February 17, 2026, handled by Pace Registrars Limited.

Shares credit to CSCS accounts by the same date; new accounts held in pool pending documentation.

The raise bolsters capital for banking subsidiaries, injects ₦10 billion into SterlingFI Wealth Management to meet SEC rules, and funds credit expansion, innovation, and support for businesses/households.

Strong Financials, Diversified Growth

FY25 interim results show 99 per cent profit before tax growth; gross earnings up 46 per cent to ₦476.5 billion; assets at ₦3.92 trillion; deposits up 18 per cent to ₦2.98 trillion; shareholders’ funds up 39 per cent to ₦424 billion.

Cost-to-income ratio improved to 63 per cent from 72 per cent.

Subsidiaries—Sterling Bank Limited (conventional), The Alternative Bank Limited (non-interest, 150+ branches)—comply with CBN capital rules.

Initiatives include Mata Zalla (women tricycle training) and Plateau agriculture programme.

The offer attracted first-time retail investors, broadening ownership.

Sterling HoldCo welcomes new shareholders, poised for sustained growth and economic impact.


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