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TJI Says Nigeria Squanders $2.6Bn on Corporate Tax Incentives

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Tax Justice Network (TJN), a nongovernmental organization has said that Nigeria squandered some $2.6 billion on corporate tax incentives in one year, making the country to suffer a downgrade to 34th position on the 2020 Financial Secrecy Index.

TJI Says Nigeria Squanders $2.6Bn on Corporate Tax Incentives

In the TJN latest Financial Secrecy Index report, Nigeria’s tax-to-GDP ratio sunk to 5.7 per cent, one of the lowest in the world, due largely “to poor regulatory compliance, weak institutions and a lack of transparency.”

Some studies, the report read, “indicate that corporate incentives are costly and inefficient. In a 2015 report, ActionAid found that Nigeria was losing up to 0.5 per cent of its GDP in corporate income tax incentives given to companies with pioneer status.

“Using the 2015 budget figure, the estimated losses were put at $2.6 billion per year.”

The Financial Secrecy Index, the report read, worsened when international oil companies engaged in oil exploration became the major drivers of foreign direct investment.

Quoting copiously from a report by ActionAid, the secrecy index report noted that Nigeria was “in 2014, advised that its proposed double taxation treaty with Mauritius would promote treaty shopping and tax evasion, yet the country has gone ahead and signed and ratified the treaty.

“Mauritius has also been signaled as one of the most aggressive tax treaty partners towards Africa.”

For treaties and agreements, the Tax Justice Network reported that in 2017, Nigeria signed the Common Reporting Standard Multilateral Competent Authority Agreement, which aims to facilitate the exchange of financial information among jurisdictions.

“With a view to implementing the OECD Guidance for Common Reporting Standard, the country’s Federal Inland Revenue Service released the Income Tax (Common Reporting Standard) Regulation in 2019.

“Under the regulation, reportable financial institutions are to carry out comprehensive due diligence on old and new accounts to identify ‘reportable accounts’ and to file information returnson an annual basis.

“Nigeria currently has double taxation agreements with 22 countries, including the UK, Netherlands, Canada, South Africa, China, Philippines, Pakistan, Romania, France, Belgium, Mauritius, South Korea, Sweden, Slovakia and Italy. Treaties with the United Arab Emirates, Kenya, Poland, South Korea, Singapore, Qatar, Spain, Cameroon and Ghana are not in force as they are yet to be ratified,” the report read.

Furthermore, the country currently has ratified double taxation agreements with 15 countries including Mauritius, which is popularly known as a corporate tax haven and a conduit for illicit financial flows from Africa,” the report added.

Rolling out the Nigeria’s secrecy profile, TJN said: “At independence in 1960, agriculture was the mainstay of Nigeria’s economy, accounting for up to 69 per cent of GDP. The oil boom in the 1970s ushered in a period where petroleum contributed up to 87 per cent of total exports.

“International oil companies engaged in oil exploration became the major drivers of foreign direct investment.

“The macro-economic policies put in place to attract such investment included import duty relief, accelerated depreciation and easy repatriation of profits.

“These incentives, coupled with additional tax avoidance practices, made illicit flows of funds to other secrecy jurisdictions easier.

In 2017, Nigeria scored 17 out of 100 on the Revenue Governance Index (RGI) and ranked 77th out of 89 countries in licensing transparency.

“However, in November 2019, the Nigerian government announced that it will unveil a Beneficial Ownership Register Portal for the oil and mining industry in January 2020 through the Nigerian Extractive Industry Transparency Initiative.

“In practice, littoral states demand personal income tax from the employers of offshore workers on some geographical basis. A possible problem with this is that an FPSO may spread across two or more states, with each state laying claim to taxing rights.”

This, it continued, uncertainty created an avenue for double taxation or under-assessment of tax.

Nigeria’s Financial System Strategy 2020 was launched by the Central Bank of Nigeria in 2006 to transform the financial sector. Part of its objective was to establish an international financial centre in Lekki, Lagos, to create a legal and financial framework linked to international jurisdictions.

“This remains to be implemented, however, and the government has focused on strengthening the integrity of the internal market and automation of payments in the banking sector,” the report read.

On investment incentives, the report states: “In 1992, the Nigerian Export Processing Zones

Authority was established by an enabling act. It gave the authority the power to manage export processing zones that can be established by an order of the president. Currently, there are 13 active free trade zones in Nigeria, with the Lekki Free Trade Zone being the most vibrant.

“The Nigerian Investment Promotion Council promotes investment activities and maintains a one-stop investment centre for registration and licensing of foreign direct investment. Incentives available to enterprises in the export processing zones include an exemption from federal, state or local taxes, levies and duties.

 


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E-Financial

Shareholders Approve $1.5bn Capital Raising for Access Holdings

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The shareholders of Access Holdings Plc have unanimously approved the company’s proposed capital raising of $1.5 billion through a bond or share sale and a further N365 billion via a Rights Issue to fund its ambitious growth plans.

The shareholders also ratified the appointments of Aigboje Aig-Imoukhuede, Olusegun Ogbonnewo, and Ojinika Olaghere as Non-Executive Directors.

The appointment of Aig-Imoukhuede as the Chairman of Access Holdings was praised by the shareholders, who pointed to his rich history of success with the institution, having transformed it into Nigeria’s biggest lender by market value alongside late Herbert Wigwe.

The shareholders stated that Aigboje’s leadership was instrumental in driving the institution’s growth during the 2004 recapitalisation of the banking industry led by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) under the leadership of its former Governor, Prof. Charles Soludo.

“We are thrilled with Aigboje Aig-Imoukhuede’s return to the role of Chairman. His proven track record, experience, and strategic insights position him as the ideal leader to steer Access Holdings towards meeting its lofty targets.

During his tenure as CEO, particularly during the recapitalisation directive by the CBN, he steered Access Bank to raise an impressive $2 billion in capital, and this demonstrates his capacity to, once again, lead Access Holdings towards successfully achieving the objectives of our planned capital raise and Rights Issue targets,” said Chief Sunny Nwosu, Chairman Emeritus of the Independent Shareholders Association of Nigeria (ISAN).

In line with the Group’s strong financial performance, the payment of a final dividend of N1.80 kobo per every N0.50 kobo ordinary share for the 2023 financial year was approved, marking a 28 per cent improvement from the corresponding period in 2022.

 


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Confusion as CBN Deletes, Reinstates Tweet Calling Crypto-Related Directive Fake

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Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has been forced to deny a report saying it issued a directive requiring all banks and financial institutions to identify individuals or entities engaging in transactions with cryptocurrency exchanges and to ensure that such accounts are put on Post No Debit (PND) instruction for six months.

Confusion as CBN Deletes, Reinstates Tweet Calling Crypto-Related Directive Fake

A “Post No Debit” instruction is a directive issued by a bank or financial institution to restrict certain transactions on a customer’s account.

When a PND instruction is in place, the account holder is prohibited from making debit transactions, meaning they cannot withdraw funds or make payments using the affected account.

Confusion occurred when the central bank denied the story on X but then deleted the denial.

The alleged circular also stated that regulated financial institutions engaged in crypto or facilitating payments for crypto exchanges are prohibited.

However, this contradicts an earlier ban lifted in December 2023, allowing banks to facilitate transactions for crypto exchanges.

The central bank lifted the ban nearly two years after enforcing a comprehensive ban on banks engaging with digital currencies.

According to a statement by the CBN at the time, it recognized that the increasing global demand and adoption of crypto make it unjustifiable to maintain the stringent restrictions imposed on financial institutions in 2021.

However, due to the swift devaluation of the naira and the subsequent inflation rate of 29.9%, the government shifted its attention to platforms offering cryptocurrency services.

It disabled websites associated with crypto trading that had gained notoriety for setting informal valuations for the naira.

Binance encountered significant scrutiny when the CBN raised concerns regarding “suspicious financial transactions” occurring through Binance Nigeria in 2023.

Olayemi Cardoso, governor, CBN, said $26 billion had passed through Nigeria via Binance in 2023 from unidentified sources and users.

Binance is facing further challenges in Nigeria, with its executive Tigran Gambaryan, who is based in the United States, being detained in the country.

He’s facing five charges linked to money laundering following a meeting with Nigerian officials regarding Binance’s regulatory compliance.

Nadeem Anjarwalla, one of the executives who met with Nigerian officials about Binance’s regulatory issues, subsequently escaped custody and was tracked down to Kenya, where he faces extradition.

 


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NDIC Inaugurates Anti-Corruption and Transparency Unit

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Nigeria Deposit Insurance Corporation (NDIC) has inaugurated an Anti-Corruption and Transparency Unit (ACTU) at its headquarters in Abuja.

NDIC Inaugurates Anti-Corruption and Transparency Unit

Speaking at the inauguration which was conducted by officials of the Independent Corrupt Practices and Other Related Offences Commission (ICPC); Mr. Bello Hassan, managing director/chief executive, NDIC, said the corporation has a culture of zero tolerance for corruption, which is further strengthened by its core values of teamwork, respect and fairness, integrity, professionalism, and passion.

Represented by Mr. Mustapha M. Ibrahim, executive director, Operations, Hassan, said, the NDIC ACTU has strengthened the Corporation’s operational system through the implementation of various compliance measures to ensure ethics, integrity, transparency and accountability in the workplace.

He explained that the specific measures include robust Internal Controls, regular Risk Assessments, and strict adherence to regulatory guidelines, and comprehensive training programs for employees.

Hassan described the inauguration as a significant step in the Corporation’s ongoing commitment in the fight against corruption and enhances transparency.

He emphasised that NDIC Management remains committed to supporting ACTU activities, recognizing the unit’s critical role in ensuring the Corporation’s operations are conducted with integrity, free from corruption, and fostering public trust.

Dr. Musa Adamu Aliyu, chairman, ICPC, who was represented by Mr. Olusegun Adigun, acting director System Study and Review, ICPC, praised NDIC management for their dedication and active support in establishing and advancing the activities of the ACTU to address corruption issues and foster ethical practices.

He applauded the efficiency and diligence of the NDIC ACTU in fulfilling its mandate, resulting in the Corporation retaining the first position for two consecutive years on the annual ICPC Ethics and Integrity Compliance Scorecard.

He urged the new ACTU members to see their nomination as an opportunity to build on the good legacies of the previous members and to complement Management’s efforts in promoting the core values of the Corporation through their assigned duties.

 

 


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