Telecom
The Way Forward for CDMA in Nigeria

Akin wove his way through the bustling Lagos traffic and finally arrived at the client’s office for the scheduled debrief session just 10 minutes ahead of time.
He hoped to use the few spare minutes he had to do some due diligence to the project at hand and proffer some tips to the client on the mode of execution during the meeting.
He brought out his USB device to surf the internet only to discover there was still no internet connection. Few weeks ago, it was announced that his internet provider had been acquired by a giant GSM operator, he thought that meant the services could be spread to a wider coverage area as he usually had limited coverage when he travelled out of town.
He had subscribed for the annual plan as he had been doing for the past three years and it helped to ensure stability for his consulting business which depended largely on internet access.
He would have to tether his phone and use his GSM phone internet connection which bills him for every kilobyte and has proved to be a very expensive option.
Akin and several other young people like him across Nigeria who have active subscriptions on their CDMA network have been left to wonder if the news of their provider’s acquisition means a sudden termination to their services or if the discourse on the total dearth of CDMA in the country is one to believe.
CDMA which stands for Code Division Multiple Access is a mobile communication technology where several transmitters can send information simultaneously over a single communication channel.
CDMA uses spread spectrum technology allowing many users to occupy the same space time and frequency allocations in a given band/space.
CDMA has been globally acknowledged as a better technology compared to alternative technologies such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) and is also believed to be more cost effective for operators as the CDMA capacity advantage leads to lower tariffs.
Interestingly, the first set of Private Telephone Operators (PTO) in Nigeria offered services via the CDMA technology. Multilinks was the first to begin operations in 1998 while the likes of VGC Communications, Intercellular, Mobitel and EMIS were the preferred networks of many Nigerians in the early days of the telecom revolution when the new GSM entrants had exorbitant call rates with SIM cards being sold as high as N30, 000 upon entry.
During the period of its dominance, CDMA provided excellent voice clarity for both local and international traffics while its data quality has often been described as first rate yet it is still unknown why the CDMA sector in Nigeria is nearly extinct.
A close look at the Nigerian Telecommunications industry, one can deduce that the business model of the average Nigerian CDMA operator made it unable to compete on the same platform with GSM service providers. Almost all the CDMA operators where locally developed, with no international investors or technical partners involved in the management of their service.
GSM providers like MTN, Airtel (formerly Econet), Globacom and Etisalat due to their size and international affiliations were able to attract financing and support from foreign banks and international finance brokers.
Another factor that could have worked against the CDMA operators could be there network spread, most of them were located in urban cities like Abuja and Lagos, extending their services to other regions or cities meant going back to the regulator for additional spectrum which usually came at a cost. The guidelines on their licensing hindered their spread.
This inability of CDMA operators to spread massively in the beginning compared to their GSM counterparts is probably the major impediment to growth in that sector.
Stiff competition and the tough business landscape in Nigeria made co-location impossible in the early day thus operators had to build and maintain their telecom infrastructure across the country.
The announcement earlier in January 2016 that the only standing CDMA operator in the country, Visafone Communications Ltd. had been acquired by mobile network giant, MTN put the current count of CDMA operators in the country at zero. At the time of its acquisition, Visafone had about 2 million active subscribers who are currently in limbo on the status of their services after the acquisition.
“I hope the government through the NCC can give the CDMA operators a favourable licensing environment so as to continue operations, Akin said, “Because there have been at least six CDMA operators in Nigeria from Multilinks to Starcomms who have either exited the market or folded up citing unfavourable business conditions as a cause. To paint a clearer picture, in 2001, there were 12 CDMA operators in the country and at 2016 there is none.”
Perhaps due to the highly competitive environment among the GSM operators that causes them to churn out varieties of exciting products for their subscribers, at the same time lowering call tariffs and cost of SIM cards.
This could have taken its toll on the CDMA operators who continued to lose subscribers and at a time when the GSM operators had about 148 million active lines, the CDMA operators could only boast of 2 million.
While the over 2 million subscribers like Akin are in an indeterminate state as to what will become of their subscriptions, the more nagging concern is of what the future holds for CDMA operations in the country and the telecommunications sector at large where the GSM operators are the ones who have the major control of the market.
It has been predicted that in the near future, mobile operators on different platforms including GSM and CDMA will migrate to the Long Term Evolution (LTE). With LTE operators will get a speed of up to 37.5MB per second on the device as against the 3.1MB that is currently available on the 3G networks.
Observers are of the opinion that MTN acquired Visafone to access the 800 MHz spectrum band, which will enable it provide 4G LTE services.
Earlier in 2007, MTN bought VGC Communications Limited (VGCCL), a Lagos-based Private Telephone Operator licensed by NCC to provide cabling and radio, telephone services nationwide and had laid extensive fibre optic cables, and Internet service provision.
This places MTN in a position to be a single dominant player in the voice and data markets in Nigeria’s telecommunications industry.
The question in the minds of many in the light of recent developments is ‘how will the CDMA sector thrive if it is not proactively encouraged by the NCC to do so?”
Pundits however believe that there is hope for CDMA because 3G technology performs better on CDMA while the Point of Sale (POS) Terminals, the key driver of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) cashless policy initiative works better with the CDMA technology than with the GSM technology.
Telecom
FG to Acquire Two Communications Satellite to Boost Digital Access

Federal government is preparing for the acquisition of two new communication satellites as it advances a nationwide fibre-optic rollout.

Bosun Tijani, minister of communications, innovation, and digital economy, made the announcement during a press briefing in Abuja commemorating Global Privacy Day 2026, which was hosted by the Nigerian Data Protection Commission.
The minister said the national fibre-optic backbone, which is expected to cover 90,000 kilometres, is nearly 60% complete.
The project aims to expand high-capacity broadband across the country, reduce the cost of internet access and improve service quality for businesses, public institutions and households.
According to Tijani, the fibre rollout is central to the government’s digital economy strategy, providing physical infrastructure required for e-government services, digital financial inclusion, innovation hubs and private sector investment.
He added that extending fibre deeper into underserved areas would help narrow Nigeria’s persistent urban-rural connectivity divide.
Alongside the terrestrial network, the federal executive council has also approved the procurement of two additional communication satellites to strengthen Nigeria’s space-based communications capacity.
The satellites are expected to enhance broadband coverage in remote and hard-to-reach regions, support broadcasting and improve data resilience for critical national services.
Tijani emphasised the satellite investment will complement the fibre network by providing redundancy and last-mile connectivity where laying cables is commercially or geographically challenging.
The combined approach, he said, will make Nigeria’s digital infrastructure more resilient and inclusive and will particularly close long-standing connectivity gaps.
By expanding broadband access and modernising communications infrastructure, authorities believe Nigeria can unlock new opportunities across sectors including technology, education, healthcare and commerce.
The initiatives are being implemented amid efforts to attract private investment and improve policy coordination across federal and state agencies.
Telecom
NCC Removes 450 Illegal Signal Boosters, Reassigns Spectrum

Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC) has removed over 450 illegal signal boosters deployed in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT).

Illegal signal boosters (also known as unauthorized, non-compliant, or rogue repeaters) are devices designed to amplify weak cell phone signals but are prohibited for use because they interfere with legitimate mobile network infrastructure, causing disruptions for others.
The NCC has also approved spectrum reassignments, socalled egulatory process of taking radio frequency spectrum that was previously assigned to one type of service or user and reallocating it for another, usually to support new technologies or more efficient usage.
All these are part of measures to improve telephone services in the country.
The NCC said its enforcement teams removed the illegal signal boosters across the FCT, noting that the devices degrade network quality in surrounding areas.
“Subsequent analysis indicates localised improvements in service quality, supported by crowd-sourced data, operator performance metrics and a decline in related consumer complaints.
“At least 70 network sites recorded measurable performance gains following booster removal. Engagements are ongoing with the Nigerian Customs Service (NCS) to prevent further importation of the devices,” the NCC stated.
The telecom regulator said to enhance spectrum efficiency and service delivery, it approved a series of spectrum trades and reassignments, including the reallocation of approximately 50 MHz of previously underutilised spectrum for immediate network expansion.
These measures, it said, have resulted in demonstrable improvements in network performance, as reflected in independent monthly reports since September 2025.
“In particular, the reassignment of an additional contiguous 10 MHz to Globacom contributed to an increase in its average 4G download speeds from 9.5 Mbps to approximately 15 Mbps by November/December 2025.
In terms of telecom infrastructure protection, NCC revealed that the ongoing operationalisation of the CNII Executive Order.
The Commission said it has adopted a structured, multi-layered approach to the implementation of the CNIL Executive Order within the telecommunications sector.
“This includes enforcing minimum compliance standards for infrastructure deployment, conducting nationwide public awareness campaigns, strengthening stakeholder collaboration, institutionalising mediation as a dispute resolution mechanism, and retaining enforcement as a necessary tool where required.
“In collaboration with the Office of the National Security Adviser, the Commission has convened engagements with the National Assembly, Judiciary, Federal Ministry of Works, State Attorneys-General, and the Nigeria Security and Civil Defence Corps, with plans to extend collaboration to State Ministries of Works,” it stated.
The Commission claimed that its mediation approach has led to successful interventions already recorded in Kogi, Bauchi, and Osun States.
The telecom regulator said it is currently collaborating with the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) on Failed Airtime/Data Top-Ups and Consumer Refunds.
The NCC stressed that it’s working jointly with the Central Bank of Nigeria, mobile network operators and financial service providers to address issues relating to failed airtime and data recharge transactions.
“Through this collaborative framework, mechanisms for transaction tracing, dispute resolution, and timely consumer refunds are being formalised. The initiative has already facilitated refunds exceeding N10 billion to affected consumers, contributing to enhanced confidence in digital payment channels,” it stated.
The NCC said, in collaboration with a joint industry committee, it continued to implement the Smarter Data Management Consumer Awareness Campaign.
The Commission said the campaign focuses on promoting efficient data usage, conservation practices, and behavioural adjustments aimed at reducing passive data consumption linked to increasing network speeds and device capabilities.
“Since inception, the campaign has coincided with a noticeable reduction in data depletion-related complaints and will remain active through 2026. Campaign materials are disseminated across multiple media platforms and in major languages spoken nationwide,” it stated.
The NCC informed that to further strengthen spectrum optimisation, service quality, and long-term network planning, the Commission has developed Nigeria’s first structured Spectrum Roadmap for the communications sector.
Through the roadmap, the NCC said it sets out strategic direction on spectrum utilisation, future assignments, refarming initiatives and flexible access models to support expanding connectivity, emerging technologies and improved consumer experience. It will also enhance the Commission’s capacity to proactively monitor utilisation, address persistent underuse, and implement targeted regulatory interventions.
According to it, public consultation on the draft has been concluded, and approval and issuance are expected following the next meeting of the Commission’s board.
Telecom
QNET’s Ethical Pivot: Reshaping Direct Selling for Nigeria’s 2026 Surge

As Nigeria faces rising youth unemployment and increasing scrutiny of informal business models, trust has become the defining currency of entrepreneurship.

Against this backdrop, QNET, a global wellness and lifestyle company, says it is repositioning ethical direct selling as part of the solution – not as a quick-income promise, but as a regulated, transparent pathway into micro-entrepreneurship – as it outlines its Nigeria-focused strategy heading into 2026.
With nearly three decades of experience in the wellness and lifestyle segment, QNET has operated in Nigeria through independent distributors and digital sales channels since 2021.
In recent years, regulators have intensified oversight of informal and semi-formal business models amid growing concerns around consumer protection, transparency, and fraud, reshaping expectations for how direct-selling companies operate in the country.
For Nigeria, where millions of young people rely on informal income streams, the distinction between legitimate direct selling and fraudulent schemes has become a policy and consumer-protection priority.
“Against this backdrop, QNET’s 2026 strategy for Nigeria will place integrity, strict regulatory compliance, and responsible stakeholder engagement at the centre of its operations.
“As the company adapts to tighter oversight and evolving market conditions, we believe ethical entrepreneurship must be anchored in transparency and accountability if it is to remain a credible pathway for economic participation, particularly for young Nigerians facing limited formal employment opportunities,” says Ayokunmi Solesi, General Manager for QNET in Nigeria.
At the core of QNET’s direct-selling model are product value, transparent compensation structures, and strict adherence to consumer protection standards, principles aligned with the global direct selling industry’s performance as reported in the WFDSA 2024 STATS Report, which showed the channel generating around $164 billion in retail sales and supporting more than 104 million independent representatives worldwide.
QNET’s model ensures that Independent Distributors (IDs) earn solely from verified product sales rather than recruitment-based incentives, reinforcing the distinction between legitimate direct selling and illicit schemes.
This distinction—earning from products rather than recruitment—is widely recognized by regulators as the primary line separating ethical direct selling from pyramid-style schemes.
By prioritizing verifiable product demand and transparent earnings, QNET supports sustainable income opportunities and professional skill development that contribute positively to Nigeria’s formal economy.
Product innovation remains a key pillar of QNET’s 2026 outlook in Nigeria. Through its partner Transblue Limited since 2022, the company has hosted workshops and expos, such as the 2025 Lagos Product Expo, to promote innovation and youth opportunities.
These events showcased certified wellness products while addressing misconceptions, with over 8,000 attendees at the Abuja edition alone.
QNET’s product portfolio spans health, wellness, personal care, home living & living. At the heart of its wellness category are the Amezcua range of products – including the Amezcua Bio Disc and Chi Pendant – which remain among the company’s most recognised offerings and are widely used for personal well-being and lifestyle optimisation.
Complementing these are timepieces and accessories under the Bernhard H. Mayer brand, including the OMNI Watch, which earned a Silver Stevie Award in 2025 for its sustainability-forward design.
Together, these products reflect QNET’s continued emphasis on certified wellness, durability, and long-term consumer value within Nigeria’s growing lifestyle and wellness market.
Beyond product innovation, consumer protection is expected to be a central pillar of QNET’s strategy, amid rising financial fraud in Nigeria. Building on recent advocacy and enforcement efforts, the company says it is expanding both preventive and defensive measures to safeguard consumers.
In an environment where financial fraud continues to undermine public trust, QNET says consumer education and institutional accountability must go hand in hand. The company’s “Say NO!” public awareness campaign, launched in 2023, focused on helping citizens identify fraudulent schemes through mass outreach and community engagement across Nigeria and other West African markets.
This effort was reinforced through structured collaboration with Nigerian authorities, including the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) and the Federal Competition and Consumer Protection Commission (FCCPC), aimed at disrupting impersonation networks and protecting the integrity of legitimate entrepreneurship.
Such measures place QNET among a small group of direct-selling firms in Nigeria publicly aligning enforcement, education, and regulator engagement as part of their operating model.
In addition to external advocacy, the company believes ethical direct selling must be enforced from within. Between 2022 and 2023, QNET suspended more than 80 distributor accounts across Sub-Saharan Africa for ethics violations, underscoring its zero-tolerance approach to misrepresentation and misconduct. Continuous monitoring of digital platforms for brand misuse further reflects QNET’s view that compliance is not a one-time response, but an ongoing responsibility essential to sustaining trust in the direct-selling sector.
Complementing these legal efforts are educational programmes, such as QNET’s signature financial literacy programme, FinGreen Programme, launched in 2022 in partnership with Transblue Limited, which has trained over 1,500 young people and women across Nigeria in budgeting, saving, responsible spending, and digital financial literacy skills to avoid exploitation.
Moving forward, QNET aims to strengthen its role in Nigeria’s formal economy by positioning ethical direct selling as a viable pathway for micro-entrepreneurship, income diversification, and skills development, particularly among young people navigating an increasingly competitive labour market.
As Nigeria’s gig economy matures under tighter regulation, QNET argues that the future of direct selling will be decided less by scale and more by trust—measured in transparency, consumer protection, and the economic literacy of those it empowers.
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