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Revealed! Why Young Men Join Boko Haram

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The United States of America’s Institute of Peace has identified religious ignorance, grinding poverty, unemployment and illiteracy as reasons why Boko Haram has continued to be successful in recruiting young men into its ranks of deadly foot soldiers and potential suicide bombers.

According to Freedom Onuoha,  author of the special report, ‘Why Do Youth Join Boko Haram’, the ongoing insurgency was “a national, regional and international concern”.

In the 12-page report published in June, Onuoha, who is the Head of the Department of Conflict, Peacekeeping and Humanitarian Studies at the Centre for Strategic Research and Studies of Nigeria’s National Defence College in Abuja, stated that the terrorist group had been able to recruit young men because of the little or lack of basic knowledge of what the Qur’an teaches.

In the report, Onuoha said, “The reasons a young boy agrees to spy on police may be completely different to the reasons other members abduct two hundred schoolgirls. The boy who carries out a suicide bombing at a police station certainly has different motivations to the one who makes a little money helping the organisation out.”

Touching on the role religion plays their recruitment as Boko Haram members he said, “Ignorance of religious teaching opposed to violence makes youth more vulnerable and susceptible to recruitment. In all the states surveyed, there is unanimity that initial ignorance of religious teaching is the leading factor influencing the adoption of extreme religious views, especially among youth.

“The lack of deep knowledge of true religious teaching is partly related to three observable dangerous trends in the recent practice of religion in Nigeria: the proliferation of sects in both Islam and Christianity, the proliferation of independent preachers in both religions, and the increasing reliance on preachers rather than on the holy books themselves.”

According to the author of the commissioned report, young people are very vulnerable to recruitment and radicalisation by independent and roaming preachers, extremist groups, and religious ideologues, who often distort religious injunctions.

In a survey quoted in the report, 93.2 per cent of respondents in Borno state were of the view that ignorance of the full teaching of their religion influenced young people’s adoption of extreme religious views.

 In Kano and Sokoto states, 90 per cent and 82 per cent of respondents, respectively, believed that ignorance of the full teaching of their religions is a factor that influences the adoption of extreme religious views by young people in the community.

Kashim Shettima, governor of Borno State, also gave credence to this observation when he said recently that “distorted translation of the Holy Book by the insurgents landed us in this mess. If we have had good understanding of Islam, we would have been in a better place.

“There is no room for extremism in Islam. We need to go back to Islam as practised by Prophet Muhammad, when Islam encouraged Muslims, Jews, and Christians to live in peace with one another.”

In some cases, the report said, some roaming preachers claiming to be Islamic scholars deceived impressionable youths who were radicalised in the training camps of the terrorist groups through distorted interpretation of the Qur’an.

In addition to religious ignorance, the report identified unemployment and poverty as making northern young men vulnerable to radicalisation.

The report said, “Figures from Nigeria’s National Bureau of Statistics show that the country’s unemployment rate in 2006 averaged 14.60 per cent until 2011, when it reached an all-time high of 23.90 per cent.

“NBS figures released in early 2013 revealed that, despite favourable economic growth and performance, Nigeria’s poverty rate jumped from 54.7 percent in 2004 to 60.9 percent in 2010. In 2011, 100 million Nigerians lived in absolute poverty and 12.6 million more were moderately poor. The worst hit by these afflictions are young people, especially in northern Nigeria.”

It added that incidence of unemployment in Borno and Kaduna states were high.

The report further noted that: “In Borno and Kaduna states, survey respondents identified the high incidence of unemployment and poverty that prevail in the state as the second most important reason why youth engage in religious-based violence.

“In Kaduna state, 83 percent of respondents reported that unemployment and poverty are important factors. In Kano, 92 percent cited them as important.

“This is not to argue that unemployment and poverty are direct causes of youth radicalisation; rather, privation and other frustrating conditions of life render youth highly vulnerable to manipulation by extremist ideologues.”


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NRS Chairman Outlines Ways Nigeria can Move from Potential to Economic Prosperity

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Zacch Adedeji, chairman of the Nigeria Revenue Service (NRS) has called for a paradigm shift in dependence on raw material exports to one that embrace ideas, innovation and the production of complex products as a pathway to sustainable economic growth and national prosperity.

Adedeji made the submission while delivering the maiden distinguished personality lecture of the Faculty of Administration, Obafemi Awolowo University (OAU), Ile-Ife, Osun State, on Thursday.

A statement by his Special Adviser on Media, Dare Adekanmbi, said Adedeji, in the lecture entitled, ‘From Potential to Prosperity: Export-led Economy’, stressed the need to rethink growth through the lens of complexity by not just producing more of the same stuff.

He lamented that Nigeria possesses a high-tech oil sector and low-productivity informal sector as well as lacking “the vibrant, labour-absorbing industrial base that serves as a bridge to higher complexity.”

The NRS boss stated that Nigeria witnessed stagnation in its exportation drive for three decades between 1998 to 2023, and only added six new products in its export basket list between 2008 and 2023.

“Because of our current position, the Harvard Atlas concluded that we are positioned to take advantage of very few opportunities to diversify using what we already know.”

Adedeji urged Nigeria to learn from the world by comparative study of success and failure like Vietnam, Bangladesh, Indonesia, South Africa and Brazil.

“We are not just looking at numbers in a vacuum; we are looking at the strategic choices made by nations like Vietnam, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Brazil, and South Africa over the same twenty-five-year period. While there are many ways to under perform, the path to success is remarkably consistent: it is defined by a clear strategy to build economic complexity.

“When we put these stories together, the divergence is clear. Vietnam used global trade to build a resilient, complex economy, while the others remained dependent on natural resources or a single low-tech niche.

“There are three big lessons here for us in Nigeria as we think about our roadmap. First, avoiding the resource curse is necessary, but it is not enough. You need a proactive strategy to build productive capabilities.

“Vietnam’s success came from integrating itself into Global Value Chains (GVCs). They positioned themselves as the assembly hub for the world’s electronics, importing high-tech parts and exporting finished products.

“This allowed them to “borrow” technology and management skills from abroad to build their own know-how.

“Nigeria, on the other hand, remains a supplier of raw materials to these chains, not an active participant within them. We must realise that productive capabilities are not permanent. The examples of South Africa and Brazil show us that you can actually lose your industrial edge if you are not careful. Over-reliance on the easy path of resource extraction creates economic and political incentives that crowd out the difficult, long-term work of building an industrial base.”

He added that for Nigeria, which is at an even earlier stage of development and even less diversified than these nations, the warning is stark.

“Relying solely on our natural endowments isn’t just a path to stagnation; it’s a path to regression. The global economy increasingly rewards knowledge and complexity, not just what you can dig out of the ground. If we want to move from potential to prosperity, we must stop being just a source of raw materials and start being a source of ideas, innovation, and complex products.

He added that President Bola Tinubu has already begun the difficult work of rebuilding the economy to ensure collective knowledge to innovate, produce and build a resilient economy.

“The journey from potential to prosperity is not a short one, but with the right map and the right resolve, it is a journey we can finally complete,’ he added.

 


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CIoD, NIPSS Partner to Deepen Governance, Leadership Standards

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The Chartered Institute of Directors Nigeria (CIoD Nigeria) and the National Institute for Policy and Strategic Studies (NIPSS) have signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) on capacity building, governance advocacy and leadership development across the public and private sectors.

The move, the institutes said, is aimed at deepening ethical leadership, policy coherence and corporate governance excellence in Nigeria.

Both institutions are expected to leverage their combined expertise, resources, and national influence to strengthen the quality of leadership and governance practices that underpin sustainable national development.

The MoU was signed by the Director-General of NIPSS, Kuru, Prof. Ayo Omotayo, and the Director-General/Chief Executive Officer of CIoD Nigeria, Dr Taiwo Nolas-Alausa.

Under the MoU, the parties will jointly design and deliver training programmes, seminars, workshops, and conferences focused on corporate governance, ethical leadership, and strategic decision-making.

A major highlight of the collaboration is the customisation and delivery of CIoD Nigeria’s Company Direction Course 1 (CDC 1) for top-level technocrats, policy initiators, and executors undergoing short courses at NIPSS—providing a structured pathway into professional membership of CIoD Nigeria and the development of chartered directors.

The collaboration also provides a framework for knowledge exchange, with CIoD Nigeria sharing policy insights, research findings, and sectoral recommendations to enrich NIPSS’ policy research and national development discourse, while NIPSS mobilises its institutional goodwill and networks to promote governance education across Nigeria’s public and private sectors.

Speaking on the significance of the MoU, both institutions reaffirmed their shared belief that strong institutions, ethical leadership, and sound governance practices are critical to solving Nigeria’s complex development challenges and positioning the country for long-term growth.

The partnership, which takes effect upon execution, reflects a shared commitment to nurturing leaders of competence, character, and conscience—leaders equipped not only to manage organisations, but to shape policies and institutions that serve the national interest.

 


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Leadway Assurance Commences Use of Fintech in Insurance Product Distribution

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Leadway Assurance has entered into strategic partnership with Paga, the fintech company behind the Doroki merchant platform for the distribution of insurance products.

In the partnership, Paga will use its technology to deliver comprehensive insurance solutions designed specifically for Doroki merchants. The collaboration aims to help merchants safeguard their businesses against everyday risks and recover quickly from unforeseen events. Speaking on the partnership, the General Manager, Doroki Merchants, Arike Okwunowo, said the development meant that its merchants could focus on growing their businesses with peace of mind due to insurance protection.

“At Doroki, we see our merchants as partners in driving economic activity across Nigeria’s retail landscape. This partnership with Leadway, an insurer with decades of experience and a strong reputation for reliability, means our merchants can focus on growing their businesses with the peace of mind that they’re protected,”

Also commenting on the development, Head of Digital Business, Leadway, Diana Mulili reiterated Leadway’s commitment to expanding access to financial security for every Nigerian, saying, “At Leadway, we believe insurance should integrate seamlessly into the everyday realities of people and businesses.

“By partnering with Doroki, we are embedding practical, easy-to-understand insurance solutions into a platform—helping them protect their income, assets, and livelihoods while continuing to grow with confidence.”

 


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