E-Financial
Stakeholders Lament CBN’s Interest Rate Reversal on Intervention Loans

Central Bank of Nigeria’s (CBN) decision to revert interest rate on its Covid-19 intervention facilities has drawn the ire of stakeholders as well as experts, whose thoughts are that the action will not augur well for the beneficiaries, as the country faced inflationary rate pressure among other worsening economic indicators, according to Leadership.

Economists, who spoke with on the matter, said the CBN’s decision was ill-conceived as the country’s economy has yet to recover from the devastating effect of COVID, which could heighten unemployment rate, worsen production level and reduce economic growth.
This is just as stakeholders argued it would lead to higher obligations for the beneficiaries.
The apex bank had, last week, notified all the banks and other financial institutions (OFIs) of the reversal from five per cent, back to nine per cent.
In the circular, which was signed by Chibuzo Efobi; director of Financial Policy and Regulation Department, dated August 17; and titled ‘Adjustment of Interest Rate on all Central Bank of Nigeria Interventions’, the CBN stated that all intervention facilities granted effective July 20, 2022 should be at nine per cent per annum.
It also said that existing facilities granted prior to July 20, 2020 should be at the same nine per cent per annum but effective September 1, 2022.
The monetary authority had on March 15, 2020, following the outbreak of the COVID-19, extended interest rate reduction and granted a one-year moratorium on all principal payments on its intervention facilities in an effort to reduce the negative impact of the pandemic on businesses and households.
As such, it granted all deposit money banks (DMBs) leave to consider temporary and time-limited restructuring of the tenor and loan terms for businesses and households most affected by the Covid-19, particularly the oil and gas, agriculture, aviation, manufacturing, healthcare and other sectors of the economy.
The concessionary interest rate of five per cent on its intervention facilities, the CBN had on March 3, 2021 extended by 12 months to February 28, 2022, and subsequent to March 1, 2023, before it shockingly revert it in a notification last week
Adams Adebayo, chairman, National Association of Small and Medium Enterprises (NASME), Lagos State Chapter, expressed worries that the reversal came at a time inflation rate has worsened to 19.64 per cent; dollar, over N430 at official rate and about N720 at the parallel market price.
Coupled with hike in jet A1 fuel that had pushed one-way flight ticket, for instance from Abuja to Lagos, to almost N180,000 for business class, even aa manufacturers are closing factories due to high cost of raw materials.
“This means sectors such as agriculture, power, and aviation which have enjoyed trillions of dollars in intervention funds from the central bank would have to pay nine per cent, an instant of the five per cent previously enjoyed.
“All the beneficiaries of such intervention would be adversely affected by this policy and change in terms and conditions,” he said.
According to Adebayo, small business might be headed towards a total collapse as most of such categories of business would not be able to compete favourably.
“They (small businesses) might equally downsize their staff strength to cut costs,” adding that “the termination of the facility by CBN is not in the interest of an average business manager or an enterprise in Nigeria.
Chinedu Nevo, an economist and PhD candidate at the Faculty of Business and Law, the Open University Business School, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom, said, the reversal by the CBN was ill-conceived.
According to him, Nigeria is still far from recovering from the impacts of COVID-19, especially from the economic angle.
“Actually, many sources have argued that it will take many African countries more than five years and beyond to recover from the negative effects of COVID-19.
“Thus, the reversal by the apex bank was ill-conceived. This is even worse when placed side by side with the high inflation bedeviling the Nigerian economy at the moment,” he said.
Nevo argued that, from a basic economic perspective, when interest rates increase (in this case, from five per cent to nine nine), businesses or entities with existing loan obligations have higher interest payments, less disposable income and bigger overheads.
His words, “With a simultaneously high inflation, such entities struggle to maintain their daily operations, and over time, may even risk collapse. In some other cases, the entities may only be able to pay off the interest only, rather than the loan itself.
“These are the ways that the interest rate reversal would affect the entities. In all honesty, the CBN, by this move, is not encouraging these entities to thrive. This will also affect productivity on a macro scale. In my opinion, the COVID-19 interest rate should be maintained.”
Cheta Uzah, a lecturer at the Department of Banking and Finance, Rivers State University Port Harcourt, also responded that the Nigerian economy has yet to recover from the devastating effect of COVID.
He noted, however, that the apex bank is struggling to deal with the double digit inflation that has resulted from the enormous amount of government borrowing and spending during the COVID period.
“The expansionary monetary policy by the CBN has resulted in massive debts, worsening devaluation of the naira and poor levels of economic growth,” Uzah said.
According to him, the impact of the interest rate reversal on CBN’s intervention facilities would be that fewer small and medium scale investors will be less likely to apply for the intervention loans since higher interest rates would mean higher payment of interest on the loans.
He said, “If fewer businesses are taking loans to expand their business, it means the fewer opportunities of these businesses to employ new workers, increase production of goods and services..
The don added, “As such, unemployment would get worse, production should reduce and economic growth is likely to decline. To make matters worse, the higher level of insecurities caused by bandits, herdsmen, kidnappers, Boko Haram and Militants is making the business environment difficult.
“The higher levels of inflation and declining value of naira is likely to ensure many small and medium scale businesses shutdown as the difficult business environment makes them unprofitable.”
Nigeria had entered into recession following negative growth rates of -6.10 per cent and -3.62 per cent recorded in the second and third quarters of 2020, before it narrowly
Now, there is a likelihood that the country might enter into another recession this year if all monetary policies are not properly tightened.
According to the Nigerian Association of Chambers of Commerce, Industry, Mines and Agriculture (NACCIMA), there is an urgent need to implement policies to prevent Nigeria falling into a third recession by the end of this year, pointing the direction of declining trend in the nation’s economic growth, which had remained worrisome.
E-Financial
Standard Bank Targets $15.4b SME Growth in Nigeria, Others with Trade Expansion Drive

Standard Bank Group has identified Nigeria and four other markets as strategic growth hubs as it seeks to tap into $15.4 billion revenue opportunity driven by expanding small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and rising intra-African trade.

The bank disclosed the plan through Bill Blackie, the Chief Executive Officer of its Business and Commercial Banking (Standard Bank Group) division, who outlined the lender’s growth strategy in an interview with Bloomberg.
Under the strategy, Standard Bank will deepen its presence in Nigeria, Ghana, Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania while consolidating its dominance in South Africa. The five markets account for about 85 per cent of the estimated revenue opportunity available to the group’s BCB operations.
The expansion forms part of the lender’s broader ambition to accelerate earnings growth through 2028, leveraging increasing demand for banking services among businesses across the continent.
According to Blackie, the BCB division has recorded robust growth over the past five years, supported by rising business activity and greater demand for financial services across Africa.
He said the division doubled both headline earnings and return on capital between 2020 and 2025, with return on capital increasing from 19 per cent to 38 per cent during the period.
Earnings from operations across the continent also expanded at an average annual rate of 30 per cent.
Building on this performance, the bank is targeting compound annual growth of between eight and nine per cent through 2028, although Blackie expressed confidence that growth could reach double-digit levels as the strategy gains traction.
A key pillar of Standard Bank’s growth strategy is expanding support for SMEs and mid-sized businesses, which account for most enterprises across Africa.
The bank is particularly positioning itself to benefit from opportunities created by the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), which is expected to accelerate economic integration and cross-border commerce across the continent.
According to the International Trade Centre, nearly half of Africa’s small businesses export to other African countries, compared with only 14 per cent of larger firms, underscoring the critical role of SMEs in driving regional commerce.
The lender is also leveraging its extensive African footprint and strategic partnership with the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC) to attract businesses seeking access to international markets, particularly China.
E-Financial
NAICOM’s 18 Months Management Spill @ African Alliance Ends

The National Insurance Commission (NAICOM) has handed over the management of African Alliance Insurance Plc to a newly constituted board nominated by shareholders.

The move ends a regulatory intervention that rescued the troubled insurer from the brink of collapse.
The development marks a major milestone in the insurance industry’s efforts to strengthen policyholders’ protection and restore confidence in the sector, following months of intensive regulatory oversight aimed at stabilising the company.
NAICOM had stepped into the affairs of African Alliance Insurance in October 2024 after the insurer was hit by severe liquidity constraints, mounting annuity payment arrears, unresolved claims obligations, regulatory infractions and reputational challenges that threatened its survival and eroded public trust.
Speaking at the handover ceremony, Commissioner for Insurance, Olusegun Omosehin, said the intervention had achieved its primary objectives of restoring operational stability, settling outstanding liabilities and protecting the interests of shareholders and annuitants.
Omosehin said a successful turnaround demonstrates the regulator’s commitment to safeguarding the insurance industry while ensuring that policyholders do not bear the consequences of corporate distress.
He also highlighted the significance of the newly enacted Nigerian Insurance Industry Reform Act (NIIRA) 2025, describing it as a game-changer for the sector.
The Commissioner observed that had the fund been in existence before the African Alliance’s crisis, it would have helped to cushion the impact on policyholders by facilitating the timely settlement of legitimate claims and annuity obligations.
He charged the new board to uphold high standards of corporate governance, transparency and regulatory compliance, while prioritising prompt claims settlement, sound solvency management and prudent business practices.
Industry stakeholders view the successful rehabilitation of African Alliance as a test case for regulatory intervention in Nigeria’s insurance sector, particularly at a time when operators are under pressure to strengthen their capital base, improve governance standards and rebuild public confidence.
During its tenure, the NAICOM appointed an interim board to restore liquidity through the recovery of trapped dividend funds and other inflows, settled a significant portion of annuity arrears and legacy claims, facilitated the transfer of the company’s annuity portfolio, completed forensic and actuarial reviews and addressed several regulatory and operational challenges.
E-Financial
How Fraudsters Stole N134Bn from Banks, Customers in 6 Years – CBN

Banks and their customers lost a combined N134.48 billion after criminals using illegal stole from financial institutions and its depositors between 2020 and 2025.

Attempted fraud across the banking and payments ecosystem amounted to N187.79 billion during the six-year period, while actual losses stood at N134.48 billion, according to data contained in Nigeria Payments System Vision 2028 document, issued by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN).
The losses were recorded across multiple payment channels, including over-the-counter transactions, Automated Teller Machines, cheques, e-commerce platforms, Internet banking, mobile banking, Point of Sale terminals, web channels and other electronic payment platforms, highlighting the growing challenge of safeguarding Nigeria’s increasingly digital financial system.
An analysis of the data showed that fraud losses increased steadily from N11.61billionin 2020 to N12.77 billion in 2021 and N14.32 billion in 2022.
The figure rose further to N17.67 billion in 2023 before surging dramatically to N52.26 billion in 2024, the highest annual loss recorded within the six-year period.
The 2024 figure alone accounted for nearly 39 per cent of the total N134.48 billion lost between 2020 and 2025, showing the scale of the fraud challenge faced by banks, payment service providers and customers.
Similarly, attempted fraud climbed from N13.26bn in 2020 to N14.48 billion in 2021, N16.41 billion in 2022 and N19.72 billion in 2023 before jumping to N86.36 billion in 2024.
However, both attempted fraud and actual losses declined in 2025, falling to N37.57 billion and N25.85 billion, respectively.
The report attributed the sharp rise in fraud losses in 2024 largely to a major internal fraud case involving N30 billion.
According to the document, “Fraud amounts in Internet Banking, Mobile, and POS channels declined, yet overall losses rose by 196 per cent, primarily due to a major internal case involving N30bn. Web fraud incidents also increased by 169 per cent.”
The apex bank noted that the trend demonstrated how a single large-scale fraud incident could significantly distort industry-wide loss figures despite improvements in several digital payment channels.
Before the 2024 spike, the report showed that fraud patterns had evolved across different payment platforms.
In 2021, web-based fraud declined by 43 per cent, but losses still increased because of a 276 per cent rise in Point of Sale fraud incidents.
In 2022, fraud losses rose by 12 per cent, driven largely by major fraud incidents affecting corporate accounts, while ATM fraud surged by more than 2,000 per cent despite declines in mobile, POS and web channels.
The report further revealed that fraud losses in 2023 increased by 23 per cent, largely due to an explosion in e-commerce-related fraud cases. “Fraud losses rose by 23 per cent, largely due to a spike in e-Commerce incidents, which escalated by 1,961 per cent. Mobile, POS, and Web channels recorded moderate increases,” the CBN stated.
Despite the persistent fraud threat, the regulator said the industry recorded a notable improvement in 2025 following stricter controls and enhanced collaboration among stakeholders.
The document stated, “In 2025, electronic payment fraud declined by 51 per cent, demonstrating the success of stricter regulations, increased industry cooperation, enhanced prevention strategies, and improved monitoring.”
It added that the Central Bank of Nigeria, working alongside industry stakeholders, had strengthened oversight and introduced collaborative safeguards aimed at reducing vulnerabilities across payment platforms.
The findings come as Nigeria experiences an unprecedented shift towards electronic payments, with instant transfers, mobile banking, fintech applications and digital wallets becoming central to daily commercial activities.
In the foreword to the Payments System Vision 2028 document, Olayemi Cardoso, governor, CBN, said Nigeria’s payments ecosystem had evolved into one of the most dynamic and innovative in the world over the past decade, driven by real-time payments, digital adoption and fintech-led transformation.
Cardoso said the country had recorded significant growth in electronic payments and digital financial services under the previous Payments System Vision 2025 framework but stressed that the next phase would require stronger resilience and coordination as the system continued to expand.
The CBN acknowledged that while digitalisation has improved financial inclusion and lowered transaction costs, it has also created new risks that require stronger cybersecurity measures, consumer protection mechanisms and fraud-monitoring systems.
Under the new Payments System Vision 2028, the regulator plans to prioritise security, trust, innovation, interoperability, inclusion and collaboration as guiding principles for the next stage of payments system development.
The framework also seeks to strengthen regulatory oversight, improve cyber resilience and deploy emerging technologies to combat increasingly sophisticated fraud threats.
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