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90 Percent of Workers to Pay Lower Taxes in Tax Reforms-  PACFTR

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Taiwo Oyedele, chairman, Presidential Advisory Committee on Fiscal Policy and Tax Reform (PACFTR) has said that contrary to speculations, individuals earning about N1.7 million or less per month will pay lower Pay as You Earn (PAYE) tax under the proposed Tax Amendment Bills before the National Assembly.

90 Percent of Workers to Pay Lower Taxes in Tax Reforms-  PACFTR

Besides, workers earning the new minimum wage and slightly more will also be fully exempted from tax obligations.

Addressing various tax issues on X, formerly Twitter, Oyedele said these thresholds will result in over 90 per cent of workers in the public and private sectors paying lower taxes while high income earners will pay slightly more in a progressive manner up to 25 per cent for the ultra-high net worth individuals.

His explanation came against the backdrop of general concerns that workers might pay more under the proposed tax reform initiatives of the federal government.

According to him, planned changes to the current tax table of personal income brackets and rates was to discourage arbitrage in some cases between the two income tax regimes.

He said the current tax table was introduced in 2011, stating that due to high inflation and lack of review, the structure has resulted in “fiscal drag” where many low income earners have been pushed to the top tax bracket over time.

This, he said, meant that an individual earning just N400,000 a month was paying the same top marginal income tax rate as a wealthy individual earning about N20 million per month.

“Therefore, the tax table has become regressive rather than progressive, as it was originally designed.

“Also, the current personal income tax regime does not encourage formalisation given that the effective top tax rate on companies is nearly double that of enterprises, which also encourages arbitrage in some cases between the two income tax regimes.

“Hence, the proposed changes seek to address these issues and simplify the system by incorporating current reliefs and allowances into the bands and rates to achieve an overall lower effective tax rate for the majority of workers,” Oyedele said.

Further addressing concerns over taxation of workers’ income in the proposed regulation, he  clarified that apart from the N800,000 per annum, which was exempted from tax, there was a rent relief of up to N200,000 per annum, which together will exempt individuals earning up to N1 million per annum (about N83,000 per month).

He said: “This is particularly beneficial to low income earners. Also, the new tax bands and rates have been designed to avoid a situation where individuals earning slightly more than the exemption threshold are taxed to an extent that makes them worse off than a person whose income is within the exemption threshold.

“For example, a person earning N30,000 per month is exempt from tax while a person earning N30,001 per month will pay about N500 leaving the latter with a net of N29,500 which is N500 worse than the person earning N30,000.

“Under the tax bills, this problem has been addressed, as everyone will be eligible to the first tax-free bracket.”

He also revealed that  statutory deductions, including pension and National Housing Fund contributions, were still applicable under the new tax bills.

According to him, “These are contributions under the National Housing Fund, National Health Insurance Scheme, Pension Reform Act, interest on loans for developing an owner-occupied residential house, annuity or premium paid for life insurance, and rent relief up to N200,000 per annum.”

He said while part of the objectives of tax reforms was simplification, the impact of the Consolidated Relief Allowance (CRA) and Personal Relief had been incorporated into the tax table such that the overall goal of exempting low income earners and reducing taxes for middle income earners was achieved.

Addressing worries over the removal of CRA and personal relief, which seemingly amounted to giving a relief with one hand and taking it back with the other, Oyedele pointed out, “By integrating the reliefs into the tax brackets and rates, many taxpayers with basic education would be able to calculate their taxes with little or no assistance thereby achieving the dual objectives of lower tax burden and tax simplification.”

On suggestions that the tax rate for the second band seemed quite steep, moving from zero per cent to 15 per cent, he said, “By comparison, the second band under the bills, which is to be taxed at 15 per cent, is currently being taxed at a marginal rate of 21 per cent even after all reliefs and allowances.

“So, while the 15 per cent may appear steep from zero per cent for the first band, it is lower compared to the current tax table.

“The real impact for a person earning about N3 million per annum equivalent to the aggregate of the first and second brackets is a lower effective tax rate of 10 per cent compared to about 12 per cent under the current tax table.”

 

 

 


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Joshua Ichor, Nigerian Innovator Bags Europe’s €60m Fellowship

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Joshua Ichor, a Nigerian geoscientist and innovator, has secured a rare invitation into the prestigious EWOR Fellowship, one of Europe’s most selective founder programmes built for outlier entrepreneurs with the potential to create billion-euro companies.

Joshua Ichor, Nigerian Innovator Bags Europe’s €60m Fellowship

Joshua Ichor

The invitation places Ichor inside EWOR’s elite founder ecosystem, a powerful European platform associated with a reported €60 million commitment to backing exceptional founders building the next generation of globally significant companies.

EWOR describes itself as a fellowship for founders who “think in decades and build in days.” The platform says it backs the top 0.1% of founders building potential €10 billion+ companies, with mentorship from unicorn-builders and a founder-first model designed for exceptional entrepreneurs.

For Ichor, the selection is more than another milestone. It is a signal that one of Europe’s most ambitious founder networks sees major global potential in the Nigerian innovator.

While the technology Ichor is currently building has not been disclosed to the public, sources close to the development describe it as a powerful and ambitious piece of technology with the potential to scale internationally.

The project remains under wraps as Ichor continues to refine the product, strategy, and long-term market direction.

According to the fellowship invitation, EWOR believes Ichor is among the few founders with what it takes to build a company that could be valued at €1 billion or more.

That belief places him in a rare class of founders being watched not only for what they have done, but for what they are quietly building next.

EWOR has earned attention for its radical selectivity and founder-first approach.

Its own platform highlights a 0.1% acceptance rate, describing the fellowship as a community of outlier founders who push and sharpen one another.

EWOR’s public materials also reference the fellowship as “Harder than Y Combinator,” built by unicorn founders for founders seeking a higher level of ambition.

The fellowship connects selected founders with a powerful network of unicorn builders, investors, and operators.

Ichor is expected to build alongside a high-calibre founder community that includes names such as Ricky Knox, known for two nine-figure exits; Andrew Nutter, associated with a €180 million revenue company and Sequoia Scout experience; Nick D’Aloisio, widely known for achieving a major technology exit as a teenager; and Jörgen Tveit, who raised one of Europe’s biggest-ever pre-seed rounds by a first-time founder.

The EWOR ecosystem also gives founders access to sessions with globally recognized operators and investors, including Fabrice Grinda, founder of OLX; Kevin Hartz, founder of Eventbrite and Xoom; Mark Ghermezian, founder of Braze; and Michael Baum, founder of Splunk.

For a Nigerian geoscientist to enter this circle is a major statement. It shows that African technical talent is increasingly stepping into the same rooms as some of the world’s most ambitious venture-backed founders.

Ichor’s current technology remains confidential, but the conviction from EWOR suggests that the opportunity is significant.

The details are not yet be public, but the direction is clear: Joshua Ichor is building something with global ambition.

EWOR’s wider network includes some of the world’s leading startup investors and venture names, including A16Z, Accel, Atomico, Balderton, Earlybird, EQT, FJ Labs, Lakestar, Sequoia, Speedinvest, World Fund, and others.

Its platform says fellows raise at 50–300% higher valuations than average, further underlining the strength of the ecosystem around selected founders.

 


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More than 50 Percent of Leaked Passwords End with a Number – Research Reveals

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To mark the occasion of World Password Day, Kaspersky experts analysed 231 million unique passwords in major password leaks from 2023 to 2026, and uncovered several key patterns.

First, 68% of modern passwords can be cracked within a day. Second, it turned out that the vast majority of compromised passwords either begin or end with a digit – a common pattern that makes them potentially vulnerable to brute force attacks.

And third, users also favour positive and trending words; for example, over the past couple of years, use of the word “Skibidi” in analysed passwords surged 36 times, mirroring the rise of that Internet trend.

In recent years, secure passwords’ rules have become a widely discussed topic. More and more services now demand passwords that are at least 10 characters long, include an uppercase letter, and contain a number or a symbol.

Yet a comparative analysis of leaked passwords from the past few years shows that even following some of those rules does not guarantee resistance to brute‑force or AI‑driven attacks.

Kaspersky experts share practical advice on how to make passwords more complex and secure, and how not to repeat common mistakes.

Be creative with using symbols and numbers

Among the leaked passwords that contain just one symbol, the “@” sign tops the list, appearing in 10% of cases. The next most common symbol is a dot (.), found in 3% of passwords. Among all analysed passwords “@” takes second place in terms of prevalence, and in third place is “!”.

Numbers also follow similarly predictable patterns:

53% of examined passwords end with digits;

17% begin with digits;

Nearly 12% include a numeric sequence that resembles a date (from 1950 to 2030);

3% of leaked passwords include keyboard sequencies like “qwerty” or “ytrewq”, but most of them are digital sequencies like “1234”.

Alexey Antonov, Data Science Team Lead at Kaspersky, notes that commonly used symbols, numbers, or dates – especially when placed in obvious positions (such as at the beginning or end of a password) – significantly simplify brute force attacks for cybercriminals. That’s why it’s highly recommended to give preference to less popular characters, and avoid numeric or keyboard sequences.

“Bruteforce works by systematically trying every possible character combination until the correct password is found. When attackers already know which characters users tend to favour, the time required to crack a password drops dramatically. To avoid the temptation of choosing predictable symbols, entrust password creation to dedicated generators that produce random letters, numbers, and symbols with equal probability”, says Alexey Antonov.

Between… Eden and hell: Try to avoid using words in a password

The research shows that emotional and trending words frequently become the basis for a password. For example, from 2023 to 2026 the use of the word “Skibidi” in passwords increased 36 times – mirroring the rapid rise of that Internet trend.

Kaspersky experts have also conducted analysis of the occurrence of positive and negative words in passwords, and it turned out that there are more positive ones. Among those regularly appearing are positive words like “love”, “magic”, “friend”, “team”, “angel” and “star”, “eden”. Interestingly, positive words are much more common than negative ones. However, words like “hell”, “devil”, “nightmare” and “scar” also occur.

“Using a single‑word password, even with a trailing number or a special character, is a weak choice. The pattern is too predictable, making it easy for attackers to guess. Instead, craft a passphrase that strings together several unrelated words, each supplemented with internal numbers and symbols, and sprinkle in a few intentional misspellings.

The longer and more random and unpredictable the password is, the harder it is to crack. As an additional way to protect yourself, enable two-factor authentication (2FA) wherever possible,” recommends Alexey Antonov.

Is password length important?

It’s well known that longer passwords are harder to crack, and the analysis of leaked passwords confirms this principle. However, with the rise of AI driven tools, length alone no longer guarantees security: even lengthy passwords can be compromised if they follow predictable patterns.

The research shows that short passwords of up to eight characters that appeared in the leak are typically cracked by brute force attacks in under a day. However, thanks to AI-powered smart algorithms, more than 20% of 15-character passwords can be broken in less than a minute.

What’s more 60.2% of all analysed passwords – regardless of length – can be cracked in about an hour; 68.2% – in a day.

In the examples provided, the calculations assume a single RTX 5090 GPU and the MD5 algorithm. In real‑world scenarios, attackers can rent multiple GPUs – ten, a hundred, or even more. Under such conditions, the cracking rate would increase potentially by several orders of magnitude.

In modern terms, truly secure passwords not only meet the gold standard of 16+ characters, but also consist of random, non-repeating letters, numbers, and symbols, and are unique for each account. To help users create such passwords, Kaspersky has added a password generation feature to the Kaspersky Password Generator website. Now users can not only check their passwords for leaks, but also generate secure passwords for free.

For easy and secure password management, auto-fill, and cross-device synchronisation consider using a password manager in which all credentials are stored in a secure vault and protected by a single master password. This eliminates the need to remember hundreds of passwords while keeping them safe from breaches.

What’s more, not only passwords, but also passkeys can be created and stored directly in Kaspersky Password Manager, which allows not only to sign in to supported services with a single tap, but also to access passkeys on all devices owing to secure synchronisation.


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Cybervergent Expands to Three New Markets

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Cybervergent has launched version 3.0 of its artificial intelligence (AI)-native posture management platform and expanded operations into Kenya, Ghana, and SA.

The move, according to the company, introduces automated risk verification for enterprises and aims to position Africa as a force in digital governance technology.

It goes on to say the latest platform upgrade introduces continuous posture management, replacing traditional point-in-time governance, risk, and compliance reporting with real-time verification systems.

An AI engine independently verifies 99.9% of audit and monitoring findings before they appear on enterprise dashboards, according to Cybervergent.

It says risk management, compliance, audit, and data security operations are integrated into a unified system built for cloud and on-premise environments.

According to  Cybervergent, the platform maps more than 4 500 controls across frameworks, including the Nigeria Data Protection Act (NDPA), International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) 27001, and System and Organisation Controls (SOC) 2.

Cybervergent says the rollout of its first South African customer validates the platform’s readiness for highly regulated enterprise markets and strengthens its expansion strategy across Africa’s leading technology and financial hubs.

The company is also adopting a channel-first deployment model, working with local partners and system integrators in Lagos, Accra and Johannesburg to scale verified security infrastructure for enterprises navigating increasingly complex regulatory demands.

“We built verification into the architecture,” said Ayomide Daniels, co-founder and chief scientist at Cybervergent. “If a finding is not traceable back to source documentation, it does not reach the dashboard.”

Cybervergent rebranded from Infoprivacy in late 2023 to reflect its shift towards AI-automated cybersecurity.

The start-up previously focused on data privacy compliance in the West African market before pivoting to its current integrated posture management model.


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