Telecom
The 5G Opportunity for Nigeria
By: Eniola Campbell
There has been a lot of talk about 5G, but the reality is that in Africa, many operators are still focusing on 4G to get the most return on investment from the networks. Is this the case in Nigeria?
Eniola Campbell, Country Senior Officer and CBT Head for Nigeria at Nokia
Yes, in Nigeria this is still the case. According to the GSMA, operators in Nigeria have managed to achieve 45% 4G coverage since the launch of the first 4G network in 2016.
This increased 4G coverage has already resulted in improved network download and upload speeds and lower latencies as operators continue to roll out 4G in cities. There are several reasons why the market is lagging in 5G adoption, including cost of infrastructure roll-out, smart phone penetration and affordability.
According to Global Monitor, the Nigeria Telecom Market is expected to continue seeing strong growth over the next 4 – 5 years.
This is mainly due to increased urbanization and the slowly rising adoption of mobile phones that support 3G, 4G and 5G services.
Global Monitor further expects that all the remaining major 2G/3G platforms will be closed by the end of 2025 and forecasts that by 2029 most mobile connections will be on 5G. This is also in support of Nigeria’s 2020-2025 National Broadband Plan, which has set very ambitious targets for Nigerian CSPs.
5G holds a lot of promise for the world, but it requires a huge investment to attain nationwide 5G coverage.
This coupled with the economic impact of COVID-19 in Nigeria will impact the investment case for 5G in Nigeria and the rest of Africa in the short term, thus 3G will remain a viable option due to the lower adoption rate of 4G and the need to have a fallback strategy for rural areas.
Recent developments, however, have seen a big push toward making 5G a reality for the country.
Spectrum for 5G is set to be auctioned in the last quarter of the year and the Federal Government hopes that urban centres in Nigeria will have been 5G enabled by 2025. The Nigeria Communications Commission (NCC) has also submitted a 5G Development Plan (5GDP) to Federal Government for final approval, paving the way for increased momentum in rolling out 5G.
What are some of the key inhibitors in building 4G networks and ultimately making the shift to 5G?
The key inhibitors in building 4G networks include right of way for fiber deployment, the cost associated with network upgrades and limited, albeit growing, smart phone penetration in the market.
These elements will ultimately affect 5G introduction. In addition, the 5G spectrum in Nigeria is still being defined and needs to be allocated in enough contiguous spectrum to allow the value of 5G to be realized in the mid to low frequency bands.
At the beginning of May, the Nigerian Communications Commission did, however, sign a memorandum of understanding (MOU) with NigcomSat, around the use of C-Band spectrum for 5G services, showing a commitment to fast-tracking the roll out of the technology. The Commission highlighted the possibilities that 5G will bring to the economy, including higher connection speeds, mobility, and capacity, as well as low latency capabilities.
What are some of the biggest trends you see in 4G adoption?
There are several big trends that are driving 4G adoption currently. These include continued remote working policies due to COVID-19, an increased use in social media platforms, video-on-demand and streaming services, and eLearning. These have positively impacted 4G adoption and increased demand. On the downside, 4G enables the use of voice-over-IP (VoIP), which becomes a substitute to voice services offered by communications service providers, and this has led to a decline in voice revenue for operators in Nigeria.
How ready is the country to adopt 5G and what are some of the interesting discussions that are emerging around it?
Nigerian market is ripe for 5G adoption. We have already seen commitments by the Ministry for Communication and Digital Economy and the Nigerian Communications Commission through the National Broadband Plan, and the MOU signed with NigcomSat to prioritise pervasive broadband and speed up 5G roll out plans. There is a segment of society, the early adopters, that will see a lot of value with the enhanced mobile broadband and ultra-low latency use cases that 5G will enable. Fixed Wireless Access (FWA) for home broadband users is a key trend that would drive 5G adoption in Nigeria.
Which industries in Nigeria do you foresee will be early adopters of 5G and what are some of the use cases you expect to see emerging?
5G as a technology will enable high download speeds and low-latency applications. These are important for remote learning, media, medical, public safety (citywide surveillance) and manufacturing industries. We believe the early adopters will majorly be the media industry especially streaming and video-on-demand service providers.5G will also be a key driver in developing smart cities in Nigeria as it provides a high-performance network foundation and robust city-grade platforms to bring together the intelligence within smart city applications and services to fuel economic and social growth in cities.
What are some of the most recent enhancements that Nokia has made to its product portfolio?
Nokia recently announced some enhancements to our mobile network portfolio that will enable CSPs to offer superior services to their subscribers while lowering their overall total cost of ownership. Some of these include the industries lightest 32×32 TRX massive MIMO radio at 17kg, O-RAN support of RF products and the widest Instantaneous Bandwidth (IBW) of 400 MHz in the market. It also includes high-capacity baseband called ABIO that supports 90,000 connected users.
To reduce time to rollout, while ensuring optimal performance of cell sites, we have introduced Nokia Digital Deploy and best-in-class 5G/NR RF planning and optimization services and tools.
From a transport infrastructure perspective, Nokia’s integrated IP/optical solution combines high performance 7750 Service Routers with high capacity 1830 Photonic Service Switches and network automation improve response times. It also reduces service delivery times so that customers can always operate at full speed, growing and scaling up connectivity as needed.
Our optical portfolio is powered by Nokia in-house, advanced chipsets (Photonic Service Engine) that can transmit high-capacity optical signals of up to 800 Gbps over long distances. Nokia’s industry-leading edge routing portfolio provides the scale, performance, and extensive service capabilities that our customers need to keep pace with evolving network demands. Featuring the breakthrough in-house-designed router silicon innovations, our proven Service Router Operating System (SR OS) enables software and multi-vendor systems integration capabilities.
To address the rising demand for home broadband, the Nokia GPON, XGS and 25G PON products are powered by the Nokia Quillion chipset to enhance capacity and performance of the network. In addition, Nokia Fixed Wireless Access products, Nokia Residential Gateway and Indoor CPE have been designed for optimal performance to unlock value to home broadband customers in a secure manner.
The complexity of modern networks has introduced new security requirements and to address this Nokia has released NetGuard XDR Security Operations to extended detection and response (XDR), which natively integrates multiple security products into a cohesive security operations system. XDR provides overarching security lifecycle management that orchestrates and automates risk and threat prediction, detection, and response, with threat intelligence tailored to a CSP’s unique requirements.
– Campbell is Country Senior Officer and CBT Head for Nigeria at Nokia
Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC) has said that Nigeria’s internet usage reached a record 1.24 million terabytes in November 2025.
According to the latest data from the NCC, the figure rose modestly from 1.235 million terabytes in October, reflecting steady growth in digital activity across the country.
Broadband penetration in Nigeria crossed the halfway mark in November 2025, reaching 50.58 per cent, up from 45.61 per cent in January, the telecoms regulator reported.
The figure, however, falls short of the 70 per cent coverage target outlined in the National Broadband Plan 2020–2025, which expires this month.
The country had roughly 109 million broadband subscriptions by November. Growth has been uneven, hindered by infrastructure and regulatory constraints, including frequent fibre-optic vandalism that triggers 30 to 43 network cuts daily, high right-of-way fees, and declining subscriber numbers earlier in the year.
Expansion of mobile networks, particularly 3G and 4G services, alongside limited 5G rollouts in urban centres, affordable smartphones, and competitive data plans, has driven uptake.
Investments in the National Communications Backbone and private-sector initiatives have also improved access, especially in underserved areas.
While Nigeria is gradually improving digital inclusion, achieving the original broadband plan remains challenging due to high infrastructure costs, coverage limitations, and deployment hurdles.
The NCC maintains that continued investment in mobile networks and broadband infrastructure will sustain gradual growth in the sector.
Commenting on the development, some Nigerian analysts attributed the surge to the broader mobile and broadband adoption and the growing appetite for streaming, online learning and other digital services.
According to the analysts, the figures suggest that internet connectivity is no longer a luxury but a necessity for both business and leisure, underscoring the slow but steady expansion of Nigeria’s digital economy.
Bureau of Public Service Reforms (BPSR) has named the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC) among the top three Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs) of the Federal Government with the Best Ranking in Website Performance for 2025.
L-R: Head Special Projects, Nigerian Export Promotion Council (NEPC), Salamatu Andu; Executive Commissioner, Technical Services, Nigerian Communication Commission (NCC), Engr. Abaraham Oshadame; Director General Bureau of Public Service Reforms (BPSR), Head Customer Support Service, Galaxy Backbone, Rosemary Ehize; Secretary to the ES. Nigerian Content Development and Monitoring Board, Tahir Aminu at the BPSR award ceremony for top four MDAs in BPSR Website Performance and Ranking 2025 at the BPSR office on Tuesday, 23rd December, 2025.
This is coming barely three weeks after the telecom regulator was recognized as one of the top five best-performing Federal Government agencies for 2025 by the Presidential Enabling Business Environment Council (PEBEC) – a testament to the Commission’s consistency in investment in technology for ensuring efficient service delivery.
In the BPSR 2024/2025 scorecard ranking of agencies’ websites, the NCC came second in the ranking, trailing behind Galaxy Backbone Limited, which came first while the Nigeria Export Promotion Council (NEPC) clinched the third position, from a pool of 235 MDAs, whose website were evaluated.
BPSR deployed 14 evaluation criteria in include MDA’s website compliance with .gov.ng domain name, appearance and aesthetics (look and feel) of the website, content, relevance to MDAs mandate/government policy and the website’ structure.
Others include website’s responsiveness (device compatibility), security, load time, usability/ease of navigation, availability/uptime, functionality, interactivity, accessibility and capacity building.
The recognition was announced at the official release of Federal Government 2024/2025 Scorecard Ranking for MDAs’ Website held at the Federal Ministry of Finance Auditorium in Abuja on Monday (December 22, 2025) while the award presentation took place at BPSR’s Office on Tuesday (December 23, 2025).
The award, which is an important index metric of the National e-Government Masterplan for determining the Nigeria e-Government Status, was received by the Commission in recognition of its commitment to maintaining a world-class website that enhances service delivery to the citizens.
Receiving the award on behalf of the Executive Vice Chairman of the NCC, Dr. Aminu Maida, the NCC’s Executive Commissioner, Technical Services, Abraham Oshadami, appreciated the BPSR for the recognition, describing the award as “another encouragement for the Commission to be a better public service institution leveraging digital platforms such as our web presence to enhance public service delivery to our various stakeholders, thereby implementing the Federal Government’s Ease of Doing Business policy direction.”
While presenting the award to the NCC, alongside other two agencies, BPSR’s Director-General, Mr. Dasuki Arabi, commended the top three for their proactive decisions in maintaining world-class websites, which are compliant with the Federal Government’s policy direction in effective and efficient service delivery to the citizens.
According to the DG, the 2024/2025 MDA’s websites’ ranking represents a collective effort of federal public institutions in Nigeria to be transparent, accountable and open in governance, as well as a confirmation to align with global best practices in service delivery to the citizens.
Developed about six years ago, Arabi said as a result of the annual ranking, more public institutions have indicated readiness to embrace reforms, and align with the policy direction of the current administration’s Renewed Hope agenda on improve governance for effective service delivery, as introduced by His Excellency President Bola Ahmed Tinubu.
“The ideals of harnessing and deploying technological tools for service delivery has become imperative following the COVID pandemic, and distortions of socio-economic system of nations, culminating in the evolution of competitiveness, cost effectiveness, and agile governance.
“As engine room of governance, it behoves on us in the public service to perform our statutory duties and we must put in place technological innovations and standardized websites to operate services as well as deliver service needs to citizens,” he said.
The Scorecard exercise, he said, is part of the BPSR reform broader function of conducting research on reform implementation efforts and presenting ‘best practice’ models to the entire Public Service, and to among others, improve access to government information, facilitate seamless financial transaction, eliminate corruption and cyber theft, as well as facilitate access to government services.
Speaking on the rigorous nature of the exercise that produced the top three winners, the DG said “in the past few weeks members of the Scorecard Jury drawn from inter-Ministerial Agencies, had worked tirelessly to mill websites of selected MDAs through a rigorous process of enduring criteria for the ranking and the outcome had also passed through a quality assurance mechanism to validate the outcome.”
Taiwo Oyedele, Chairman of the Presidential Committee on Fiscal Policy and Tax Reforms, has dismissed reports that bank accounts not linked to a Tax Identification Number (TIN) will be frozen or automatically debited from January 1, 2026.
Taiwo Oyedele
Oyedele described the claims as false and misleading, warning Nigerians against panic over misinformation surrounding recent tax and financial reforms.
In a post on his X handle Tuesday morning, he wrote: “Don’t let anyone manipulate you. Your bank account is safe. Misinformation makes you panic and fear a reform that is designed to help you.
“When they tell you that your account will be frozen or automatically debited from January 2026, ask them for the evidence in the new law. Be wise.”
He stressed that no provision in the new tax laws authorises the freezing of bank accounts, adding that the rumours are part of widespread misrepresentation of the reforms.
The committee chairman reiterated that the reforms are intended to simplify Nigeria’s tax system and ease the burden on ordinary citizens, not to impose punitive measures on bank customers.
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