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Why Earth is Warming

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By OkokoChidozie Christian

[email protected];  09025179984

Energy from the sun heats the earth surface, warms the atmosphere and powers the ocean currents.Scientifically, records show that oceans are heated by 14×1018 Joules of energy.

Why Earth is Warming

Scientists measure oceans because they absorb the vast majority of the heat associated with global warming, and the earth’s temperature is dictated by ocean temperatures.

In fact, more than 90% of global warming heat ends up in the oceans with the fastest warming being the Atlantic, Indian and Northern Pacific oceans.

Even, they absorb more of the heating from human-carbon emissions, and temperature is not rising uniformly across the planet because the sun heats the equatorial tropics more than the polar regions.

Since the Industrial Revolution, human activities have released large amounts of carbon-dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, which has changed the earth’s climate.

And, for more than a hundred years, air temperature has been measured by weather observers all over the world.

Averaging these daily measurements over a whole year allows us to see the long-term trend instead of the short-term weather events.

Hence, the long-term trend is that: the earth is warming over time.

Moreover, the greenhouse gases that have mostly contributed to the earth warming include: carbon-dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide to mention but a few.

I hereby describe them,thus:

Carbon-dioxide, CO2

Carbon-dioxide mainly comes from burning organic materials; coal, oil, gas, wood and solid wastes. Atmospheric carbon-dioxide- the most dangerous, prevalent and the highest level greenhouse gas ever recorded; and has increased by more than 40% since pre-industrial times.

The carbon-dioxide gas absorbs solar energy and keep heat close to earth surface, rather than letting it escape into space.

And that trapping of heat is what we are known today as “greenhouse effect”. This is what keeps the earth habitable-otherwise, it would be too cold at night.

Methane, CH4

Methane concentration has been increased to more than 2.5times.Oil, gas and mining operations release large amount of methane- a potent greenhouse gas, either by accident or design.

Information gathered shows that global energy sector was responsible for nearly 135million tons of methane emissions in 2022, a slight rise from the in 2021.

Also, about 40% emissions attributed to human activity, second to agriculture.

Methane is responsible for about 30% of the rise in global temperature since the Industrial Revolution. Its rapid and sustained reductions are the key to limiting near-term global warming and improved air quality.

Nitrous oxide,N2O

Climate change, greenhouse gas emissions and warmer temperatures are changing nitrous oxide emissions.

Nitrous oxide, known as “laughing gas” is the most important greenhouse gas after carbon-dioxide and methane, and the biggest human-related threat to the ozone layer.

Though, it is rapidly increasing, mostly due to large-scale farming with synthetic fertilizers and cattle ranching.

Moreover, natural cycle and fluctuations has been a cause to the earth’s climate changing several times over the last 800years, and our era of global warming is directly attributed to human activities as afore-mentioned. In the US, the largest source of greenhouse gas emission is transportation, followed closely by electricity production and industrial activities. While in Nigeria the largest source of greenhouse gas emissions are waste and industrial pollutions.

Nevertheless, the impacts of global warming are felt by people everywhere in one way or the other, but are experienced most by the under-privileged, economically marginalized, and people of colour for whom climate change is often a key driver of poverty, displacement, hunger and social unrest.

Curbing these dangerous climate change requires very deep cut in emission as well as the use of alternatives to fossil fuels worldwide.

The good news is that countries around the globe have formerly committed as part of the 2015 Paris Climate Change Agreement to lower the emission by setting new standards and crafting new policies to meet or exceed those standards.But, the bad news is that we are not working fast enough.

To avoid the worst impacts of climate change, scientists tells us that we can reduce global carbon emission by as much as 40% by 2030, and for that to happen global communities must step up to decarbonize electricity generation by equitably transitioning from fossil fuel-based production to renewable energy sources like wind, solar and geothermal energy to mention but a few. Also, to electrify our automobiles; and to maximize energy efficiency in our building appliances and industries.

Projection from Earth System Modelshows that if we find ways to release fewer heat trapping gases into the air, global average temperature will increase about 10C to 1.50C (33.80F to 34.70F). And having adapt to changes resulting from a warmer world, our actions would help keep the earth a loveable place for all.


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Dangote Refinery Forced to Resell U.S, Nigerian Crude Cargoes over Glitches – Report

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Dangote oil refinery, indigenous oil refinery owned by Aliko Dangote, Africa’s richest man, is reselling cargoes of U.S. and Nigerian crude, four trade sources familiar with the matter said on Friday, according to a Reuters report.

Dangote Refinery Forced to Resell U.S, Nigerian Crude Cargoes over Glitches - Report

Aliko Dangote

Three of the sources indicated that the reoffer was linked to technical problems at the refinery.

However, a Dangote executive, when asked about the offers and market rumours of operational issues affecting the crude distillation unit (CDU), stated that the CDU is in operation.

The refinery, which began production in January, is set to become the largest in Africa and Europe upon reaching full capacity.

This could significantly alter the lucrative Europe-to-Africa fuel trade and transform Nigeria into an exporter of fuels.

Among the grades being offered were Nigerian Escravos and Forcados crude, as well as U.S. WTI Midland crude, according to the sources. Traders have reported that the plant has been importing several crude cargoes monthly.

While resales by refineries are rare, they are not unheard of, traders noted. Following the news, crude prices fell further, with Brent crude dropping as much as 2.5% towards $80 a barrel, before recovering to above $81 by 1700 GMT.

The 650,000 barrel-per-day refinery, built at $20 billion by Africa’s richest man Aliko Dangote, aims to reverse Nigeria’s reliance on fuel imports despite being Africa’s largest oil producer.

 


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60 Hearty Cheers to Dr. Nneka Onyeali-Ikpe, GMD/CEO, Fidelity Bank

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Tomorrow is your birthday Madam, kindly permit me to be the first to strike a positive chord and shine a spotlight on you, an exceptional woman, who is helping shape modern finance in Nigeria and indeed the world.

60 Hearty Cheers to Dr. Nneka Onyeali-Ikpe, GMD/CEO, Fidelity Bank

Dr. Nneka Onyeali-Ikpe, GMD/CEO, Fidelity Bank

You are inspirational, an elegant stallion that radiates beauty in brilliance.

Meet, Dr. Nneka Onyeali-Ikpe, OON, an Amazon and group managing director and chief executive officer, Fidelity Bank Plc who turns 60 in a few hours.

She is a leader who instills in her people a hope for success and a belief in themselves.

Born July 28, 1964 in Lagos, Dr. Nneka Onyeali-Ikpe, is a creative problem solver motivated by obstacles.

The desire to overcome a challenge fuels her to get things accomplished.

She does not take ‘no’ for an answer.”

Dr. Nneka Onyeali-Ikpe, joined Fidelity Bank as an executive director in 2015 and was appointed managing director/CEO in January 2021, becoming the first female MD/CEO in the bank’s history.

The birthday lady holds a Bachelor of Law from the University of Nigeria, Nsukka, and a Master of Law from King’s College London.

She has attended executive training programs at various institutions including Harvard Business School, The Wharton School University of Pennsylvania, and London Business School.

Additionally, she recently completed a Diploma program in Organizational Leadership at Said Business School, Oxford University, UK.

She holds an honorary doctorate degree in Business Administration from the University of Nigeria, Nsukka (UNN) and is an Officer of the Order of the Niger (OON), awarded by the Federal Government of Nigeria in 2023.

In 1990, she began working in banking as a legal officer for the now-defunct African Continental Bank. She subsequently worked as a treasury officer for the First African Trust Bank.

She later joined Zenith Bank and Standard Chartered Bank respectively.

Nneka Onyeali-Ikpe has held leadership positions at Citizens International Bank, Zenith Bank, and Standard Chartered Bank, among others.

She has been instrumental in structuring complex transactions across various sectors including Oil and Gas, Manufacturing, Aviation, Real Estate, and Export.

In 2011, she joined Enterprise Bank as an executive director of the bank’s operations in Lagos and other locations in the South-Western region in Nigeria.

Nneka Onyeali-Ikpe joined the commercial bank Fidelity as an executive director in January, 2015. Fidelity Bank announced Onyeali-Ikpe as its managing director in December 2021.

Under her leadership, Fidelity Bank witnessed significant growth, increasing its Profit Before Tax (PBT) from N25.22bn in FY 2021 to N122bn in FY 2023.

She has led the bank’s expansion into international markets, including the recent approval by the Central Bank of Nigeria to acquire Union Bank UK, now Fidelity Bank UK Limited.

Passionate about innovation and technology, Nneka Onyeali-Ikpe has spearheaded initiatives such as PayGate Plus, an online payment platform, and the Fidelity International Trade & Creative Connect (FITCC) aimed at supporting Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) globally.

In recognition of her leadership, Nneka Onyeali-Ikpe has received several awards including The Banker of the Year 2022 at the 14th Leadership Annual Conference, Best Banking CEO Nigeria 2023 in the 2023 Global Banking & Finance Awards, 2023 Top 25 CEOs in Nigeria at the BusinessDay Awards, and Banker of the Year 2022 at the Champion Newspapers’ Awards of the Year 2022.

She also received acknowledgment from the Assets Management Corporation of Nigeria (AMCON) for her role in restructuring the former Enterprise Bank. As an Executive Director, she oversaw operations in the Lagos and southwest regions, managing the Retail and SME divisions. Additionally, she played a key role in establishing the Bank’s SME group.

She serves on various Committees and organizations including the Financial Literacy and Public Enlightenment Sub-Committee of the CBN Bankers Committee and the Chartered Institute of Bankers of Nigeria.

Onyeali-Ikpe is married to Dr. Ken Onyeali Ikpe, PhD, a leader in Marketing, Branding, and Consumer Consulting.

As you celebrate tomorrow (July 28), may you have all the love your heart can hold, all the happiness a day can bring, and all the blessings a life can unfold.

May the years ahead be greater.

Happy birthday, God Bless!

 

 


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Companies May Flee Nigeria over Proposed Percent Levy– Afrexim Bank

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The proposed 5 percent tax on companies earning over N100 million for community development projects could result in the exits of multinationals from the country, a new report by Afrexim Bank has said.

Companies May Flee Nigeria over Proposed Percent Levy– Afrexim Bank

“Nigeria’s National Assembly is considering a 5 percent levy on big companies to invest in community projects, despite opposition from companies and their supporters.

Critics argue that companies already pay 20-30 percent of their profits in corporate taxes and the plan could prompt international companies to leave the market,” the report titled Monthly Developments in the African Macroeconomic Environment stated.

However, the bill has faced rejection from the organized private sector.

The Manufacturers Association of Nigeria (MAN), which sent representatives to the public hearing organized by the parliament, described the proposal as ill-timed and unnecessary.

They argued that CSR should be at the discretion of each organization, emphasizing that it is an internal matter.

Additionally, they expressed concerns about the current multiplicity of taxes and the high operating expenses that manufacturers are already struggling with.

Olumide Osoba, member of the House of Representatives, recently introduced the Corporate Social Responsibility Bill 2023 to set high standards of corporate governance and ensure firms integrate long-term economic, environmental, and social aspects into their business strategies.

The bill includes provisions for establishing a department within the Federal Ministry of Budget and National Planning.

This department will be headed by a commissioner appointed by the president based on the budget minister’s recommendation.

The commissioner will coordinate the activities of agencies related to CSR and monitor compliance with the law.

For non-extractive companies with a net worth of N500 million or a net profit of N100 million in a financial year, the bill requires them to form a CSR committee consisting of three or more directors, one of whom must be an independent director. This committee will be responsible for the company’s CSR policy and ensure compliance.

 

 

 

 


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