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TJI Says Nigeria Squanders $2.6Bn on Corporate Tax Incentives

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Tax Justice Network (TJN), a nongovernmental organization has said that Nigeria squandered some $2.6 billion on corporate tax incentives in one year, making the country to suffer a downgrade to 34th position on the 2020 Financial Secrecy Index.

TJI Says Nigeria Squanders $2.6Bn on Corporate Tax Incentives

In the TJN latest Financial Secrecy Index report, Nigeria’s tax-to-GDP ratio sunk to 5.7 per cent, one of the lowest in the world, due largely “to poor regulatory compliance, weak institutions and a lack of transparency.”

Some studies, the report read, “indicate that corporate incentives are costly and inefficient. In a 2015 report, ActionAid found that Nigeria was losing up to 0.5 per cent of its GDP in corporate income tax incentives given to companies with pioneer status.

“Using the 2015 budget figure, the estimated losses were put at $2.6 billion per year.”

The Financial Secrecy Index, the report read, worsened when international oil companies engaged in oil exploration became the major drivers of foreign direct investment.

Quoting copiously from a report by ActionAid, the secrecy index report noted that Nigeria was “in 2014, advised that its proposed double taxation treaty with Mauritius would promote treaty shopping and tax evasion, yet the country has gone ahead and signed and ratified the treaty.

“Mauritius has also been signaled as one of the most aggressive tax treaty partners towards Africa.”

For treaties and agreements, the Tax Justice Network reported that in 2017, Nigeria signed the Common Reporting Standard Multilateral Competent Authority Agreement, which aims to facilitate the exchange of financial information among jurisdictions.

“With a view to implementing the OECD Guidance for Common Reporting Standard, the country’s Federal Inland Revenue Service released the Income Tax (Common Reporting Standard) Regulation in 2019.

“Under the regulation, reportable financial institutions are to carry out comprehensive due diligence on old and new accounts to identify ‘reportable accounts’ and to file information returnson an annual basis.

“Nigeria currently has double taxation agreements with 22 countries, including the UK, Netherlands, Canada, South Africa, China, Philippines, Pakistan, Romania, France, Belgium, Mauritius, South Korea, Sweden, Slovakia and Italy. Treaties with the United Arab Emirates, Kenya, Poland, South Korea, Singapore, Qatar, Spain, Cameroon and Ghana are not in force as they are yet to be ratified,” the report read.

Furthermore, the country currently has ratified double taxation agreements with 15 countries including Mauritius, which is popularly known as a corporate tax haven and a conduit for illicit financial flows from Africa,” the report added.

Rolling out the Nigeria’s secrecy profile, TJN said: “At independence in 1960, agriculture was the mainstay of Nigeria’s economy, accounting for up to 69 per cent of GDP. The oil boom in the 1970s ushered in a period where petroleum contributed up to 87 per cent of total exports.

“International oil companies engaged in oil exploration became the major drivers of foreign direct investment.

“The macro-economic policies put in place to attract such investment included import duty relief, accelerated depreciation and easy repatriation of profits.

“These incentives, coupled with additional tax avoidance practices, made illicit flows of funds to other secrecy jurisdictions easier.

In 2017, Nigeria scored 17 out of 100 on the Revenue Governance Index (RGI) and ranked 77th out of 89 countries in licensing transparency.

“However, in November 2019, the Nigerian government announced that it will unveil a Beneficial Ownership Register Portal for the oil and mining industry in January 2020 through the Nigerian Extractive Industry Transparency Initiative.

“In practice, littoral states demand personal income tax from the employers of offshore workers on some geographical basis. A possible problem with this is that an FPSO may spread across two or more states, with each state laying claim to taxing rights.”

This, it continued, uncertainty created an avenue for double taxation or under-assessment of tax.

Nigeria’s Financial System Strategy 2020 was launched by the Central Bank of Nigeria in 2006 to transform the financial sector. Part of its objective was to establish an international financial centre in Lekki, Lagos, to create a legal and financial framework linked to international jurisdictions.

“This remains to be implemented, however, and the government has focused on strengthening the integrity of the internal market and automation of payments in the banking sector,” the report read.

On investment incentives, the report states: “In 1992, the Nigerian Export Processing Zones

Authority was established by an enabling act. It gave the authority the power to manage export processing zones that can be established by an order of the president. Currently, there are 13 active free trade zones in Nigeria, with the Lekki Free Trade Zone being the most vibrant.

“The Nigerian Investment Promotion Council promotes investment activities and maintains a one-stop investment centre for registration and licensing of foreign direct investment. Incentives available to enterprises in the export processing zones include an exemption from federal, state or local taxes, levies and duties.

 


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E-Financial

Kuda MFB Increases Kuda for Her Business Grants to ₦10 Million

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Kuda Microfinance Bank (Kuda MFB) has increased total grants on offer in the Kuda For Her Pitch Challenge to ₦10 million after receiving an overwhelming number of pitches from women entrepreneurs in the food and hospitality sectors.

Kuda MFB Increases Kuda for Her Business Grants to ₦10 Million

Kuda MFB

The initiative, which launched on March 10 as part of Kuda’s Women’s Month activities and closed on March 16, was designed to award four women-led businesses a grant of ₦1 million each.

In acknowledgement of the number and quality of pitches for grants received, Kuda MFB will now give ten Lagos-based entrepreneurs ₦1 million each to fund the growth of their businesses.

According to the Small and Medium Enterprises Development Agency of Nigeria (SMEDAN) and the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), women own about 43 percent of micro and small enterprises in Nigeria, many of which operate in the food and hospitality sectors.

But despite their strong presence in those sectors, women entrepreneurs continue to face challenges getting the funding they need to grow their businesses, with only about 23 percent of women-owned businesses currently able to access formal credit.

Insights from Kuda Business’ soon-to-be-released SME Outlook report also reinforces this trend. In a survey of 86 Lagos-based small businesses using Kuda Business, 47.5 percent of respondents identified lack of financing as the biggest barrier to expanding their operations, far ahead of other challenges such as rising operating costs (26.2 percent) and access to customers (14.8 per cent). Logistics constraints and regulatory hurdles were cited by 6.6 per cent and 4.9 per cent of respondents, respectively.

The survey also found that when choosing a banking partner, access to credit ranked as the most important feature for small businesses, cited by 38.5 percent of respondents. This was followed by easy payment tools (27.7 percent), low fees (26.2 percent), and customer support (7.7 percent).

Funding to increase the grants came from money that Kuda MFB had earmarked for a Kuda for Her seminar, which it has now cancelled.

Emmanuel Femi-Adejobi, Senior Brand Manager at Kuda, said: “The pitches we received made it very clear that women building businesses in Nigeria’s food and hospitality sectors urgently need capital to grow.

We cancelled our planned seminar and diverted some of the budget for it to give six more grants so that more women entrepreneurs will have extra financial support to grow and contribute more to Nigeria’s economic growth. At this time, that money means more to the entrepreneurs we serve than a seminar.”

Kuda MFB will announce the ten grant recipients on March 27.


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SEC Shuts Over 400 Fraudulent Investment Schemes, Arrests Operators

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Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has warned that unregistered schemes pose serious risks for investors.

SEC Shuts Over 400 Fraudulent Investment Schemes, Arrests Operators

This is coming after the commission announced that it has shut down more than 400 fraudulent investment schemes across Nigeria, in intensified regulatory crackdown on illegal investment activities and a stronger push to protect investors.

SEC also said that several suspects linked to these schemes are currently under prosecution.

The disclosure was made by Bola Ajomale, executive commissioner for Operations, SEC, during the financial literacy forum “The Money Fair,” organized by Nairametrics in Lagos.

Ajomale, who represented Dr. Emomotimi Agama, director-general, SEC, emphasized the regulator’s commitment to safeguarding market confidence amid a surge in unregulated investment platforms.

“Over the last three years, we have investigated and shut down at least 400 of these so-called schemes,” Ajomale said.

“We saw a tremendous increase in them last year, and a number of those involved have been arrested and prosecuted.”

If the investment product or the operator is not registered with the SEC, they have no business asking you to put your money there.”

The SEC has intensified its enforcement measures alongside public awareness campaigns to curb the proliferation of illegal investment platforms.

Initiatives such as the “See It, Snap It” campaign and the “SEC Scam Alert” platform have been introduced to enable Nigerians to report suspicious schemes quickly, allowing regulators to act before these operations expand.

Ajomale noted that the regulator has adopted a multi-pronged strategy combining investigations, arrests, and investor education to enhance market integrity.

“We are not just shutting down illegal schemes; we are also empowering investors with the knowledge to identify and avoid fraudulent operators,” he said.

The crackdown comes as unregulated investment products continue to pose significant risks to Nigerian investors, particularly amid rising interest in digital and alternative investment platforms.

 

 


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Deepening Conflict, Oil Price Volatility, Inflation Scare

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By Matthew Anthony, Senior Market Analyst- Africa

Tensions in the Middle East are sending shockwaves through global markets, stoking fresh inflation concerns as oil prices climb.

Deepening conflict, Oil price volatility, Inflation Scare

As these tensions escalate, mounting fears of inflationary shocks could force central banks to rethink their 2026 playbooks.

Against this backdrop, Nigeria’s inflation eased to 15.06% in February, just before the Iran conflict erupted. Since then, gasoline prices have soared by more than 30% for Africa’s leading crude exporter, pushing transportation costs higher for everyday Nigerians.

Nigeria’s oil production has helped shield it from the war’s fallout. The currency has only dipped 0.3% against the dollar in the past two weeks.

However, these shifts may challenge the CBN’s plans to keep lowering interest rates. The Naira now trades at NGN1,385 per US dollar, up from NGN1,360 before tensions flared in the Middle East.

Outside of Nigeria, risk aversion returned to global markets on Tuesday as tensions in the Middle East sapped risk appetite.

The brief tech rally in the previous session merely served as a small distraction with equities on the back foot amid the overall caution.

All eyes remain on the ship traffic through the Strait of Hormuz as Trump calls for other nations to secure the critical waterway.

Ultimately, this has injected oil prices with monstrous levels of volatility with Brent rallying above $103 a barrel on Tuesday.  Iran’s attacks on energy infrastructure around the Middle East have intensified fears around supply shocks, injecting oil bulls with renewed vigour.

To counter such shocks, the IEA launched its largest ever oil release amounting to 400million barrels of oil from their emergency stocks. In addition, the US issued its second temporary waiver for the purchase of Russian oil. Despite all of this, Brent is finding comfort at triple digits and could extend gains on geopolitical risk.

Gold remains on the backfoot despite the growing risk aversion.

A broadly stronger dollar and dwindling bets around lower US interest rates have dealt gold a double blow. Traders are only pricing in just one Fed cut in 2026 thanks to concerns around conflict-induced inflation.

Gold’s near-term outlook may be influenced by the Fed decision on Wednesday. No changes are expected but the Fed may be forced to reassess its policy strategy for 2026. Looking at the charts, gold is wobbling above $5000 as of writing. Weakness below this point may open a path toward $4900 while a rebound could see prices retest resistance at $5100.

Speaking of central banks, the RBA raised interest rates on Tuesday for a second consecutive meeting.

Growing concerns around conflict-induced inflation shocks may prompt central banks to reassess their policy strategies for 2026.

The Federal Reserve (Fed), European Central Bank (ECB) and Bank of England (BoE), among many others will be under the spotlight this week.

Market expectations have rapidly evaporated over the Fed cutting rates anytime while the BoE/ECB are seen potentially hiking rates by the end of the year if inflation persists. These sharp shifts in policy expectations may translate to heightened levels of volatility.


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